Bhatiri mumota - chii icho?

Dzimwe mota dzemotokari dzinoda voltage kuti ishande. Vamwe vanoshandisa chete chikamu chidiki chesimba, semuenzaniso, chete chekushanda kweimwe sensor. Mamwe masisitimu akaomarara uye haakwanise kushanda pasina magetsi.

Semuenzaniso, kutanga injini pakutanga, vatyairi vaishandisa chakakosha. Yakaiswa mugomba rakagadzirirwa iyo uye, nerubatsiro rwechisimba simba, crankshaft yeinjini yakashandurwa. Iwe haugone kushandisa ino system pane michina yemazuva ano. Panzvimbo peiyi nzira, iyo Starter yakabatana neiyo flywheel. Chinhu ichi chinoshandisa izvozvi kushandura iyo flywheel.

Kugovera masisitimu ese emota nemagetsi, vagadziri vakapa kushandiswa kwemabhatiri. Takatofunga nezvekuchengeta chinhu ichi. mune imwe yeongororo dzakapfuura... Iye zvino ngatitaurei nezvemhando dzemabhatiri anodzoreredzwa.

Chii chinonzi bhatiri

Ngatitangei neshoko. Bhatiri remotokari inogara iripo sosi yemagetsi yemagetsi network. Iyo inokwanisa kuchengeta magetsi apo injini ichimhanya (jenareta inoshandiswa iyi maitiro).

Icho chigadziriswazve chigadzirwa. Kana ikaburitswa padanho zvekuti mota haigone kumutswa, bhatiri rinobviswa ndokubatanidzwa nechaja, iyo inoshanda pane yemagetsi magetsi. Dzimwe nzira dzekutanga injini kana bhatiri rasimwa zvinotsanangurwa pano.

Zvichienderana nemhando yemotokari, bhatiri rinogona kuiswa mune yeinjini, pasi pevhu, mune imwe niche iri kunze kwemota kana mutrunk.

Bhatiri mudziyo

Bhatiri rechargeable rinosanganisira akati wandei maseru (anonzi bhatiri bhengi). Sero rega rega rine mahwendefa. Platinum imwe neimwe inotakura yakanaka kana yakaipa. Iko kune yakasarudzika yakasarudzika pakati pavo. Iyo inodzivirira maseketi mapfupi pakati pemahwendefa.

Kuti uwedzere nzvimbo yekubatana ye electrolyte, ndiro imwe neimwe yakaumbwa segiridhi. Yakagadzirwa nemutobvu. Chinhu chinoshingairira chakamanikidzwa kupinda mukati mekamuri, ine chimiro chakaipa (izvi zvinowedzera nzvimbo yekubatana yeplate).

Iyo yakanaka ndiro inoumbwa nemutobvu uye sulfuric acid. Barium sulfate inosanganisirwa muchimiro cheplate isina kunaka. Munguva yekuchaja maitiro, chinhu cheiyo yakanaka pole ndiro chinoshandura makemikari acho, uye inova lead dioxide. Iyo yakaipa pole ndiro inova yakajairwa lead ndiro. Kanajaja ikadamburwa, chimiro cheplate chinodzokera panzvimbo yayo yekutanga uye yavo yemakemikari shanduko inoshanduka.

Electrolyte inodururwa muchirongo chimwe nechimwe. Icho chinhu chemvura chine acid nemvura. Mvura yacho inokonzeresa kuita kwemakemikari pakati pamahwendefa, kubva panogadzirwa razvino.

Ese maseru ebhatiri anogara mudzimba. Iyo inogadzirwa nemhando yakasarudzika yepurasitiki inopesana nekugara uchionekwa kune inoshanda asidi nzvimbo.

Nheyo yekushanda kwebheteri rekuchengetedza (accumulator)

Bhatiri remota rinoshandisa kufamba kwezvimedu zvakachajiwa kugadzira magetsi. Maitiro maviri akasiyana anoitika mubhatiri, nekuda kwekuti iro sosi remagetsi rinogona kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba.

