1,2 HTP Injini - zvakanakira / kuipa, chii chekutarisa?

Zvichida mashoma injini mumatunhu edu anodhonza mvura yakawanda se1,2 HTP (pamwe chete 1,9 TDi). Veruzhinji vanomudaidza kwese kwese (kubva kwaari .. hakudhonze, kuburikidza nekutengesa, kune ngowani). Dzimwe nguva iwe unogona kunzwa zvisingaite zviitiko nezve ayo zvivakwa, asi kazhinji izvi zvinongova zvisina maturo, zvinowanzo kukonzerwa nekusaziva kwevaridzi kana vatori vechikamu munhaurirano. Ichokwadi kuti injini ine (yaive) nezvakawanda zvekukanganisa dhizaini, kana isina kuenzana neyakaremara dhizaini. Kune rimwe divi, vatyairi vazhinji havana kunzwisisa kuti vanoita basa rei chaizvo mumotokari yavo diki uye kumwe kudonha kana kumhanyisa kwakaitika nekuda kwechikonzero chimwe chete. Injini yakagadzirirwa madiki VW mhando. Kwete chete maererano nehoriyamu, asi zvakare maererano nemashandiro uye kunyanya dhizaini, mota inofanirwa kushandiswa kunyanya kutakurwa kwemaguta uye kuenda padanho rakasununguka. Mune mamwe mazwi, Fabia, Polo kana Ibiza ine HTP pasi pehodhi havasi uye havazombove varwi vemumigwagwa mikuru.

Vatyairi vazhinji vanoshamisika kuti chii chinoita kuti vagadziri vemotokari vaderedze huwandu hwemasilinda einjini. HTP haisiriyo yega injini yemacylinder matatu pamusika, Opel inewo matatu-cylinder unit muCorse yayo kana Toyota muAyga yayo semuenzaniso. Fiat ichangobva kuburitsa maviri-cylinder injini. Mhinduro yacho iri nyore. Kuderedza mitengo yekugadzira uye kuyedza kuburitsa yakaderera inobvira.

Injini ine humburumbira nhatu yakachipa kugadzira kana ichienzaniswa neyairi-humburumbira. Iine vhoriyamu yeinenge litre imwe, iyo matatu-humburumbira injini ine yakanakisa nzvimbo nzvimbo yemakamuri emoto. Mune mamwe mazwi, ine yakaderera kupisa kurasikirwa uye, mune yakadzikama mamiriro mashandiro pasina anowanzo kumhanyisa, inofanirwa kunge iine hunyanzvi hunyanzvi, i.e. mafuta akaderera. Nekuda kweiyo mashoma masirinda, panewo mashoma mafambiro ekufambisa uye nekudaro, zvine musoro, kurasikirwa kwayo kwekukonana zvakare kwakaderera.

Saizvozvo, injini torque inoenderanawo nesilinda inobereka uye nekudaro inotanga nekukasira neHTP pane inoenzanisirwa ina-humburumbira injini ine gearbox rimwe chete. Kutenda kupfupi kuperekedza, mota dzine injini yeOEM dzinotanga nekukurumidza kupfuura idzo dzine 1,4 16V kambani. Nehurombo, izvi zvinongoshanda chete kune kutanga uye kudzika kumhanya. Pakumhanya kwakakwirira, panotove nekushaikwa kwesimba reinjini, iro rinosimudzirwawo nehuremu hwakakosha hwemota diki. Zvakanyanya kunaka.

Pane zvinopesana, izvo zvakashata zvinosanganisira yakashata inomhanya tsika uye yakakosha vibrations. Nekudaro, matatu-humburumbira injini inoda yakakura uye inorema flywheel kuti iwedzere kushanda uye shaft shaft yekudzvinyisa vibrations (basa repamberi). Mukuita, chokwadi ichi (chakawandisa uremu) chinozviratidza mukugadzirira kushoma kwekumhanyisa mhanyisa uye, kune rimwe divi, mukudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma mukumhanya kweinjini inotenderera kana tsoka yabviswa kubva kune yekuwedzera yekuwedzera. Uye zvakare, iko kudikanwa kwekutenderera kweiyo flywheel uye yekuwedzera bharidhi shaft mukuwedzera kune kumhanyisa kwega kwega kunogona kumisazve uku kushanda kwepamusoro. Mune mamwe mazwi, nekumhanyisa kumhanyisa, iyo yekuyerera inoyerera inogona kuve yakatokwira kupfuura iyo kuyerera kweyakaenzana mana-humburumbira injini.

