Kutenga kwa batri yamagalimoto ndi magetsi: ayenera kukhala chiyani?

Zizindikiro zofunika za batri yosungira ndi mphamvu yake, mphamvu yamagetsi ndi ma electrolyte. Ntchito ndi magwiridwe antchito a chipangizocho zimatengera iwo. M'galimoto, batire limapereka zotchinga zatsopano poyambira kuti ayambe injini ndikupatsanso makina amagetsi pakufunika. Chifukwa chake, kudziwa magwiridwe antchito a batri lanu ndikusunga magwiridwe ake ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse momwe galimoto yonse ilili.

Mphamvu yamagetsi

Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone tanthauzo la mawu oti "voteji". Kwenikweni, uku ndiko "kukakamiza" kwa ma elekitironi omwe amalipiritsa omwe amapangidwa ndi gwero lamakono kudzera pa waya (waya). Ma electron amachita ntchito yothandiza (kuyatsa mababu, magetsi, ndi zina). Mphamvu imayesedwa mu Volts.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito multimeter kuti muyese batire yamagetsi. Ma probes olumikizana ndi chipangizowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa batri. Poyambira, magetsi a 12V amawerengedwa kuti ndi achizolowezi. Mpweya weniweni wa batri uyenera kukhala pakati pa 12,6V -12,7V. Izi ndizizindikiro za batri wokwanira.

Ziwerengerozi zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera momwe zachilengedwe zilili komanso nthawi yoyesa. Mukangomaliza kulipiritsa, chipangizocho chitha kuwonetsa 13V - 13,2V. Ngakhale mfundo izi zimawerengedwanso kuti ndi zovomerezeka. Kuti mupeze deta yolondola, muyenera kudikirira ola limodzi kapena awiri mutalipiritsa.

Ngati magetsi atsikira pansi pa volts 12, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa kutulutsa kwa batri. Mtengo wamagetsi ndi mulingo woyenera titha kuyerekezera malinga ndi tebulo lotsatira.

Voteji, Volt	Mtengo wolipiritsa,%
12,6 +	100
12,5	90
12,42	80
12,32	70
12,20	60
12,06	50
11,9	40
11,75	30
11,58	20
11,31	10
10,5	0

Monga mukuwonera patebulopo, magetsi omwe ali pansi pa 12V akuwonetsa kutulutsa kwa batri 50%. Batire imafunika kuyambiranso mwachangu. Muyenera kudziwa kuti pakutsitsa, masulidwe a mbaleyo amapezeka. Kuchuluka kwake kwa madontho a electrolyte. Sulfuric acid imatha chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Mitundu ya sulphate yotsogolera pama mbale. Kubweza kwakanthawi kumayambitsa njirayi mbali ina. Ngati muloleza kutulutsa kozama, batiri likhala lovuta kukhalanso ndi moyo. Itha kulephera kwathunthu, kapena kutaya kwambiri mphamvu.

Mphamvu zochepa zomwe batire limatha kugwira ntchito zimawerengedwa kuti ndi 11,9 Volts.

Yodzaza ndi kutsitsa

Ngakhale pamagetsi otsika, batri limatha kuyambitsa injini. Chofunikira ndikuti pambuyo pake jenereta amatenga batiri. Poyambitsa injini, batire limapereka chiwongolero chachikulu kwa oyambitsa, pomwe chimatayika kwambiri. Ngati batriyo ili yathanzi, chindapacho chimabwezeretsedwanso kuzinthu zochepa mkati mwa masekondi asanu.

Mphamvu yamagetsi pa batri yatsopano iyenera kukhala pakati pa 12,6 - 12,9V, koma izi sizimawonetsa batri nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, pakupuma, osagwiritsa ntchito olumikizidwa, ma voliyumu ali mkati mwazizolowezi, koma pansi pa katundu amagwa mwamphamvu ndipo chiwongolero chimatha msanga. Izi zikhoza kukhala.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake miyezo imanyamulidwa. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito chida monga plug plug. Kuyesaku kukuwonetsa ngati batri ikugwira kapena ayi.

Pulagiyo imakhala ndi voltmeter, ma probes olumikizana ndi coil yonyamula mnyumbamo. Chipangizocho chimapanga kulimbana kwaposachedwa kwamphamvu batire kawiri, kufanizira poyambira pano. Mwachitsanzo, ngati batire lili 50A * h, ndiye kuti chipangizocho chimanyamula batire mpaka 100A. Chinthu chachikulu ndikusankha kukana koyenera. Ngati 100A idapitilira, padzafunika kulumikiza ma coil awiri olimbana kuti mupeze zolondola.

