10 enginjini dzisina kujairika munhoroondo
Zviri mukati
- 1 Bugatti Veyron W-16, 2005-2015
- 2 Knight vharafu isina injini, 1903-1933
- 3 Wankel injini (1958-2014)
- 4 Eisenhuth Mukomboni, 1904-1907
- 5 Panhard maviri-humburumbira mubhokisi, 1947-1967
- 6 Commer / Rootes TS3, 1954-1968
- 7 Lanchester Twin-Crank Twin, 1900-1904
- 8 Cizeta V16T, 1991-1995
- 9 Gobron-Brille, 1898–1922
- 10 Adams-Farvell, 1904-1913
Zvinokatyamadza ndezvekuti hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hunowedzera, mota dzemoto dzinova dzakanyanya. Nemitambo isingadzokeri yekusimbisa, injini dzekunze senge V12 neV10 dziri kutsakatika uye iyo V8 ichatevera kutevera. Zvichida kuti mune remangwana risiri kure, vapenyu chete vachange vari matatu kana mana masilinda enjini.
Mune ino ongororo, isu tichafunga nezve zvidiki-zvinozivikanwa masisitimu ayo mota indasitiri yaakatipa. Chinyorwa chinosanganisira chete iwo ma mota akaiswa pane akateedzana mota.
1 Bugatti Veyron W-16, 2005-2015
Kuvandudzwa kwemushakabvu Ferdinand Piëch kugadzira mota inomhanyisa pasi pano pakutanga yaisanganisira V8, asi zvakakurumidza kuve pachena kuti basa racho raisakwanisika. Ndicho chikonzero mainjiniya akagadzira ino inozivikanwa 8-litre W16 unit, zvine mutsindo kupfuura yepamusoro munhoroondo.
Iyo ine makumi matanhatu nematanhatu mavharuvhu, mana ma turbocharger, gumi akasiyana ma radiator uye ingangoita musanganiswa wemana anodzvova maVR64 kubva kuVolkswagen. Haisati yambo gadzirirwa kumotokari yekugadzira seichi nekuda kwesimba rayo rinoshamisa - uye hazvingamboitike zvakare.
2 Knight vharafu isina injini, 1903-1933
Mugadziri weAmerican Charles Yale Knight anogona kuiswa zvakaringana pamwe nevakagadziri vakakura saFerdinand Porsche naEttore Bugatti. Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rapfuura, akafunga kuti mavharuvhu akatoiswa muchimiro chemahwendefa (vakuru vevanamakanika vanoadaidza iwo mahwendefa) aive akaomarara uye asingashande. Ndosaka achigadzira injini nyowani, iyo inowanzonzi "isina vharuvhu".
Muchokwadi, iri harisi iro zita chairo, nekuti muchokwadi mune mavhavha mumotokari. Ivo vari muchimiro che sleeve iyo inotsvedza yakatenderedza pisitoni, iyo inoteedzana ichivhura iyo yekupinda uye nzira yekubuda mune humburumbira rusvingo.
Injini dzerudzi urwu dzinopa hunyanzvi hwakaringana maererano nevhoriyamu, dzinomhanya chinyararire uye hadziwanzo kukuvara. Izvo hazvina zvakawanda zvakakanganisika, asi chakanyanya kukosha ndiko kunonyanya kushandiswa kwemafuta. Knight akabvumidza zano rake muna 1908, uye gare gare zvigadzirwa zvaro zvakaonekwa muMercedes, Panhard, Peugeot mota. Iyi pfungwa yakasiiwa chete mushure mekuvandudzwa kwemapopu emagetsi muma1920 nema1930.
3 Wankel injini (1958-2014)
Pfungwa iyi, yakazvarwa mumusoro waFeliks Wankel, haina kujairika - kana zvakadaro zvakataridzika pakutanga kumisoro yeGerman NSU, iyo yavakarongedzerwa. Yakanga iri injini umo iyo pisitoni irori yakakona katatu ichitenderera mubhokisi rezai. Sezvo ichitenderera, makona ayo matatu, anonzi maveti, anogadzira makamuri matatu emoto anoita zvikamu zvina: kudya, kumanikidza, kuvesa, uye kusunungura.
