6 yeanonyengera zvakanyanya munhoroondo yemotorsport
Zviri mukati
Mushakabvu Ayrton Senna akataura ipapo kuti "mumhanyi ndiye wekutanga pakati pevakakundwa." Shasha dzechokwadi dzinoita chero chinhu kuti vave vekutanga, kunyangwe vakaedza kukotamisa mitemo nguva nenguva.
Panguva imwecheteyo, varongi vemakwikwi vakagadzirira kusaneta kushandura mitemo uye kuunza mitsva - kune rumwe rutivi, kuita kuti kutanga kuve kwakachengeteka, uye kune rumwe rutivi, kudzivirira nhangemutange refu uye inofinha. Mumutambo uyu unogara uripo wekatsi nembeva, dzimwe nguva vaiwana mhinduro dzehungwaru. Heano vatanhatu vevanyori vakuru munhoroondo yemotorsport, inosarudzwa neR&T.
Toyota pa 1995 World Rally Championship
Kwemakore matatu akateedzana, kubva 1992 kusvika 1994, Toyota Celica Turbo yakatonga iyo WRC, ichihwina zita rimwe chete naCarlos Sainz, Juha Cancunen naDidier Oriol. Mu1995, varongi vakapindira zvine mutsindo ndokuunza zvinomanikidzwa "zvinodzivirira mahwendefa" kudzikisa kuyerera kwemhepo kuenda ku turbocharger, sekureva kwesimba, maererano nekukurumidza uye njodzi.
Asi mainjiniya eToyota Team Europe vari kutsvaga nzira ine hungwaru yekutenderera mutemo, vachipfuura bhawa rinorambidza. Saka zvine hungwaru, muchokwadi, zvekuti vaongorori vakangovabata mumakwikwi ekupedzisira emwaka wa1995.
Toyota yakashandisa ndiro chaiyo inodiwa nemirairo, yakangoiisa pamatsime chaiwo. Vanoisundira inenge 5mm kure kure ne turbocharger, iyo inobvumirwa, uye saka inowana mhepo yakawanda pamberi payo-yakakwana, chaizvoizvo, kusimudza simba ne 50 horsepower. Asi chitsotsi ndechekuti kana vaongorori vakavhura sisitimu kuti vatarise mukati, vanomisikidza zvitubu uye ndiro inodzokera panzvimbo yayo yepakutanga.
Mukuru weFIA, Max Moseley, akaitumidza kuti "chitsotsi chakanyanya kuoneka chandakaona mumotorport mumakore makumi matatu." Asi, kunyangwe nekurumbidzwa, timu yakarangwa, haina kuita mukwikwidzi kwegore rese.
Smokey Uniq paNASCAR, 1967-1968 гг.
Takatonyora nezvaHenry "Smoky" Unique semumwe wemapiyona einjini adiabatic. Asi munhoroondo yeNASCAR, gamba rakapfeka mombe-heti-nepipe rinoramba riri munyengeri mukuru wenguva dzese — agara akagadzirira kukunda vaongorori nepfungwa yakanaka.
Muma1960, Smokey akakwikwidza mune yakazvininipisa Chevrolet Chevelle (inoratidzwa) vachipesana neane simba maFord neChrysler mafekitori zvikwata.
Muna 1968, motokari yake yakakwidziridzwa zvekuti vaongorori vakawana kutyorwa kwemitemo kupfumbamwe uye vakamurambidza kubva kuDayton kusvika agadzirisa. Ipapo mumwe wavo anosarudza kuongorora tangi kana zvikaitika uye oitora kubva mumotokari. Smokey akashatirwa anovaudza kuti, “Imi ingonyorai gumi,” uye pamberi pemeso avo akashamisika, anopinda mumotokari asina tangi, oibatidza, obva aenda. Zvino zvakazoitika kuti shasha yekuzvidzidzisa yakafungawo nzira yekutenderedza tangi yevhoriyamu - akangoona kuti mirairo haina kutaura chero chinhu nezve pombi yegesi, uye yakaiita 3,4 metres kureba uye masendimita mashanu yakafara kuti igare. mamwe marita manomwe ne7 epeturu .
Red Bull Mujaho muFormula 1, 2011-2014
Mazita mana epasi rose eRed Bull pakati pa2010 na2013 aive mhedzisiro yehunyanzvi hwaSebastian Vettel uye kugona kwemainjiniya echikwata kugadzira nhamba nyowani munzvimbo yegrey yemitemo. Muna 2011, apo Vettel akahwina kukunda gumi nerimwe ndokutora zvinzvimbo gumi neshanu zvekutanga kubva pagumi nepfumbamwe, mota yaive neinochinjika - uye, sekureva kwevakwikwidzi vazhinji, zvisiri pamutemo - bapiro remberi.
