Kuchotsa chozizira. Kusintha liti

Ndi liti ndipo ndichifukwa chiyani chozizira chiyenera kusinthidwa? Zotsatira zakusintha kosayembekezereka, zosankhidwa molakwika kapena kuwotchera kwapamwamba ndizotani? Kodi m'malo coolant nokha? Mayankho a mafunso awa apezeka.

Chifukwa chiyani mukufunikira kuzizira m'galimoto?

Kuchokera pa dzinali zikuwonekeratu kuti ntchito yaikulu yamadzimadzi ndiyo kuziziritsa. Ndi chiyani kwenikweni chomwe chimayenera kuziziritsidwa ndipo chifukwa chiyani?

Pamene injini ikugwira ntchito, kutentha kwakukulu kumatulutsidwa, makamaka panthawi yoponderezedwa, pamene kutentha kwa ma cylinders kufika 2500 °, popanda kuzirala, injiniyo imatha kutentha ndikulephera mphindi zochepa. Komanso, antifreeze imasunga kutentha kwa injini, komwe kumapangitsa kuti injini yoyaka moto ikhale yabwino kwambiri komanso chuma chambiri. "Kuzizira" kuli ndi ubwino wachiwiri - kupereka mkati mwa galimoto ndi kutentha pamene chitofu chayatsidwa, chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka kuzizira kupyolera mu kutentha. Choncho, antifreeze:

• kuzizira;
• amasunga kutentha kwakukulu kwa mota;
• amateteza kutenthedwa.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito yozizira ndiyosavuta: injini ili ndi njira zotchedwa jekete yozizira. Pakufika kutentha, kutentha kumatseguka, ndipo pampu yamadzi ikapanikizika imapereka madzi ku injini, pambuyo pake imatenthetsa ndikudutsa mu radiator, ndikulowanso mu ICE utakhazikika kale. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yake yayikulu, antifreeze imapereka zinthu zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri, zimathetsa mapangidwe a sikelo, zili ndi mafuta omwe amafunikira kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali komanso pampu.

Mitundu ndi kusiyana kwa ozizira

Lero pali mitundu itatu yozizira, iliyonse yomwe imasiyana mikhalidwe, utoto, moyo wautumiki ndi kapangidwe kake:

• G11 - antifreeze yachikhalidwe, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto apanyumba, komanso magalimoto akunja, pomwe injini idapangidwa kuti ikhale yolemetsa, ndipo kutentha kwake sikupitilira madigiri 90. G11 ili ndi ma silicates ndi zinthu zina mu mawonekedwe a inorganic additives. Chodabwitsa chawo ndi chakuti antifreeze yotere imapereka filimu wandiweyani pamwamba pazigawo zozizira zomwe zimateteza ku dzimbiri. Ngati choziziritsa chisanu sichinalowe m'malo mwa nthawi, filimuyo imataya katundu wake, imasandulika mpweya, womwe umachepetsa kutulutsa kwa dongosolo, kutseka njira. Ndibwino kuti musinthe zoziziritsa kukhosi zaka 2 zilizonse kapena 70 km iliyonse, lamulo lomwelo limagwira ntchito ku mtundu wa TOSOL, womwe uli ndi katundu wofanana;
• G12 - ili ndi dzina loziziritsa, lomwe limapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa organic acid (carboxylic). Antifreeze iyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi matenthedwe abwino, koma sapereka filimu yoteteza yofanana ndi G11. Apa, corrosion inhibitors amagwira ntchito molunjika, zikachitika, amatumizidwa ku foci, kuteteza kufalikira kwa dzimbiri. Pakapita nthawi, zinthu zoziziritsa kuziziritsa komanso zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri zimatayika, motero, madziwo amasintha mtundu, motero, malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito G12 amakhazikitsidwa kwa zaka zosaposa 5 kapena 25 km. Lamuloli limagwiranso ntchito kwa hybrid antifreezes (G00) + ndi carboxylate antifreezes (G000 ++);
• G13 - m'badwo waposachedwa kwambiri padziko lonse wa zoziziritsa kukhosi, zotchedwa lobrid. Zimasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya antifreeze chifukwa maziko ake apa ndi propylene glycol (ena onse ali ndi ethylene glycol). Izi zikutanthauza kuti G13 ndi yokonda zachilengedwe komanso yapamwamba kwambiri. Ubwino waukulu wamadzimadzi otere ndi kuthekera kosunga kutentha kwa injini zamakono zodzaza kwambiri, pomwe moyo wautumiki umasiyanasiyana kuyambira zaka 5 mpaka 10, imawonedwa ngati "yamuyaya" - kwa moyo wonse wautumiki.

Posintha zoletsa kuwuma mu injini

Makina aliwonse amakhala ndi malamulo ake osonyeza mtundu wa chozizira ndi nyengo yobwezeretsa. Mukamamatira pamavuto a fakitare, ndikudzaza mafuta oletsa kutentha, mudzatha kutalikitsa moyo wamagawo ozizira, komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti mafuta akuyenda bwino. Kuphatikiza pa malamulowo, pamakhala milandu yodabwitsa kwambiri pakakhala kofunikira kwambiri kuti musinthe chozizira. 