Mativi ese erotor anogara achimhanya. Zvinonzwika seinoorora - uye ndizvo chaizvo. Simba rakanyanya reinjini dzakadai rakakwirira zvakanyanya kupfuura iro reanowanzoenderana nemavhoriyamu akafanana. Asi kusakara uye kubvarura kwakakomba, uye mafuta ekushandisa uye chisi zvakatonyanya. Nekudaro, Mazda yakaigadzira makore mashoma apfuura, uye haisati yasiya zvachose pfungwa yekuitazve.
4 Eisenhuth Mukomboni, 1904-1907
John Eisenhoot, mugadziri kubva kuNew York, aive munhu anoshamisira. Akaomerera kuti iye, uye kwete Otto, aive baba veinjini yemoto yemukati. Muvambi akatanga kambani ine zita rine mukurumbira Eisenhuth Horseless Vehicle Company, uyezve nekufamba kwemakore, aigara achimhan'ara vese vebhizinesi.
Kubva pakuona kweinjiniya, nhaka yaro inonakidza kwazvo ndiyo injini-nhatu dzesirinda yemuenzaniso weCompound.
Muchivharo ichi chinoyerera, masilinda maviri ekupedzisira anopa pakati, "akafa" silinda nemagasi awo emhepo, uye ndiyo silinda yepakati inotyaira mota. Mativi ese ari maviri aive akakura kwazvo, aine dhayamita 19 cm, asi yepakati yaive yakatokura - masendimita 30. Eisenhut yakataura kuti mari yakachengetwa ichienzaniswa neyakajairwa injini ndeye 47%. Asi muna 1907 akashaya mari uye pfungwa yacho yakafa nekambani.
5 Panhard maviri-humburumbira mubhokisi, 1947-1967
Panhard, yakavambwa muna 1887, ndeimwe yevagadziri vemotokari vekutanga munyika uyezve ndeimwe yeinonakidza kwazvo. Iyi ndiyo kambani yakatipa mudhiraivho, kozoti majeti ekumisa, uye mushure meHondo Yenyika II akawedzera imwe yeinjini dzinonyanya kufarira dzakamboitwa.
Pachokwadi, yaive maviri-cylinder flat engine ine macylinders maviri akachinjika ari kumativi akatarisana e crankshaft. Parizvino, kusimudzira kunozivikanwa sejini yebhokisi. Mainjiniya echiFrench akawedzera mhinduro dzepakutanga kune iyi air-yakatonhorera unit - mune mamwe mamodheru, semuenzaniso, mapombi ekuburitsa aivewo zvigadziriso.
Injini dzine misha kubva pa610 kusvika ku850 cc dzakashandiswa mune dzakasiyana mhando. cm uye simba kubva pamakumi mana kusvika makumi matanhatu emabhiza, inova yakanaka nguva yacho (injini iyi yakakunda kirasi yayo mumaawa makumi maviri nemana eLe Mans uye yakachengeta nzvimbo yechipiri mumusangano weMonte Carlo). Ivo vaiverengerwa seyakagadziridzwa uye nehupfumi nevaridzi.
Paingova nematambudziko maviri chete: chekutanga, aya maviri-humburumbira injini dzinodhura anopfuura mana-humburumbira injini uye dzaida kuomarara kugadzirisa. Kechipiri, Panhard akaigadzira iwo asingaremi aluminium coupe, uye mamiriro ehupfumi akaita aluminium inodhura. Iyo kambani yakapedza kuvapo kwayo uye yakatorwa neCitroen. Mubati wetsiva ane ma cylinders maviri akaita nhoroondo.
6 Commer / Rootes TS3, 1954-1968
Iyi isinganzwisisike 3,3-litre matatu-cylinder unit yakadzika munhoroondo pasi pezita remadunhurirwa rekuti Commer Knocker (kana "snitch"). Mudziyo wake, kuti uuise zvakapfava, hauna kujairika - ane mapistoni akatarisana, maviri muhumburumbira imwe neimwe, uye asina misoro yemasilinda. Nhoroondo inoyeuka mamwe mayuniti akafanana, asi ane maviri crankshafts, uye pano pane imwe chete.
Inofanira kuwedzerwa kuti iri-sitiroko uye inomhanya pane mafuta edhiziri.
