11 maSUV akakanganwa kwenguva refu

Toyota Land Cruiser, Nissan Patrol, Mitsubishi Pajero, Land Rover, Jeep Wrangler, G-Kirasi, Hummer ... Rondedzero yeSUV dzakakurumbira, kana idzo dzakanzwikwa nevanhu, hadzina kuchinja kwemakumi emakore. Nekudaro, izvi hazvireve kuti nyika yeaya maSUV anonetseka. Chiyero chechina 4x4 chisi chinogona kufananidzwa nehumambo hweRoma panguva yayo yekutonga, vazhinji vevagari vayo vanokanganikwa nhasi uye vanomanikidzwa kurarama hupenyu hwavo hunosiririsa kunze nekunze. Mota Kambani yakanyora rondedzero ye11 maSUV akadaro, vamwe vanhu vasati vatombonzwa nezvazvo.

Alfa Romeo 1900M

Usashamisika, asi iyi ndiyo Alfa Romeo 1900 M, inozivikanwawo seMatta ("anopenga") - kwete iyo inofarira yekumaodzanyemba runako ine inoyevedza dhizaini, sezvatakajaira kuona Alfa chaiyo, asi mbishi SUV yemauto. Matta anogona kunzi akasarudzika uye mashoma - kubva 1952 kusvika 1954, 2007 mauto shanduko dzeAR 51 uye 154 shanduro dzeAR 52 dzakagadzirwa.

Iyo modhi yakatumirwa neItaly Ministry of Defense. Inotaridzika seyakaonda uye yakatetepa, asi hazvisi: ine 1,9-litre 65-horsepower injini ine yakaoma sump lubrication system uye aruminiyamu hemispherical humburumbira musoro. Kumiswa kwepamberi kwakazvimiririra pane kaviri wishbone kumiswa. Zvikumbiro zvehunyanzvi zvakaparadza modhi - makore mashoma gare gare mauto eItaly akachinjira kune yakapfava Fiat Campagnola.

International Harvester Travelall

Navistar International Corporation, yaimbozivikanwa seInternational Harvester Company, inozivikanwa nemarori ayo, asi Travelall SUVs akavakirwa pane chassis yeR-Series marori akadzimwa kubva muboka ndangariro. Zvakanyanya kusarongeka nekuti iyi ndeimwe yekutanga-saizi yakazara maSUV nevakwikwidzi mune yega pfungwa yeChevy Suburban.

Kubva 1953 kusvika 1975, zvizvarwa zvina zveTravelall zvakatenderera kubva pagungano. Yese-mavhiri ekutyaira ave achiwanikwa senzira kubva 1956. Injini dzinomiririrwa ne-mutsetse "matanhatu" uye V8 ine huwandu hunosvika 6,4 litita. Travelall inoratidzika kunge hofori uye haisi yekunyepedzera kwekunyepedzera. Yayo yazvino chizvarwa SUV iri 5179 mm kureba uye ine 3023 mm wheelbase. Kubva muna 1961 kusvika 1980, kambani yakaburitsa ipfupi International Harvester Scout muchiteshi chengoro nekutora.

Monteverdi Safari

Iyo International Harvester Scout ndiyo hwaro hweumbozha SUV Safari yeane mukurumbira uye, nhamo, isisiripo Swiss brand Monteverdi. Motokari ine mikova mitatu yakagadzirirwa kukwikwidzana neRange Rover, asi inokunda Briton maererano nesimba - injini yakasiyana-siyana inosanganisira 5,2-litre Chrysler V8 uye kunyange injini ye7,2-litre ine 309 horsepower, ichiibvumira kusvika kumusoro. kumhanya kusvika ku200 km / h.

Iyo dhizaini yemuviri, naCarrozzeria Fissore, ine mitsara yakachena, yakachena uye girazi hombe, ichiri kuita ratidziro yakanaka nhasi, ingangoita hafu yezana ramakore mushure meMonteverdi Safari yakatanga. Muenzaniso wacho wakagadzirwa kubva muna 1976 kusvika muna 1982. Iyo dashibhodhi yakajeka kumusoro kune iyo Range Rover, iyo yaive trendsetter mune yakasviba yakasarudzika SUV chikamu panguva iyoyo.

Dodge ramcharger

Iyo yakazara-saizi 1974-1996 Dodge Ramcharger, iyo inokwikwidza ne "hombe" Ford Bronco naChevy K5 Blazer, hairatidze kuvepo kwegamba risingazivikanwe senge yayo Plymouth Trail Duster dombo. Asi kune imwe Ramcharger iyo vashoma vakanzwa nezvayo. Yakabudiswa kubva muna 1998 kusvika muna 2001 kuMexico uye kumaMexico. Iyo yakavakirwa pane yakapfupiswa chassis yechizvarwa chechipiri cheRam pickup ine wheelbase ye2888 mm. Iyo SUV yakagadzirirwa huwandu hwe5,2 uye 5,9 litita.