Zvinofambiswa aerodynamic zvinhu zvakarambidzwa muF1 kubvira 1969. Asi mainjiniya eRed Bull vakave nechokwadi chekuti bapiro ravo rakaedzwa munzvimbo yakamira, uye kuti rinongochinjika pasi pemitoro yepamusoro yemumugwagwa. Chakavanzika chaive mune yakanyatsoiswa kabhoni composite. Nekudaro, timu rakaongororwa muna 2011 na2012. Asi muna 2013, iyo FIA yakasimbisa macheki, uye tsika yacho inonzi yakamira. Ipo pakutanga kwekupedzisira kwegore ra2014, mota dzeRed Bull dzakabatwazve pamwe neanogona kuchinjika, vachirangwa kutanga kubva kumutsara wekupedzisira.
Brabham naGordon Murray muFormula 1, 1981
Mutsara pakati pekubiridzira nehunyanzvi uripo, asi wagara wakadzima. Asi muna 1981, Gordon Murray, ramangwana mugadziri weMcLaren F1, akanyatsoona kuti aiputsa mitemo neBrabham BT49C. Iyo mota, yakagadzirirwa naMurray, ine hydropneumatic kuturika iyo inobvumira iyo kuburitsa yakawanda kumanikidza kupfuura inotenderwa. Kana ichitaridzwa isati yatanga, mota ine clearance yemasentimita matanhatu, inova shoma inogamuchirwa. Asi kana mota ikangomhanyisa kumhanya, pane kumanikidza kwakaringana kumberi fender yekupomba imwe yeiyo hydraulic fluid kupinda mutangi repakati, nekudaro ichideredza iyo BT6C pazasi pemuganhu.
Murray zvine hungwaru akachinjisa sisitimu kuitira kuti mushure mekupedza pane inotonhora inotonhora chiuno, kumanikidza kunodonha uye mota inomuka zvakare. Uye zvakare, kutsausa pfungwa kubva mukumiswa, akaisa bhokisi rinonyumwira rine tambo dzakabuda mumotokari. Nelson Piquet akakunda kechitatu kutanga muArgentina muna 1981 neBrabham iyi. Ipapo sisitimu yakaziviswa, asi kufambira mberi kwakaunganidzwa kwakakwanira kuti Piquet ikunde zita, iine poindi imwe pamberi paCarlos Reuthemann
McLaren muFormula 1, 1997-98
Chikwata chaRon Dennis chakange chiri munzvimbo yegrey kwemwaka miviri nekuda kwechimedu chechipiri chebhureki, icho chakabvumidza vatyairi vengarava Mika Hakkinen naDavid Coulthard kumisikidza imwe chete yemabhureki ekumashure pazvinenge zvakakodzera. Pfungwa yepakutanga yakabva kunaAmerican injinjini Steve Nichols uye yaive yakanangana nekudzora understeer. Izvo zvaive zvichikwanisika kuiziva chete nekutenda kune akangwarira mutori wemifananidzo, uyo akacherekedza iyo-yepamusoro-tembiricha brake disc ichibuda kunze kwekutendeuka.
Mainjiniya eMcLaren akazobvuma kuti hunyanzvi uhu hwakavaunzira hafu inonakidza yechipiri. Semazuva ese, mhere mhere yakakwidziridzwa naFerrari, maererano nehunyanzvi hwechikwata cheBritish chakatyora kurambidzwa kwemavhiri mana. FIA yakabvumirana ndokurambidza chechipiri chitanga pakutanga kwemwaka wa1998, izvo zvisina kumisa Mika Hakkinen kuhwina nhangemutange sere uye kuhwina mukombe weMcLaren.
Ford pa2003 World Rally Championship
Mhepo pamwe nemafuta zvakaenzana nesimba. Naizvozvo, matare anotonga emakwikwi ese emotorsport anoedza kudzora kupinda kwemhepo kune injini. Takaona Toyota ichigadzirisa dambudziko iri muna 1995. Muna 2003, Ford yakauya neimwe pfungwa: yavo Focus RS yakashandisa yakagadziriswa mweya. Mainjiniya akaisa tangi yemhepo yakavanda pasi pebhureki rekumashure. Yakagadzirwa ne2mm gobvu titanium chiwanikwa, yakaunganidza yakadzvanywa mweya kubva iyo turbocharger apo mutyairi akatsimbirira gasi.
Zvadaro, somuenzaniso, pakureba kwenguva refu, mutyairi wendege aigona kusunungura mhepo yakaunganidzwa, iyo inodzokera kune yakawanda yekutora kuburikidza netitanium chubhu. Uye sezvo aifamba kumashure, mhepo iyi yakapfuura bhara rinosungirwa. Uhu hunyengeri hudiki hwakawedzera simba ne5% - zvakakwana kuti Marco Martin akunde madhirowa maviri mwaka uno nzvimbo isati yaziviswa uye akamiswa kuAustralia.