• Low bhatiri. Panguva ino, chinhu chinoshanda chinokanganisa ndiro (anode), iyo inotungamira mukuburitswa kwemaerekitironi. Izvi zvinonongedzwa kune yechipiri ndiro - iyo cathode. Nekuda kwekuita kwemakemikari, magetsi anoburitswa;
• Kubhadharisa bhatiri. Panguva ino, zvinoitika zvinoitika - maerekitironi anoshandurwa kuita mapurotoni uye chinhu chinoadzosera kumashure - kubva kukathodhi kuenda kune anode. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mahwendefa anodzoreredzwa, izvo zvinobvumidza inotevera kuburitsa maitiro.

Mhando uye mhando dzemabhatiri

Kune akasiyana mabhatiri mazuva ano. Ivo vakasiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe mune mahwendefa uye kuumbwa kweiyo electrolyte. Chinyakare lead-acid mhando dzinoshandiswa mumotokari, asi pane atove kazhinji kesi dzekushandisa kweapamberi matekinoroji. Heano mamwe emaficha eiyi nemamwe marudzi ebhatiri.

Chinyakare ("antimony")

Lead-acid bhatiri, mahwendefa ayo ari mashanu muzana kana kupfuura antimony. Chinhu ichi chakawedzerwa mukuumbwa kwema electrode kuwedzera simba ravo. Iyo electrolysis mune yakadaro magetsi inopa ndiyo yekutanga. Muchiitiko ichi, huwandu hwakakwana hwesimba hunoburitswa, asi mahwendefa anokurumidza kuparadzwa (maitiro anotanga atove pa5 V).

Iko kusakosha kukuru kwemabhatiri akadaro ndiko kuburitswa kukuru kwe oxygen nehydrogen (mweya matema), izvo zvinoita kuti mvura inobva mumagaba ipararire. Nechikonzero ichi, mabhatiri ese eantimoni anoshanda - kanokwana kamwe pamwedzi iwe unofanirwa kutarisa mwero uye kuwanda kweiyo electrolyte. Iyo yekuchengetedza inosanganisira kuwedzerwa kwemvura yakasvibiswa, kana zvichidikanwa, kuitira kuti mahwendefa arege kufumurwa.

Mabhatiri akadaro haacha shandiswa mumotokari kuti zviite nyore sezvinobvira kuti mutyairi achengetedze mota. Low antimony analogue akatsiva mabhatiri akadaro.

Yakadzika antimony

Huwandu hweantimoni mukuumbwa kwemahwendefa hwaderedzwa kudzikisira kuita kwemvura. Imwe pfungwa yakanaka ndeyekuti bhatiri haribudise nekukurumidza nekuda kwekuchengetedza. Shanduko dzakadai dzinoiswa semhando dzakaderera-dzekuchengetedza kana dzisiri-dzekuchengetedza mhando.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti muridzi wemota haadi kutarisa kuwanda kweiyo electrolyte uye huwandu hwayo mwedzi wega. Kunyangwe ivo vasingakwanise kudaidzwa kuti ekuchengetedza-akasununguka, nekuti mvura iri mavari ichiri kufashaira, uye huwandu hunofanira kuzadzikiswa.

Kubatsira kwemabhatiri akadaro ndiko kuzvininipisa kwavo pakushandisa simba. Mune mota network, magetsi anokwira uye madonhwe anogona kuitika, asi izvi hazvikanganise sosi sosi, sezvazviri ne calcium kana gel analogue.

Nechikonzero ichi, aya mabhatiri akakodzera kwazvo kumota dzedzimba dzisingagone kuzvirumbidza nekuve nemidziyo ine simba rekushandisa simba. Ivo zvakare akakodzera kune vatyairi vane avhareji mari.

Calcium

Uku ndiko kugadziriswa kweyepasi antimony bhatiri. Chete panzvimbo pekuve neantimony, calcium inowedzerwa kumahwendefa. Zvakare, ichi chinhu chikamu chemagetsi emagetsi ematanda ese ari maviri. Ca / Ca inoratidzirwa pane zvakanyorwa bhatiri rakadai. Kuderedza kuramba kwemukati, pamusoro pemaplate anoshanda dzimwe nguva akafukidzwa nesirivha (chidimbu chidiki kwazvo chezviri mukati).