Miyeso yolemetsa imatengedwa ndi batri wokwanira. Chipangizocho chimachitika masekondi 5, kenako zotsatira zake zalembedwa. Voltage imagwera pansi. Ngati batriyo ili bwino, igwera pama volts 10 ndipo pang'onopang'ono imapezanso ma volts 12,4 ndi pamwambapa. Ngati magetsi agwera ku 9V ndi pansipa, ndiye kuti batire siligwira ndipo ndi lolakwika. Ngakhale mutatha kulipiritsa, zitha kuwonetsa zoyenera - 12,4 V kapena kupitilira apo.

Mphamvu ya Electrolyte

Mulingo wamagetsi ukuwonetsanso kuchuluka kwa electrolyte. Electrolyte yokha ndi chisakanizo cha 35% sulfuric acid ndi 65% yamadzi osungunuka. Tanena kale kuti kuchuluka kwa asidi wa sulfuric kumachepa mukamatuluka. Kukula kwake kumachepetsa, kutsika kwake kumakhala kotsika. Zizindikirozi ndizogwirizana.

Kuyesa kachulukidwe ka electrolyte ndi zakumwa zina, chida chapadera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito - hydrometer. Munthawi yabwinobwino, ndimphamvu zonse za 12,6V - 12,7V komanso kutentha kwa mpweya wa 20-25 ° C, kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa 1,27 g / cm3 - 1,28 g / cm3.

Tebulo lotsatirali likuwonetsa kuchuluka kwake motsutsana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolipiritsa.

Kuchuluka kwa Electrolyte, g / cm3	Mulingo woyang'anira,%
1,27 - 1,28	100
1,25	95
1,24	90
1,23	80
1,21	70
1,20	60
1,19	50
1,17	40
1,16	30
1,14	20
1,13	10

Kutalika kwachulukidwe, batire limatha kuzizira kwambiri. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yovuta kwambiri, komwe kutentha kumatsikira mpaka -30 ° C ndi pansi, kuchuluka kwa electrolyte kumakwezedwa mpaka 1,30 g / cm3 powonjezera asidi wa sulfuric. Kuchulukitsitsa kwakukulu kumatha kukwezedwa mpaka 1,35 g / cm3. Ngati ndiwokwera, asidi amayamba kuwononga mbale ndi zinthu zina.

Chithunzichi pansipa chikuwonetsa kuwerengera kwama hydrometer pamatenthedwe osiyanasiyana:

Nthawi yachisanu

M'nyengo yozizira, madalaivala ambiri zimawavuta kuyambitsa injini kutentha kukamatsika. Batire limasiya kugwira ntchito mokwanira. Okonda magalimoto ena amachotsa batiri usiku umodzi ndikusiya kutenthetsa. M'malo mwake, ikadzaza mokwanira, magetsi samatsika, koma amatuluka.

Kutentha kozizira kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa electrolyte ndi mawonekedwe ake. Mukadzaza mokwanira, batire limatha kupirira mosavuta chisanu, koma kuchuluka kwake kumachepa, pamakhala madzi ambiri ndipo ma electrolyte amatha kuzizira. Njira zamagetsi zimachedwa pang'onopang'ono.

Pa -10 ° C -15 ° C, batiri yoyendetsa ikhoza kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa 12,9V. Izi si zachilendo.

Pa -30 ° C, mphamvu ya batri imachepetsedwa ndi theka mwadzina. Voliyumu imagwa mpaka 12,4V pamlingo wa 1,28 g / cm3. Komanso, batire limasiya kubweza kuchokera ku jenereta yomwe ili kale pa -25 ° C.

Monga mukuwonera, kutentha koyipa kumatha kukhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a batri.

Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, batri lamadzi limatha zaka 5-7. M'nyengo yotentha, mulingo woyenera ndi kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa kamodzi pamiyezi iwiri kapena itatu. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwapakati -10 ° C, mlanduwo uyenera kuyang'aniridwa kamodzi pamasabata awiri kapena atatu. Mu chisanu choopsa -25 ° C-35 ° C, ndibwino kuti mubwezeretse batiri masiku asanu aliwonse, ngakhale mutayenda pafupipafupi.