12 mibvunzo yakakosha nezve peturu

Chii kusimba peturu? Zvine njodzi here kutyaira nemafuta emota? Nei octane nhamba imwe muEurope uye imwe iri muAmerica? Peturu inodhura here nhasi kupfuura zvayaive pasi pehukama? Zvine basa here kuti ndorudzii? Muchikamu chino, takafunga kupindura yakawanda yemibvunzo inobvunzwa nevanhu nezve mafuta emotokari.

Nei iyo A-86 uye A-93 yakanyangarika?

Mukupera kwesocialism, peturu nhatu dzakapihwa - A-86, A-93 uye A-96. Nhasi dzatsiviwa neA-95, A-98 neA-100. Kare, pakanga paine peturu ine octane rating 76, 66 uye kunyange 56.

Pane zvikonzero zviviri zvekushaikwa kwavo. Imwe yadzo ndeyezvakatipoteredza: yakaderera-octane peturu haasvike zvanhasi zvinodiwa nesarufa, benzene, zvichingodaro.

Yechipiri inoenderana nekushanduka kweinjini. Low-octane peturu haatenderi mareshiyo akakwirira ekumanikidza - semuenzaniso, A-66 ine muganho wepamusoro wekumanikidza we6,5, A-76 ine reshiyo yekumanikidza inosvika 7,0. Nekudaro, zviyero zvezvakatipoteredza uye kudzikisira zvakakonzera kuunzwa kukuru kweinjini dze turbocharged dzine huwandu hwakanyanya hwekumanikidza.

Nhamba ye octane chii?

Ichi chijairira chekuyera chinoratidza kushomeka kwepeturu kudonhedhiyo, ndiko kuti, mukana wekuti unotsva uchingoerekana mukamuri yemoto musana maparaki emoto asati aburitsa chimoto (icho, chokwadika, hachisi chakanakira injini). Yakakwira octane peturu inogona kubata yakakwira compression ratios uye nekudaro inogadzira yakawanda simba.

Nhamba yeoctane inopiwa kuti ienzaniswe nemiyero miviri - n-heptane, iyo ine tsika yekugogodza ye0, uye isooctane, ine tsika yekugogodza ye100.

Sei octane nhamba dzakasiyana?

Vanhu vakafamba zvakawanda kutenderera pasirese vanogona kunge vakaona mutsauko mukuverengwa kwenzvimbo dzemagetsi. Ipo iri kuEuropean nyika inowedzeredzwa neRON 95 peturu, munyika dzakaita seUnited States, Canada kana Australia, vatyairi vazhinji vanozadza makumi mapfumbamwe.

Muchokwadi, mutsauko hausi munhamba ye octane, asi nenzira yainoyerwa.

RONI, MON и AKI

Nzira yakajairika ndiyo inonzi tsvakurudzo octane nhamba (RON), yakagamuchirwa muBulgaria, EU, Russia neAustralia. Muchiitiko ichi, musanganiswa wemafuta unoitwa kuburikidza nejini yekuedza ine chiyero chekumanikidza chinoshanduka pa600 rpm uye mhedzisiro inofananidzwa neiyo yen-heptane uye isooctane.

Nekudaro, kune zvakare MON (injini octane nhamba). Nayo, bvunzo inoitwa nekumhanya kwakawedzera - 900, ine preheated mafuta musanganiswa uye inogadziriswa inodzima. Pano mutoro wakakura uye tsika yekubvisa inooneka kare.

Masvomhu anoreva nzira mbiri idzi, dzinodaidzwa kuti AKI - Anti-Knox Index, inorekodhwa pazviteshi zvepeturu muUS. Semuenzaniso, muyero weGerman A95 ine 10% ethanol ine RON ye95 uye MON ye85. Zvose zvinoguma neAKI ye90. Ndiko kuti, European 95 muAmerica i90, asi chaizvoizvo ine imwechete octane nhamba.

Chii chinonzi kunzwisisika peturu?