1,2 HTP bol mota zvakagadzirwa chaizvo kubva zero. Iyo block uye cylinder musoro inogadzirwa nealuminium alloy uye, zvichienderana neshanduro, maviri-vharuvhu kana mana-vhavha nguva inoshandiswa, inofambiswa neketani inorira uye gare gare cheni ine mazino. Kuti uchengetedze mutengo wekugadzira, akati wandei zvikamu (pisitoni, tsvimbo yekubatanidzamavharuvhu) rinoshandiswa kubva ku1598 cc ina-humburumbira injini yeboka (AEE) kubva pa111 kW EA 55 dzakateedzana, dzinozivikanwa nevatyairi vazhinji kubva kuOctavia yekutanga, Gorofu kana Felicia.

Chikonzero chikuru chekugadzira injini yaive yekukwikwidza nevakwikwidzi, sezvo Opel kana Toyota vakabudirira kushambadza matatu-litre, matatu-humburumbira (mana-humburumbira) makore mazhinji. Kune rimwe divi, iro VW Boka, ine mana-litre imwechete-humburumbira injini, haina kuwana mvura yakawanda, sezvo isina kupfuura kana musimba kana mukushandisa. Nehurombo, panguva yekuvandudzwa kweOEM, zvikanganiso zvakati wandei zvakaitika, izvo zvakatungamira mukunzwa kukuru kweinjini kunzira yekushandisa uye, semhedzisiro, kune njodzi yakawedzera yezvinetso zvehunyanzvi.

Zvikamu zvikuru zvinofamba zvinobva kune matatu-cylinder injini 1.2 12V (47 kW). Musiyano unonyanya kukosha kubva ku1.2 HTP (40 kW) injini ndiyo ina-vharuvhu yekugovera gasi michina ine maviri camshaft muhumburumbira musoro (2 x OHC).

Irregular injini inoshanda

Chekutanga pane zvese, tinogona kutaura zvichemo zvevatyairi vezvinhu zvisina kujairika uye zvisina kugadzikana. Mubvunzo unoratidzika kunge usinganetsi uyo unogona kuva nemhedzisiro ine mutengo kana usina kugadziriswa munguva. Kana tikasiya kuputsika kweiyo coil yekuvesa (chiitiko chakajairika pakutanga kwekugadzirwa), iko kusashanda kwakavanzwa mumagetsi evhavha. Kusagadzikana kusashanda kunowanzo kukonzerwa nekurasikirwa kwekumanikidza nekuda kwekudonha (kudonha) kwemavhavhu ekudzimisa. Aya mamiriro anotanga kuzviratidza pa rpm yakaderera, kana musanganiswa uine nguva yakawanda yekubuda kuburikidza nevhavha isina kukwana yakavharwa, uye mushure mekunge gasi rawedzerwa, mashandiro acho anowanzoenzana. Gare gare, dambudziko rakawedzerwa uye kusaenzana kwekufamba kunoonekwa mune yakakura kwazvo nzira yekumhanya.

Izvo zvinonzi "kufuridza" yevhavha zvinoreva kuwedzera kunetseka kwekupisa pavhavha pachayo uye nharaunda, iyo, zvakare, inotungamira kune kuvesa (deformation) yevhavha nechigaro chayo. Kana paine kuputsika kudiki, kugadzirisa kunobatsira (kugadzirisa masilinda emusoro zvigaro uye nekupa mavhavha matsva), asi kazhinji zvinove zvakafanira kutsiva humburumbira musoro pamwe chete nemavheji akapfuta. Izvo zvinofanirwa kuwedzerwa kuti kusashanda uku kwakajairika zvakanyanya nemusoro wechitanhatu-vharuvhu (40 kW / 106 Nm kana 44 kW / 108 Nm), iyo isina kugadzirwa muMlada Boleslav, asi yakatengwa kubva kune mamwe mafekitori eVolkswagen Boka.

Yokutanga Chikonzero chekusavimbana chingave chemusilinda musoro wakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvisina kusimba, acc. zvinhu zvinobva kunoitwa nemavharuvhu vatungamiriri. Kufanana nezvose, mavhavha anononoka kupera (iyo mvumo pakati pevhavha yevhavha uye nongedzo yayo inowedzera). Panzvimbo pekutsvedza inotsvedza, vharuvhu inonzi inodedera, izvo zvinoita kuti kunonoke kuvhara uye nekunyanyisa kupfeka (yakawedzera kudzoka). Kunonoka mukuvhara kunotungamira mukudzikira kwekumanikidza kumanikidza uye, semhedzisiro, kune isina kujairika injini kushanda.

yechipiri dambudziko rakanyanya kuomarara. Uku ndiko kupisa kwakanyanya kweinjini mafuta, kurasikirwa kwaro nemafuta, nezvimwe. matapeti kabhoni (hydraulic vharuvhu clearance delimitation). Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kabhoni inokwanisa kuvhara zvakakwana ma hydraulic tappets, ayo, pamwe chete nekudzokera shure kukuru muvhavha yevhavha, inoita kuti izununguke panguva yekufamba uye zvobva zvabatwa.