Kuwedzerwa kwecalcium kwakadzora kudzikisa gassing panguva yebhatiri kushanda. Kuwanda uye huwandu hwe electrolyte mukugadzirisa kwakadai kwenguva yese yekushanda hakudi kuongororwa zvachose, saka ivo vanonziwo ekuchengetedza-kwemahara.

Rudzi urwu rwemagetsi rwune 70 muzana zvishoma (zvichienzaniswa neshanduko yapfuura) zvinoenderana nekuzviburitsa. Kutenda neizvi, zvinogona kuchengetwa kwenguva yakareba, semuenzaniso, munguva yechando yekuchengetera michina.

Chimwe chakanakira ndechekuti havasi kutya kuwandisa, nekuti electrolysis mavari inotanga isisiri pamakore gumi nemaviri, asi na12 V.

Kunyangwe paine zvakawanda zvakanaka zvinhu, macalcium mabhatiri ane akati wandei zvakakomba zvakashata:

• Iko kushandiswa kwesimba kunodonha kana ikaburitswa zvizere kakati wandei uyezve ndokuzadzikiswa kubva pakutanga. Zvakare, iyi paramende inoderera zvakanyanya zvekuti bhatiri rinoda kutsiva, nekuti kugona kwayo hakuna kukwana kuti zviitwe mashandiro emidziyo yakabatana netiweki yemotokari;
• Iko kuwedzera kwehunhu hwechigadzirwa kunoda mubhadharo wakakwira, izvo zvinoita kuti zvisawanikwe kune vashandisi vane avhareji yemari yemari;
• Munda mukuru wekushandisa mota dzekune dzimwe nyika, sezvo michina yavo yakanyatsogadzikana maererano nekushandisa kwesimba (semuenzaniso, mwenje wepamberi mune dzakawanda kesi unodzima otomatiki, kunyangwe kana mutyairi akakanganwa kudzima izvo zvinowanzoendesa kubuditsa bhatiri);
• Kushanda kwebhatiri kunoda kutariswa kwakanyanya, asi nekutarisirwa nemota kwakakodzera (kushandiswa kwemidziyo yemhando yepamusoro uye kunyatsoteerera kuburitsa zvakazara), iri bhatiri rinogara kwenguva yakareba kupfuura shamwari yaro yepasi-antimony.

Hybrid

Aya mabhatiri akanyorwa kuti Ca +. Ndiro dzakasanganiswa mukushandurwa uku. Izvo zvakanaka zvinogona kusanganisira antimony, uye iyo yakaipa - calcium. Panyaya yekushanda nemazvo, mabhatiri akadaro akaderera pane e calcium, asi mvura inowira mukati mawo zvishoma zvakanyanya pane mune yakadzika antimony.

Mabhatiri akadaro haatambure zvakanyanya kubva mukuzara kuzere, uye havatye kuwandisa. Yakanakisa sarudzo kana bhajeti sarudzo isiri yehunyanzvi inogutsa, uye hapana mari inokwana yecalcium analogue.

Gel, AGM

Aya mabhatiri anoshandisa gel electrolyte. Icho chikonzero chekugadzirwa kwemabhatiri akadaro chaive zvinhu zviviri:

• Iyo yemvura electrolyte yemabhatiri akajairwa anokurumidza kubuda kana nyaya yacho yaora mwoyo. Izvi hazvina kuzara nekukuvara kwepfuma chete (muviri wemota uchakurumidza kudzikira), asi zvakare zvinogona kukonzera kukuvadza kwakakomba kuhutano hwevanhu apo mutyairi achiedza kuita chimwe chinhu;
• Mushure mechinguva, mahwendefa, nekuda kwekusaita hanya, anokwanisa kudonha (kurasira kunze).

Aya matambudziko akabviswa nekushandisa gelled electrolyte.

Mukugadziriswa kweAGM, chinhu chakavezwa chinowedzerwa pachigadzirwa, icho chinobata gel padyo nemahwendefa, zvichitadzisa kuumbwa kwemabhuru madiki munzvimbo dzavari.