Mapeturu ane imwe parameter inonzi "sensitivity". Uyu ndiwo mutsauko uripo pakati peRON neMON. Iyo diki iyo, iyo yakanyanya kugadzikana iyo mafuta pasi pemamiriro ese. Uye zvinopesana - kana kunzwisiswa kwakakwira, izvi zvinoreva kuti tsika yekugogodza inoshanduka zvakanyanya nekuchinja kwekushisa, kumanikidza, nezvimwe.

Inguva yakareba sei peturu inogona kuchengetwa?

Vatyairi vanoshandisa mota kashoma kana kurara vachifanira kuyeuka kuti peturu iri kure nekusingaperi. Upenyu hwemasherufu - mwedzi mitanhatu, asi kana yakachengetwa yakavharwa, pasina kusangana nemhepo yepamhepo uye pakupisa kusingakwiri kupfuura tembiricha yekamuri. Kana tembiricha inosvika madhigirii makumi matatu, peturu inogona kurasikirwa nemidziyo yayo mumwedzi mitatu chete.

Munyika dzine mamiriro ekunze anotonhora, akadai seRussia neIceland, hupenyu hwepasherufu hwepeturu igore rimwe chete. Asi ipapo muUSSR pakanga paine kuganhurwa nenzvimbo - kuchamhembe, hupenyu hwesherufu hwaive mwedzi makumi maviri nemana, uye kumaodzanyemba - mwedzi mitanhatu chete.

Hupenyu hwesherufu hwepeturu hwakadzikira chaizvo mushure mekunge makomputa anotungamira abviswa.

Iko stale peturu ine njodzi here?

Kana mafuta arasikirwa nehunhu (cyclic hydrocarbon mairi ave polycyclic), unogona kunge uine matambudziko nekupaza kana kuramba uchimhanya. Kuwedzera nyowani peturu kunowanzo gadzirisa dambudziko iri. Nekudaro, kana peturu yakafumurwa nemhepo uye iine oxidized, madhiri anogona kuumbika mupeturu uye nekukuvadza injini. Naizvozvo, kwekugara kwenguva refu kwemotokari, zvinokurudzirwa kudurura peturu yekare uye nekuitsiva neimwe nyowani usati watanga injini.

Ko peturu inovira rini?

Vanhu vazhinji vanoshamisika zvechokwadi kuziva kuti peturu yakajairwa ine poindi inovira ye37,8 degrees Celsius yezvikamu zvayo zvidiki uye kusvika pamadhigirii kune akanyanya kurema. Mune mafuta edhiziri, iyo yekubikira iri pakutanga 100 madhigirii.

Naizvozvo, pamotokari dzekare dzine macarburetors, zvaive zvichikwanisika kudzima injini munguva inopisa uye haizodi kutanga zvekare kudzamara yadzikira zvishoma.

Octane dzakasiyana dzinogona kusanganiswa here?

Vanhu vazhinji vanoona kuti kusanganisa octane akasiyana mafuta mutangi kune njodzi nekuti vane kusiana kwakasiyana uye kunozogadzira. Haisi chokwadi. Iko hakuna mhedzisiro yakaipa yekuwedzera 98 mutangi ine 95. Ehe, hazviite zvine musoro kuzvisanganisa, asi kana zvichidikanwa, harisi dambudziko.

Iko ruvara rwe peturu rwakakosha here?

Rudzi rwechisikigo rwepeturu rwakaita yero kana kujeka. Nekudaro, marefineries anogona kuwedzera madhayi akasiyana. Kare, ruvara urwu rwakanga rwakamira - semuenzaniso, A-93 yaive bluish. Asi nhasi hapana mutemo wezvino, uye mugadziri wega wega anoshandisa ruvara rwavanoda. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekusiyanisa mafuta kubva kune vamwe vanogadzira kuitira kuti, kana zvichidiwa, mavambo ayo anogona kuteverwa. Kumunhu wekupedzisira, ruvara urwu haruna basa.