Chinhu chinonakidza chemuenzaniso mutsara wezvigaro zvakaiswa zvakafanana kune rumwe rutivi - kusagadzikana kwerwendo rurefu, asi zvakajeka zvakakodzera kupfura. Iyo Ramcharger haitengeswi muUS nezvikonzero zviri pachena. Mukupera kwema1990, mapfupi wheelbase SUVs akarasika pasi mumusika weko. Uye zvakare, zvido zvaDaimlerChrysler muchikamu cheSUV zvakadzivirirwa neJeep Grand Cherokee uye Dodge Durango - chetatu mukambani yavo inonyatso dhinda.

Bertone Freeclimber

Mafeni echokwadi ekare-chikoro SUVs anonyatsoziva Daihatsu Rugger, iyo inonzi Rocky mumisika yakawanda yekunze. Asi havasi vese vanoyeuka kuti ndiye hwaro hweakasarudzika freediver yeItaly studio Bertone. Luxury SUV yemisika yeEurope yakavakirwa pane yakajairwa "yeJapan" - unonzwa sei pamusoro peizvi? Muma80s, Bertone akazviwana ari mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma - iyo Fiat Ritmo inoshandurwa uye yemitambo Fiat X1/9, yakagadzirwa pachirimwa chake, yakatanga kurasikirwa. Tinoda chirongwa chitsva, chiri kuita Freeclimber.

Iyo Daihatsu iri kutaurwa yakashongedzerwa ne2,4-litre BMW injini yedhiziri senge imwe nzira kune 2,0- uye 2,7-litre peturu injini. Chikamu chepamberi chakachinjwa zvishoma, machira akaenzana akatsiviwa nemarambi maviri akatenderera, michina yakawedzerwa. Sekureva kwemimwe mishumo, kubva muna 1989 kusvika 1992, Bertone akaburitsa ndege dzinosvika mazana maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe nenomwe dzemahara. Iyo yechipiri vhezheni yeiyo yakasarudzika SUV yakavakirwa pane yakawanda compact Feroza modhi uye inofambiswa ne2795-litre BMW M1,6 injini ine 40 hp. Daihatsu Rocky yakanatswa yakatengeswa kwete kuItari chete, asi zvakare muFrance neGerman, uye iyo Freeclimber II, iyo mairi mazana maviri nemakumi matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu akagadzirwa, ainyanya kutengwa munyika yavo yechipiri.

Rayton-Fissore Magnum

Yakagadzirwa neasina basa Carrozzeria Fissore, uyu modhi mumwe wevanokwikwidza chigaro chamambo weSUVs akakanganwa. Yakagadzirirwa kukwikwidza neRange Rover, yakavakirwa pane rakabviswa-pasi mauto eIveco ese-vhiri rekutyaira chassis. Nheyo yakashata yakavanzwa nemuviri, basa remugadziri weAmerica Tom Chard, uyo akabata ruoko mune yakawanda mhando, kusanganisira De Tomaso Pantera. Pakutanga, Magnum akakwezva mapurisa uye kunyange mauto, asi gare gare vanhu vakafarira, izvo zvakagadzirirwa shanduro dzinodhura.

Iyo SUV ine injini dzepeturu, kusanganisira 2,5-litre "matanhatu" Alfa Romeo uye 3,4-litre matanhatu-cylinder BMW M30B35, pamwe neina-cylinder turbodiesel. Kubva 1989 kusvika 2003, iyo yekutanga modhi yakaedza kukunda Nyika Itsva isati yachinja zita rayo kuita sonic Laforza uye injini kuita V8 ine 6,0-litre kubva kuGeneral Motors, inowirirana zvakanyanya nezvinodavirwa neruzhinji rweAmerica. KuEurope, iyi SUV inofadza chaizvo yakagadzirwa kubva muna 1985 kusvika muna 1998.

Volkswagen Goridhe Nyika

Volkswagen Gorofu 2 ndeye isingafi yekare uye kukosha kusingaperi. Zvakatonyanya kushamisa ndezvekuti mune dzakasiyana siyana shanduro kune yakatokanganwa SUV - Nyika. Kunyangwe iyi isiri 1989% SUV, modhi yacho inonakidza, yakanaka uye isingabetseri panzira. A pre-production cross hatch yakaratidzwa paGeneva Motor Show muna XNUMX, uye gore rakatevera kugadzirwa kwakatanga muGraz, Austria. Hwaro ndiyo mikova mishanu Gorofu CL Syncro ine ese-vhiri dhiraivha.

Nyika inoishandura kuita 438-chidimbu kit inosanganisira kumiswa-refu-yekufamba iyo inosimudza kubvumidzwa kwepasi kune yakakomba 210mm, injini yekudzivirira crankcase, nhengo yemuchinjikwa uye kumashure matayi stock. Nyika yeGorofu yaingove mayunitsi 7735 500 chete, kusanganisira 15 ane chrome accents uye 205-inch mavhiri ane akafara matayi 60/15 R XNUMX. Kuti awedzere umbozha, mota idzi zvakare dzaive nemukati mematehwe.