Nei kabhoni ichiumbwa? Injini ye1,2 HTP inopisa mafuta zvakanyanya uye kazhinji inopisa kusvika ku140-150 ° C pasi pemitoro yepamusoro (iine HTP inomhanyawo pane yakajairwa mota kumhanya). Inogadzirirwa mana-humburumbira injini dzeiyo imwecheteyo chinzvimbo kupisa mafuta kusvika pakukwira kusvika 110-120 ° C, kunyangwe kumhanya kwazvo. Nekudaro, mune kesi ye 1,2 HTP injini, injini yemafuta inopisa, izvo zvinokonzeresa kukurumidza kudzikira muzvivakwa zvepakutanga. Yakawanda kabhoni inogadzirwa muinjini, inoisa pane, semuenzaniso, mavhavha kana majekiseni emagetsi uye inogumira mashandiro avo. Iyo yakawedzera huwandu hwekabhoni inowedzerawo kupfeka pane zvemuchina zvikamu zveinjini.

Iyo tembiricha yemafuta einjini mune matatu-cylinder injini iri pamusimboti yakakwira, nekuti inotemerwa nechiyero chepamusoro chekutamiswa kweinjini kune yakazara kupisa nzvimbo yekutsinhana. Nekudaro, ichi chokwadi chakavakirwa pamuviri hachiwedzere tembiricha zvekuti inosvika tembiricha yakakwira zvakadaro kana ichienzaniswa neinjini yechina-cylinder. Chikonzero chikuru chekupisa kwemafuta zvakanyanya inzvimbo yecatalyst yakananga pamusoro peiyo huru nzira yemafuta mublock. Nokudaro, mafuta anopisa kwete chete kubva mukati mejini, asiwo kubva kunze - nekuda kwekushisa kwemagasi emhepo. Mukuwedzera, kusiyana nemamwe mayuniti ekunetseka, hapana mafuta anotonhorera, anonzi. mvura-ku-oiri inopisa inopisa, kana zvishoma inonzi cube, i.e. aluminium air-oil heat exchanger, inova chikamu chemafuta sefa inobata. Zvinosuruvarisa, munyaya ye 1,2 HTP injini, izvi hazvigoneki nekuda kwekushaya nzvimbo, sezvo isingakodzeri ipapo. Iyo imwe nzvimbo isingafadzi yenzvimbo inoshandura inoshandura imba padivi peinjini yealuminium block, uko nzira huru yemafuta inofamba nemubhuroko, yakagadziriswa nemugadziri muna 2007 nekuvandudzwa kudiki. Injini dzakagamuchira chidziviriro chekudzivirira kupisa pakati peiyo catalytic converter uye cylinder block. Zvinosuruvarisa, izvi hazvina kunyatsogadzirisa dambudziko rekupisa.

Rimwe dambudziko rakakosha nemavharuvhu rinogona kukonzereswa nechimwe chikonzero, chikonzero chayo chinofanira kutsvaga zvakare mune zvinokonzeresa. Sezvo iri kungori kuseri kwepombi dzemuswe, inopisa zvakanyanya pasi pekuwedzera mutoro. Nekudaro, kutonhora kwechinogadzirisa kunogadziriswa nekufumisa musanganiswa, izvo zvakare zvinoreva kuwedzera kushandiswa. Saka kwete chete marefu ekumhanyisa, asi kutonhorera kwechinhu chinoreva iyo 1,2 HTP iri kudya huswa padhuze nemugwagwa mukuru. Kunyangwe kutonhora nemusanganiswa wakapfuma, iyo inowedzera ichiri kupisa. Kuwedzeredza kupisa, pamwe nekuwedzera kweinjini, uye kwakatungamira mukuburitswa zvishoma nezvishoma kwezvikamu zvidiki kubva kuchinhu chinokonzeresa. Ivo vanobva vadzokera kuinjini panguva yeinjini braking, uko kwavanogona zvakare kukuvadza mavharuvhu uye mavhavhari matipi. Dambudziko iri rakangogadziriswa pakupera kwa2009 / 2010. (Nekuuya kweEuro 5), apo mugadziri paakatanga kuunganidza chinowedzera kupisa-chinodzivirira, umo mativi nedura resaga hazvina kupukunyuka kubva pakati kana pamitoro yepamusoro. Mugadziri anopawo kit yeakare injini dzakakanganisika, idzo, kuwedzera kune humburumbira musoro, mavhavha, majekiseni emagetsi nemabhaudhi, zvakare ine inotungamira ine chinogadziriswa chinogadzirisa, kubva kwayavezwa huremu hwakawandisa.