Kutentha kwa injini

Zikakhala kuti pali chidaliro pakugwiritsa ntchito mpope wamadzi, imodzi, ma radiator ndi kapu ya tanki yowonjezerera yokhala ndi valavu yampweya, koma injini imatenthedwa, chifukwa chimakhala chozizira. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zozizira sizilimbana ndi kuzizira:

• nthawi yantchito yoletsa kuwuma yatha, siyopereka mafuta ndi mafuta;
• khalidwe la zoletsa kuwuma kapena zoletsa kuwuma;
• gawo lolakwika lamadzi osungunuka okhala ndi madzi oletsa kutentha (madzi ochulukirapo);
• ozizira osakwanira m'dongosolo.

Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe zatchulidwazi chimabweretsa kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu ndi chuma cha injini zimachepa, ndipo chiwopsezo cha kulephera kwa magetsi chimakulanso kangapo ndi digiri iliyonse.

Injini sikufikira kutentha kwa opaleshoni

Chifukwa chagona pakulakwitsa kwa madzi kuti ateteze mpweya. Nthawi zambiri, eni magalimoto molakwika amatsanulira zowoneka bwino kwambiri m'dongosolo lomwe limasungabe zomwe sizikhala ndi -80 °. Pachifukwa ichi, injini sidzatha kutentha mpaka kutentha; komanso, pali chiopsezo chowononga mawonekedwe azigawo zoziziritsa kukhosi.

Phukusi lililonse lokhala ndi chidwi limakhala ndi tebulo laling'ono, mwachitsanzo: chidwi sichimaundana pa -80 °, pomwe chiŵerengero ndi madzi osungunuka ndi 1: 1, malowa amachepetsa kuchokera -40 °. Nkofunika kuganizira dera la galimoto, ngati m'nyengo yozizira kutentha sikumangotsika pansi -30 °, ndiye kuti mukhale chete, mutha kusakaniza zakumwa 1: 1. Komanso, "ozizira" okonzeka amapangidwa kuti apewe zolakwazo.

Ngati mwangozi mwatsanulira madzi oyera, ndiye kuti muyenera kukhetsa theka mu chidebe kuti mulowetse m'malo ena, ndikuwonjezera madzi omwewo. Kuti mukhale odalirika, gwiritsani ntchito ma hydrometer omwe akuwonetsa kuzizira kwa kozizira.

Dzimbiri

Njira yosasangalatsa yomwe imawononga osati kuziziritsa kokha, komanso injiniyo. Zinthu ziwiri zimathandizira pakupanga dzimbiri:

• Pali madzi okha m'dongosolo, osasungunuka;
• kusowa kwa zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri mu "chiller".

Nthawi zambiri, njira yofananira imawonedwa pochotsa injini zamagalimoto aku Soviet, omwe amayendetsa njira yawo yambiri pamadzi. Choyamba, ma depositi amapangika, siteji yotsatira ndi dzimbiri, ndipo pakapita patsogolo, "amadya" khoma pakati pa jekete yozizira ndi ngalande yamafuta, komanso zomangira ma silinda. 

Dzimbiri likachitika, muyenera kutsitsa makinawa ndi mankhwala ena apadera omwe angakuthandizeni kuti muwonongeke, pambuyo pake ndikofunikira kudzaza antifreeze yotsimikizika kwambiri.

Mtsinje

Mapangidwe a matope atha kukhala chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo:

• moyo wozizira wa wozizilitsa wapitilira;
• kusakaniza kusakanikirana ndi madzi osapatsidwa mankhwala;
• yamphamvu yamphamvu yamenyedwa mutu, chifukwa mafuta ndi mpweya zimalowa m'malo ozizira.

Ngati vutoli ladziwika, pamafunika kusintha madzi mwachangu ndi kuthira madzi. 

Kodi kusinthako kumafunikira kangati

Ngakhale malamulo a wopanga magalimoto amalamula, ndibwino kusintha madzimadzi nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi 25% koyambirira kuposa tsiku lomaliza. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti panthawiyi mpope umasintha kamodzi, madziwo amatuluka, kenako amatsanuliranso m'dongosolo. Munthawi imeneyi, antifreeze amakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kuti asafe, kutaya katundu wake. Komanso, nthawi yolowera m'malo imakhudzidwa ndimayendedwe oyendetsa, dera logwirira ntchito, komanso malo (mawonekedwe amzindawu kapena matawuni). Ngati galimoto imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumzinda, ndiye kuti oziziritsa amafunika kusinthidwa pafupipafupi.

Momwe mungakhetse ozizira

Kutengera kapangidwe ka injini, pali njira zingapo:

• kukhetsa ndi kachizindikiro pa rediyeta;
• kudzera pa valavu yomwe ili mu silinda yamphamvu;
• pamene mukutsitsa chitoliro cha radiator chakumunsi.