Zvakanakira mabhatiri akadaro ndeaya:

• Ivo havasi kutya kutsvedza - izvi hazvigoneke kune mamodheru ane emvura electrolyte, nekuti panguva yekushanda kwavo, mhepo ichiri kuumba mune iyo kesi, iyo, kana yatendeuka, inofumura mahwendefa;
• Yekugara-kwenguva chengetedzo yechaji bhatiri inobvumidzwa, sezvo iine yakaderera-yega yekuzviburitsa chikumbaridzo;
• Pakati pese kutenderera pakati pemhosva, inoburitsa yakagadzikana yazvino;
• Ivo havatye kuburitswa kwakakwana - bhatiri iro simba harirasike panguva imwe chete;
• Hupenyu hwekushanda hwezvinhu zvakadaro hunosvika makore gumi.

Kuwedzera pane zvakanakira, mabhatiri emota akadaro ane akati wandei zvipingaidzo zvinovhiringidza vashandisi vazhinji vanoda kuzviisa mumota yavo:

• Yakanyanya whimsical kubhadharisa - izvi zvinoda kushandiswa kwemajaja akasarudzika ayo anopa yakatsiga uye yakaderera mutero wazvino;
• Kukurumidza kuchaja hakubvumirwe;
• Mumamiriro ekunze anotonhora, kugona kwebhatiri kunodonha zvakanyanya, nekuti gel inodzora yayo kondakita zvinhu kana yatonhorera;
• Iyo mota inofanirwa kuve neyakagadzika jenareta, saka shanduko dzakadai dzinoshandiswa mumota dzepamusoro;
• Yakakwira kwazvo mutengo.

Alkaline

Mota mabhatiri anogona kuzadzwa kwete chete acidic asiwo alkaline electrolyte. Panzvimbo pemutobvu, mahwendefa mune izvi zvinogadziridzwa akagadzirwa nenickel uye kadmiamu kana nickel nedare. Potassium hydroxide inoshandiswa senge inoshanda conductor.

Iyo electrolyte mumabhatiri akadaro haidi kuzadzikiswa, sezvo isingamiri panguva yekushanda. Zvichienzaniswa neasidhi shamwari, aya mabhatiri ane zvakwakanakira zvinotevera:

• Kwete kutya kuwedzerwa kudarika;
• Bhatiri rinogona kuchengetwa munzvimbo yakaburitswa uye harizorase zvivakwa zvaro;
• Recharge haina kukosha kwavari;
• Kunyanya kugadzikana pakadzika tembiricha;
• Zvishoma zvinokanganisa kuzvibuditsa;
• Hazvibudise mweya unoparadza unokanganisa, unoatendera kuti vabhadhariswe munzvimbo yekugara;
• Ivo vanochengeta yakawanda simba.

Asati atenga shanduko yakadai, muridzi wemota anofanira kuona kana akagadzirira kuita izvi.

• Bhatiri realkaline rinoburitsa mashoma magetsi, saka mamwe magani anodikanwa pane imwe asidi. Sezvingatarisirwa, izvi zvinokanganisa zviyero zvebhatiri, izvo zvinopa simba rinodiwa kune yakatarwa-pabhodhi network;
• Mutengo wepamusoro;
• Inonyanya kukodzera kuteedzera pane kutanga mabasa.

Li-ion

Iwo epamberi pari panguva ino ndiwo ma lithiamu-ion sarudzo. Kusvikira kumagumo, hunyanzvi uhu hausati hwapedzwa - kuumbwa kwemaplate anoshanda anogara achichinja, asi chinhu icho kunoitwa kuyedza iitiyamu ioni.

Izvo zvikonzero zvekuchinja kwakadai zvakawedzera kuchengetedzeka panguva yekushanda (semuenzaniso, lithium simbi yakazoputika), pamwe nekuderera kwehuturu (kugadziriswa nemhinduro yemanganese uye lithiamu oxide yaive nehupamhi hwehupfu, ndosaka mota dzemagetsi pazvinhu zvakadaro dzisingakwanise kunzi "girini" kutakura).