Yetatu Carbon deposits inogona kukonzerwa neyakavharika vharafu vharuvhu. Yekutanga 12-vharafu mamodheru aive akashongedzerwa neyekudzimisa gasi yekudzora vharuvhu. Nekudaro, kudzoka kwemweya wekudzimisa pakudya kwakasiyana kwakaitika padhuze kuseri kwevhavha yekurovera, zvekuti kutenderera kwemweya wekubvisa munzvimbo idzi kwakatungamira mukuvhara kweiye mushe nekabhoni. Kazhinji, mushure memakumi emakumi ezviuru zvemakiromita, vharuvhu yekudonha haisvike panzvimbo isina basa. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kuchinja, asi zvinosuwisa kwete izvo chete. Kana iyo microswitch isina basa isina kubatana, iyo yekumisikidza kuramba potentiometer inoramba yakapihwa simba, iyo inogona pakupedzisira kukuvadza chinobuda chinhanho chechikamu chekutonga. Naizvozvo, mune kesi yemakore ekutanga ekushanda, ayo ane EGR vharuvhu, zvinokurudzirwa zvakasimba kuti ubvise uye unyatsochenesa damper makiromita zviuru makumi mashanu. Injini 50, 000 uye kumusoro ne40 kW haisisina dambudziko rekudzimisa gasi yekudzora vharuvhu.

  

Matambudziko enguva yenguva

Imwe dambudziko rehunyanzvi, kunyanya pakutanga kwekugadzira, yaive yekugovera ketani drive. Zvinoshamisa, nekuti tinoverenga kakawanda kuti bhandi rine mazino rakatsiviwa neketani isina kugadzirisa. Zvechokwadi "vatyairi veŠkoda" vekare vanoyeuka mutsara wekuti "giya rechitima", iyo yaiva chikamu chekugadzirisa nguva ye Škoda OHV injini. Dambudziko rakangomuka raive rakawedzera ruzha nekuda kwetension yecheni pachayo. Pamwe pakanga pasina kutaurwa nezvekusvetuka kana kutyora.

Zvisinei, izvi hazviitiki ne 1,2 HTP injini, kunyanya mumakore ekutanga. Iyo hydraulic timing cheni tensioner inomhanya yakarebesa uye isina kudzvanywa kwemafuta inogona kugadzira mutambo unosvetuka cheni kana uchitanga. Uye isu tiri zvakare muhutano hwemafuta, nokuti izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana mafuta akanganisa nekuda kwekupisa kwepamusoro, ndiko kuti, yakakura, uye pombi haina nguva yekuipa kune tensioner munguva. Cheni inogona kuyambutswa kunyangwe mota yakamira pamateru mabhureki chete nekumhanya kwakasarudzwa / mhando kana pakave nezviitiko apo mabhaudhi evhiri akasimbiswa apo mota yakavharwa uye mavhiri akabhurwa chete pamhando yakatarwa - kana motokari yakasimwa zvakasimba pasi . Matambudziko eketani yenguva anogona kuratidzwa nekuwedzera ruzha - iyo inonzi inotinhira kana kurira kwekurira kana idling yakaoma (injini inotenderera ingangoita 1000-2000 rpm) uye yobva yaburitsa accelerator pedal. Kana cheni ikasvetuka mazino 1 kana maviri, injini inogona kutangwa, asi inomhanya zvisizvo uye kazhinji inoperekedzwa nemwenje wakavhenekerwa. Kana cheni ichiwedzera kuputika, injini haisati yatanga, resp. pashure penguva yakati ichabuda, uye kana cheni ikatsvedza netsaona uchityaira, kutinhira kunowanzonzwika uye injini ichadzima. Panguva ino, kukuvara kwatova kuuraya: akakotama matanda ekubatanidza, mavharuvhu akabhenda, musoro wakatsemuka kana mapistoni akakuvadzwa. 