Manufacturer Rootes Group vanotarisira kuti chikamu ichi chichapa mukana wakakura murori yeCommer uye mutsara wemabhazi. Iyo torque yakanaka chaizvo - asi mutengo uye kuoma kwetekinoroji kuri kuiburitsa kunze kwemusika.
7 Lanchester Twin-Crank Twin, 1900-1904
Iwe unogona kurangarira ichi chiratidzo kubva muchiitiko cheTop Gear, umo Hammond akatenga pamusika mota inonzi yakaunganidzwa nasekuru vake ndokumutora kumusangano we retro.
Muchokwadi, Lanchester yaive imwe yevatangi vekutanga muEngland, yakavambwa muna 1899. Yayo yekutanga injini, yakatangwa mukutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri, haina kujairika kwazvo: maviri-humburumbira mubhokisi ane huwandu hwemarita mana, asi aine mbiri crankshafts.
Iwo ari pasi peimwe, uye piston imwe neimwe ine matanda matatu ekubatanidza - maviri akareruka ekunze uye imwe inorema pakati. Iwo akareruka anoenda kune rimwe crankshaft, anorema anoenda kune rimwe, sezvaanotenderera akatarisana.
Mhedzisiro yacho ndeye 10,5 horsepower pa1250 rpm. uye kushaikwa kunoshamisa kwekudedera. Pasinei nemakore 120 enhoroondo, chikwata ichi chichiri chiratidzo cheinjiniya kunaka.
8 Cizeta V16T, 1991-1995
Imwe mota iyo, saiyo Veyron, yakasarudzika muinjini yayo. Iyo yemhando zita "V16", asi iyi 6-litre unit ine 560 simba rebhiza hachisi chaicho chaicho V16, asi maV8 chete maviri akabatana mune imwechete block uye kuva neyakajairika yekudyiwa yakawanda. Asi izvo hazviite kuti ave chero anopenga. Sezvo yakaiswa zvakachinjika, iyo yepakati shaft inoendesa iyo torque kune yekumashure kutapurirana.
Nhasi, idzi mota hadziwanzoitika, nekuti mashoma kwazvo makopi akagadzirwa. Mumwe wavo akaonekwa muLos Angeles. Muridzi wayo aifarira kuita ruzha munharaunda, kutanga injini, asi pane imwe nguva vatungamiriri vetsika vakatora mota.
9 Gobron-Brille, 1898–1922
Iyo Commer "snitch" yambotaurwa yakanyatso kufemerwa neaya maFrench anopikisa mapiston injini akaunganidzwa mukugadziriswa kwemaviri, mana uye kunyange matanhatu masilinda.
Mune maviri-humburumbira vhezheni, bhuroka rinoshanda seinotevera: maviri mapistoni anotyaira iyo crankshaft nenzira yechinyakare. Zvisinei, pakatarisana navo pane mamwe mapistoni akabatana, uye kubatana uku, zvakare, kunofambisa matanda marefu ekubatanidza akasungirirwa kune camshaft. Saka, matanhatu-humburumbira injini yeGobron-Brille ine gumi nemaviri mapistoni uye rimwe crankshaft.
10 Adams-Farvell, 1904-1913
Kunyangwe munyika yeanopenga mainjiniya mazano, iyi injini inomira pachena. Chikwata cheAdams-Farwell kubva kudhorobha diki rekurima muIowa, USA, chinoshanda pachimiro chemota inotenderera. The sepombi uye pisitoni mariri dziri kumativi mira crankshaft.
Pakati pezvakanaka zveiyi tekinoroji kushanda kwakanaka uye kusavapo kwekudzosera mafambiro. Makirindiro akamisikidzwa padenga ane mhepo-akadzora uye anoita semavhiri emhepo kana injini ichimhanya.
Kubatsira kwekugadzira kurema kwayo. Iyo 4,3-litre matatu-humburumbira yuniti inorema isingasviki zana makirogiramu, zvinoshamisa zvishoma pane iyo nguva. Mazhinji enjini idzi aishandiswa mukubhururuka nendege, kunyange hazvo mamwe madhudhudhu nemotokari zvakagadzirwawo neinjini dzemukati dzemoto. Pakati pezvakaipira, kunetsekana kwekukodza nekuda kwesimba re centrifugal mune crankcase, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kubvisa mafuta kubva kune zvinoriinjini.