Aya mabhatiri akagadzirwa kuti ave akatsiga uye akachengeteka sezvinobvira pakuraswa. Zvakanakira izvi zvitsva zvinosanganisira:

• Yakakura kwazvo chinzvimbo ichienzaniswa nemabhatiri akaenzana akaenzana;
• Yepamusoro-soro voltage (rimwe bhangi rinogona kupa 4 V, inova zvakapetwa zvakapetana kupfuura iyo yeiyo "classic" analog);
• Zvishoma zvinokanganisa kuzvisunungura.

Zvisinei nezvakanaka izvi, mabhatiri akadaro haasati ave kukwanisa kukwikwidza nemamwe akafanana. Pane zvikonzero zvinoverengeka zveizvi:

• Vanoshanda zvisina tsarukano muchando (pane tembiricha isina kunaka inoburitsa nekukurumidza);
• Zvishoma kwazvo kubhadharisa / kuburitsa macircuit (anosvika mazana mashanu);
• Kuchengeterwa kwebhatiri kunoguma nekurasikirwa kwesimba - mumakore maviri ichadzikira ne20 muzana;
• Vanotya kuburitswa kuzere;
• Inopa simba risina simba kuti igone kushandiswa sechinhu chekutanga - iyo michina inoshanda kwenguva yakareba, asi hapana simba rakakwana rekutanga mota.

Pane kumwe kusimudzira kwavanoda kushandisa mumagetsi magetsi - supercapacitor. Nenzira, mota dzakatogadzirwa dzinomhanya parudzi urwu rwebhatiri, zvisinei, zvakare zvine zvakawanda zvinokanganisa zvinovatadzisa kukwikwidza nemabhatiri anokuvadza uye ane njodzi. Kubudirira kwakadaro uye mota yemagetsi inofambiswa neiyi magetsi sosi inotsanangurwa mune imwe ongororo.

Hupenyu hwebhatiri

Kunyangwe nhasi tsvagiridzo iri kuenderera mberi yekuvandudza mashandiro uye chengetedzo yemabhatiri eiyo-pabhodhi network yemotokari, kusvika parizvino inonyanya kufarirwa sarudzo dzeasidhi.

Zvinhu zvinotevera zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwebhatiri:

• Kupisa uko magetsi anoshandiswa;
• Battery mudziyo;
• Kugadzira jenareta nekuita;
• Kugadziriswa kwebhatiri;
• Kutasva modhi;
• Simba rekushandisa kana iyo michina yadzimwa.

Kuchengetedza kwakakodzera bhatiri risiri kushandiswa kunotsanangurwa mukati pano.

Mazhinji mabhatiri eacid ane hupenyu hushoma hwekushanda - iwo akanakisa mhando, kunyangwe kana mitemo yese yekutevedzera ikateedzerwa, inoshanda kubva pamakore mashanu kusvika manomwe. Kazhinji kazhinji aya mamodheru asina kutarisirwa. Ivo vanozivikanwa nemazita ezita - vanozivikanwa vagadziri havashatise mukurumbira wavo nezvakaderera-mhando zvigadzirwa. Zvakare, chigadzirwa chakadai chichava neyakareba waranti nguva - angangoita makore maviri.

Sarudzo yebhajeti ichagara kwemakore matatu, uye warandi yavo haingapfuure mwedzi gumi nemiviri. Iwe haufanire kumhanyira kune iyi sarudzo, nekuti hazvigoneke kugadzira mamiriro akakodzera ekushanda kwebhatiri.

Kunyangwe zvisingakwanisike kuona sosi yekushanda kwemakore, izvi zvakafanana nezvinoitika pamatai emotokari, anotsanangurwa mune imwe chinyorwa... Avhareji bhatiri rinofanira kumira zviuru zvina (4) zvekuchaja / kuburitsa.

Rumwe ruzivo nezve hupenyu hwebhatiri hunotsanangurwa muvhidhiyo iyi:

Bhatiri remotokari rinotora nguva yakareba sei?

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Batiri rinorevei? Accumulator bhatiri - kuchengetedza bhatiri. Ichi chishandiso chinozvimiririra chinoburitsa magetsi anodiwa kuti azvimirire kushanda kwemidziyo yemagetsi mumotokari.

Bhatiri rinoitei? Kana yachajwa, magetsi anotanga kuita kemikari. Kana bhatiri risiri kuchajwa, kemikari inotangwa kuti igadzire magetsi.