ACM Biagini Pass

Nyaya yeGorofu Nyika inotora shanduko isingatarisirwe mu ... Italy. Muna 1990, makumi emakore pasati paiswa Nissan Murano CrossCabriolet uye Range Rover Evoque Convertible, ACM Automobili yakagadzira Biagini Passo inoshandurwa nekuwedzera kubvumidzwa kwevhu. Uye chii chiri musimboti wayo? Ndizvozvo - Gorofu Nyika ine 1,8-lita peturu injini uye ese-vhiri dhiraivha.

Passo ine yakagadziridzwa yechizvarwa cheGorofu muviri inopa fungidziro yechigadzirwa chisina kupera chemba, icho chisiri kure nechokwadi. Mwenje wemberi anobva kuFiat Panda, mwenje weshure kubva kuOpel Kadett D, uye masaini epadivi anobva kuFiat Ritmo. Maererano nedzimwe dheta, zvidimbu makumi matanhatu chete zvakaitwa kubva mumuenzaniso, maererano nevamwe, kune mazana avo. Zvisinei, Biagini Passo ikozvino yakakanganwa uye iri nyore nyore kuwana kupfuura unicorn, uyewo nekuda kwekuderera kwayo kwekudzivirira.

Honda Muchinjikwa

Kuvandudzwa kwebheji kwakabudirira muma1990s, zvichiburitsa mota dzisingaite seFord Explorer yakagadziridzwa inonzi Mazda Navajo kana Isuzu Trooper ichiita seAcura SLX. Asi nhoroondo yeHonda Crossroad, inova chizvarwa chekutanga cheLand Rover Discovery, haisati yamboitika. Kutangwa kweH mace Discovery mugrille imhaka yekubatana pakati peHonda neRover Group iyo yakaona pasi rose richiona maBritish Japanese seRover 600 Series, kunyanya yakadudzirwazve Honda Accord. Iyo Crossroad yakagadzirwa kubva ku1993 kusvika 1998 yeJapan neNew Zealand, iyo inotsanangura kusajeka kwayo.

Honda inoita kufamba kunoshamisa kwakadaro nekuda kwehusimbe hwayo. Kana Toyota, Nissan neMitsubishi, tisingatauri mabhurani eEuropean neAmerica, vakaveza kare musika weSUV, mhando yacho inokatyamadzwa uye inosarudza kuzadza gaka iri munzvimbo dzayo nemotokari dzine mabheji einjiniya. MuEurope, yaive Pasipoti, yakagadziridzwa Isuzu Rodeo, uye Isuzu Trooper, iyo yakashandura zita rayo kuva Acura SLX. Crossroad ndiyo yekutanga uye chete Honda ine injini yeV8.

Santana PS-10

Spanish brand Santana Motor, iyo yakafamba nerwizi rwenhoroondo muna 2011, yakatanga kugadzira Land Rover kubva kuCKD kits uye yakazotanga kushandura British SUV. Chisikwa chake chazvino iPS-10 SUV (inozivikanwawo seAnibal), iyo yaimbodiwa muEurope neAfrica. Iine zvimwe zvakafanana neDefender, haikope iyo yakakurumbira SUV, asi iri nyore kwazvo. Spartan kusvika pakati, iyo PS-10 yakaunzwa muna 2002 uye yaive mukugadzirwa kusvika pakupera kweSantana Motor. Kuwedzera kune mashanu-masuo echiteshi ngoro, pikicha yemasuo maviri inowanikwawo.

Kusiyana neLand Rover, iyo yakachinja kuita zvitubu zvemashizha muma80s, Santana inoshandisa zvitubu zvemashizha kumberi nekumashure. Mavhiri mana haagari. Iyo midziyo iri nyore sezvinobvira, kunyangwe iyo PS-10 ichipa chidhiraivho chine hydraulics uye air conditioning kune imwe mari yekuwedzera. Injini ndeye 2,8-litre Iveco turbodiesel.

Iveco Massive

Chimbofungidzira - iyo Iveco yekuItaly haizi chete mota dzekutengesa uye dzinorema marori, asiwo hombe SUVs. Inotaridzikawo seLand Rover Defender, sezvairi ... yakagadziridzwazve Santana PS-10. Iyo modhi yakagadzirwa kubva 2007 kusvika 2011 paSantana Motor midziyo, uye inosiyana neyakareruka yakaenzana mukugadzirwa kwemuviri, dhizaini yeanozivikanwa Giorgio Giugiaro.

Iyo "Spanish Italian" ine 3,0-liter Iveco turbodiesel injini (150 hp uye 350 Nm, 176 hp uye 400 Nm) yakabatanidzwa neatanhatu-speed manual gearbox uye ose-vhiri dhiraivha asina-musiyano wemberi ekisero uye kutapudza kutapurirana. . Zvinoenderana neBritish edition yeAutocar, angangoita zviuru zvina nemazana mashanu emayuniti emhando anogadzirwa gore negore kumashure kwe4500-seater station wagon uye pickups. Kana iwe uchida kuona iyo Massif ichirarama, enda kuAlps - zvakaoma chaizvo kusangana neSUV iyi kunze kwavo.