Kuda ndondomeko:

• konzekera injini kutentha 40 madigiri;
• tsegulani chivundikiro cha thanki lokulitsa;
• galimotoyo iyenera kukhala yolingana!;
• sinthanitsani chidebe cha voliyumu yofunikira yamadzimadzi, ndizosatheka kukhetsa chozizira pansi;
• kutengera kusintha kwa injini, timayamba kukhetsa "slurry" yakale;
• ndi mphamvu yokoka, madziwo amatulutsa kuchuluka kwa 60-80%, kuti atsimikizire ngalande zonse, kutseka chivundikiro cha tanki yowonjezera, kuyambitsa injini ndikuyatsa chitofu ndi mphamvu yonse, chifukwa madzi ena onse omwe akupanikizika adzaphulika.

Kuthamangitsa makina oziziritsa injini

Ndikofunika kutsitsa dongosolo lozizira nthawi zingapo:

• kusinthira ku mtundu wina wa antifreeze kapena wopanga wina;
• injini inali kuyenda pamadzi;
• moyo wozizira wa wozizilitsa wapitilira;
• chidindo chawonjezedwa pamakina kuti athetse kutuluka kwa radiator.

Monga kutsuka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiiwale za njira "zachikale" ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafomu apadera omwe amakhala ndi zotsukira ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera. Mwachitsanzo, pali zida zosamba zofewa kwa mphindi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu chachiwirizi: Pa gawo loyamba, ndikofunikira kukhetsa madzi akale, lembani botolo la zotsukira poyambira, onjezerani madzi oyera. Injini iyenera kuthamanga pafupifupi theka la ola kutentha kwa madigiri 5. Dongosololi limayeretsedwa kukula ndi dzimbiri.

Gawo lachiwiri limaphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwa mafuta ndi zinthu zowola zoziziritsa kukhosi. Ndikofunikira kukhetsa madzi kuchokera pachimake choyambirira ndikupanganso mawonekedwe atsopano. Injini imayenda mwachangu kwa mphindi 30, madziwo atatsanulidwa, timadzaza makinawo ndi madzi oyera ndikuwasiya kuti ayende kwa mphindi 15 zina.

Zotsatira zake ndizozizira kwambiri, kusakhalapo kwa dzimbiri, kuthandizira kwazinthu zomwe zimayikidwa mu antifreeze yatsopano.

Kusintha kozizira: malangizo ndi sitepe

M'malo coolant, tiyenera:

• zida zochepa;
• chidebe chamadzimadzi;
• madzi atsopano mu voliyumu yofunikira;
• seti ya flushing ngati kuli kofunikira;
• madzi osungunuka 5 malita okuthira;
• magetsi;

Njira zosinthira ndi izi:

• tsatirani malangizo amomwe mungakhetsere madzi akale;
• ngati kuli kotheka, thambitsani dongosolo monga tafotokozera pamwambapa;
• kukhetsa madzi amadzimadzi akale, kuwona kudalirika kwa kulumikizana kwa mapaipi ozizira komanso kulimba kwa matepi;
• ngati mwagula madzi osakanikirana komanso osungunuka, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwake kumafunikira, komwe mumayang'ana ndi hydrometer. Mukafika pamalire ofunidwa pamalire ozizira, pitilizani;
• tsegulani chivundikiro cha thanki lokulitsa ndikudzaza madziwo mpaka kufika pachimake;
• tsekani chivundikirocho, yambani injini, yatsani chitofu kuti mufike pazitali, ziziyenda mwachangu komanso mwachangu, koma osalola kutentha kukwera kupitirira 60 °;
• tsegulani chivindikiro ndikukwera pamwamba mpaka chizindikiro chachikulu, bwerezani ndondomekoyi, ndipo madzi akasiya kuchoka mu thanki, dongosololi lidzadzaza.

Mukachotsa choziziritsira, dongosololi limapumidwa; kuti muchotse mpweya, muyenera kukanikiza chitoliro chapamwamba chozizira ndi thanki kapena kapu ya rediyeta yotseguka. Mudzawona m'mene thovu la mpweya limatulukira "lozizira", ndipo kusowa kwa mpweya kudzawonetsedwa ndi mapaipi wandiweyani omwe ndi ovuta kufinya. 

Mulingo woyenera

Wopanga zoziziritsa kukhosi, zomwe zimafewetsa, amawonetsa mawonekedwe a ozizira malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi. Kodi mukufuna madzi ochuluka motani kuti musunge mafuta ozizira? Moti malo ozizira ali ndi malire a madigiri 10 kuposa momwe mungathere m'dera lanu. 

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi ndiyenera kutsitsa dongosolo lozizira posintha chozizira? Akatswiri amalangiza kuthamangitsa makinawo, chifukwa zotsalira za antifreeze zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi choziziritsa chatsopano ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake.

Momwe mungasinthire bwino antifreeze m'galimoto? Madzi akale amachotsedwa pa radiator ndi cylinder block (ngati amaperekedwa ndi mapangidwe ake) ndipo amatsanuliridwa chatsopano. Poyamba, voliyumu iyenera kuwonjezeredwa.

Ndi chiyani chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choziziritsa? Antifreeze kapena antifreeze (iliyonse ili ndi mitundu ingapo). Ngati kuwonongeka kumachitika, ndiye kuti kwa kanthawi mukhoza kudzaza madzi osungunuka.