Ziva zvakare kuongorora kweye mhosho mameseji. Kana, semuenzaniso, injini ichimhanya zvisina kujairika, kumhanya kuchinyanya uye chirwere chikaongorora kusashanda kwechinhu chisina kukodzera muvharo, haisi sensor inokanganisa ine mhosva, asi ingori zino kana dunhu risipo. Dai iyo sensor yakangotsiviwa uye mota ichimhanya, paizove nenjodzi huru yedunhu richisvetuka nemhedzisiro inouraya yeinjini.

Nekufamba kwenguva, mugadziri akatanga kugadzirisa mota, semuenzaniso nekugadzirisa vanokanganisa kufamba kushoma kana nekurebesa njanji. Kune 44 kW (108 Nm) uye 51 kW (112 Nm) shanduro, mugadziri akachinja injini uye dambudziko rakabviswa zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, aigona kubvisa zvachose zvipuka chete muna July 2009, apo `` Skoda '' injini zvakare akachinja injini (kurema crankshaft rakaderedzwawo) uye gungano cheni giya akatanga. Iyo inotsiva ine chinetso chekubatanidza cheni, iyo ine yakaderera michini kuramba, yakaderera ruzha mazinga uye, zvakanyanya kukosha, yepamusoro kushanda kuvimbika. Izvo zvinofanirwa kuwedzerwa kuti iyo nguva yeketani yenguva yaive yakanyanya kuenderana neshanduro ine simba kwazvo ye47 kW (yakanyanya isingasviki 51 kW).

Ruzivo urwu rwunotungamira kupi? Usati watenga tikiti ine 1,2 HTP injini, unofanirwa kunyatsoteerera iko kushanda kweinjini. Kana zvichibvira, zvakanakisa kudzivirira gore rekutanga kana iwe usinganyatso ziva muridzi, mashandiro ake maitiro uye nemhando yekutyaira, zvichiteerana. injini haina kuongororwa zvakanaka. Munguva yekugadzira maitiro, iwo mauniti akagadziridzwa zvishoma nezvishoma, kuvimbika kwakawedzera. Dzakanyanya kuvandudzwa dzakaitwa muna Chikunguru 2009 pakaiswa cheni yemazino, muna 2010 (Euro 5 emission standard) pakaiswazve chinja chakasimba, uye munaNovember 2011 pakagadzirwa injini ye6 kW imwechete yekamuri ... Iyo 44-vharuvhu vhezheni yapera. Iyo yakatsiviwa ne12-vhezheni vhezheni ine yakafanana 44 kW kuburitsa. Kumwe kuwedzera kunatsurudzwa kwakaitwawo kunjiniya michina uye kudzora zvemagetsi (yakagadziridzwa yekudyira uye yekuzadza mapaipi, crankshaft, nyowani yekudzora yuniti, yakavandudzwa kutanga mubatsiri iyo inojekesa kutanga kwe clutch kuburitsa torque, uye kuwedzera kudiki kwekusashanda kwekumhanyisa) kugadzirisa mashandiro. tsika nemagariro. Iyo yakasimba kwazvo vhezheni ine max. Simba re55 kW uye torque ye112 Nm. Injini dzakaburitswa munaNovember 2011 dzakatozivikanwa nekuvimbika kwakanaka uye pasina chero chakakosha kutaura kunogona kukurudzirwa kutyaira uchitenderera guta nenzvimbo dzakatenderedza.

Kana iwe uri muridzi weinjini ye1,2 HTP, rangarira kuti injini yeHTP yakagadzirirwa basa ripi uye shandisa mota sezvatsanangurwa munhanganyaya yechinyorwa chino. Zvinokurudzirwawo kudzikisa nguva dzekuchinja oiri kusvika kunosvika 10 km, uye kana iri nguva zhinji nzendo dzemotokari, kusvika 000 7500 km. Hapana mari yekuwedzera, sezvo mafuta einjini ari 2,5 litres chete. Uyezve, kana injini ichinyanya kusimbiswa, hapana chikonzero chekushandura mafuta anokurudzirwa nemugadziri maererano neSAE standard (5W-30 al. 5W-40) kusvika ku5W-50W-XNUMX viscosity grade. Oiri iyi yatove mutete zvakaringana kuzadza iyo isina kusimba nguva cheni tensioner uye hydraulic tappets nekukurumidza uye nekufamba kwenguva, panguva imwe chete ichimira yakawandisa yekupisa kushushikana.

Sevhisi - yakasvetuka cheni yenguva 1,2 HTP 47 kW