Zonse zokhudza mapepala okwera galimoto

Palibe galimoto yomwe ingaoneke ngati yotetezeka ngati ili ndi vuto kapena mabuleki ake. Njirayi ili ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Gulu la ogwiritsa ntchito limaphatikizapo chobowolera (zomwe zidapangidwa ndi chipangizochi osiyana review) ndi kutchinga.

Ganizirani momwe mungasankhire gawo latsopano, liti lomwe liyenera kusinthidwa, ndi zomwe zili zabwino pagalimoto.

Mapepala oswa magalimoto ndi chiyani

Phukusi la mabuleki ndilo gawo losintha la caliper. Chimawoneka ngati mbale yachitsulo yokhala ndi mikangano. Gawolo likukhudzidwa mwachindunji pakuchepetsa liwiro la mayendedwe. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mapadi okwanira:

• Kwa dongosolo chimbale ananyema;
• Mabuleki ng'oma.

Kutengera kusinthidwa kwa mabuleki, ma pads amatha kufinya chimbale kapena kupumula pamakoma a ngoma. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yama braking itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mgalimoto. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zosankha pamene mizere ya mzere womwe amapumira madzi amagawika kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo.

M'magalimoto oterewa mukasindikiza choyimitsa, zida zoyambira kutsogolo zimayambitsidwa, kenako kumbuyo. Pachifukwa ichi, ziyangoyango za ngoma sizisinthidwa pafupipafupi kuposa zikwangwani zakutsogolo.

Kuphatikiza pa magulu ofunikira, mankhwalawa amasiyana wina ndi mzake pogwira ntchito:

1. Chikwamacho chikhoza kuphatikizaponso sensa yovala yomwe imalumikizana ndi makina amagetsi pagalimoto. Popeza ma pads m'galimoto iliyonse amavala, sensa imadziwitsa driver za kufunika kosinthira gawolo.
2. Chombocho chimakhala ndi chizindikiritso chovala. Chizindikiro chamakhalidwe chimalola kuti driver azindikire kuti zinthuzo zatha ndipo zikufunika kusintha. Mapepala amtunduwu amakhala ndi mtengo wotsika poyerekeza ndi kusinthidwa koyambirira.

Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito braking system, ndiye kuti kutsogolo kwake kudzakhala disc, ndipo kumbuyo kudzakhala drum. Mtundu uwu umayikidwa pagalimoto zama bajeti. Galimoto yokwera mtengo imakhala ndi mabuleki azungulira.

Zomwe zimakhudza braking

Makinawo amasiya chifukwa cha chipika chimbale chimbale, chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi kanyumba ka magudumu. Kuwonjezeka kwa mikangano yomwe ili ndi pad yosinthira kumathandizira kwambiri. Mwachilengedwe, kukanganira kwakukulu, mabuleki adzagwira ntchito bwino.

Kuphatikiza pakuyankha kwamachitidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito, izi zimakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa zoyesayesa zomwe woyendetsa amayenera kuyika poyimitsa galimoto kuti galimoto ichepetse.

Mtengo wa coefficient of friction umakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mikangano. Zimatengera izi ngati mabuleki azikhala ofewa komanso omveka, kapena chovalacho chiyenera kukanikizidwa mwamphamvu kuti muchepetse magudumu.

Mitundu ya zikhomo

Monga tanena kale, ziyangoyango zonse zidagawika mitundu iwiri: kuyika ngodya (mawilo kumbuyo, ndi magalimoto akale adayikiratu kutsogolo) kapena pamadiski (mawilo akutsogolo kapena mumayendedwe odula kwambiri - mozungulira).

Chodziwika bwino cha brake system ndikuti kapangidwe ka makinawo kamalola kugwiritsa ntchito malo akuluakulu olumikizirana kuti akweze mphamvu zotsutsana panthawi yomwe mabuleki atsegulidwa. Kusinthaku ndikothandiza kwambiri ponyamula katundu, chifukwa galimotoyo nthawi zambiri imakhala yolemetsa, ndipo mabuleki amtunduwu pankhaniyi sakhala ndi malo ocheperako.

Kuti muwonjeze kuchita bwino, padzafunika kukhazikitsa chowonjezera china, chomwe sichingachitike pazachuma. Ubwino wa kusinthaku ndikuti wopanga magalimoto amatha kukulitsa m'lifupi pads ndi pads, zomwe zimawonjezera kudalilika kwa mabuleki. Zoyipa zamagalimoto amtundu wa drum ndikuti alibe mpweya wokwanira, ndichifukwa chake amatha kutentha kwambiri pakubadwa kwanthawi yayitali. Komanso, ng'oma imatha kutha msanga, chifukwa zinyalala zonse chifukwa chakukula kwa pad zimakhalabe mkati mwa makinawo.

Ponena za kusinthidwa kwa disc, ma pads ndi ma disc ali ndi mpweya wokwanira, ndipo kulowa kwa dothi ndi chinyezi m'mabuleki otere sikofunikira pakuyenda. Chosavuta cha kusinthidwa kotere ndikuti malo olumikizirana amatha kukulitsidwa ndikukhazikitsa disc yokhala ndi m'mimba mwake, ndipo, chifukwa chake, okhwima akulu. Izi ndizovuta, chifukwa si gudumu lililonse lomwe limalola kukweza uku.

Magwiridwe a ziyangoyango zimadalira mkangano. Pazinthu izi, opanga amagwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana. Nayi gulu lawo lalikulu.

Mapepala a mabuleki a organic

Wosanjikiza wosanjikiza wazigawo zimaphatikizapo zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoyambira. Ikhoza kukhala mphira wothira galasi, fiberglass, mankhwala a kaboni, ndi zina zambiri. Zikatero, zili osachepera zili zitsulo (zosaposa 20 peresenti).

Mapadi okhala ndi zokutira zachilengedwe ndiabwino pakukwera pagalimoto modekha. Pa liwiro lochepa, kupsinjika pang'ono ponyamula mabuleki ndikokwanira kuti kuwatsegule.

Ubwino wazosinthazi ndi monga kufewa ndi bata pakunyamuka kwa braking. Katunduyu amatsimikiziridwa ndi kupezeka pang'ono kwa abrasives. Kuipa kwa ziyangoyango zotere ndizochepa kwambiri poyerekeza magwiridwe antchito. Wosanjikiza wosanjikiza ndi wofewa, chifukwa chake umatha msanga kwambiri.

Chosavuta china cha mapadi a organic ndikuti satha kupirira kutentha kwakukulu. Pachifukwa ichi, amaikidwa pazoyenda zotsika mtengo, zomwe sizimasiyana ndi mphamvu yapadera. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu ngati izi zimayikidwa pamagalimoto ang'onoang'ono.

Theka-zachitsulo ananyema ziyangoyango

Gulu la ma pads lidzakhala ndi msanjidwe wapamwamba kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto ambiri mu gawo la bajeti komanso yapakatikati. Kukula kwa pedi yotere kumakhala ndi chitsulo (mpaka 70%, kutengera ukadaulo wopanga). Zinthuzo ndizogwirizana ndi chinthu chophatikizika, chomwe chimapatsa mphamvuyo mankhwala.

Kusinthaku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga makina. Mapepala oterewa amakhala ndi galimoto zonyamula anthu, crossover, galimoto yaying'ono, van, SUV kapena galimoto yomwe imachita nawo mpikisano wamasewera.

Ubwino wa ulusi wazitsulo zazing'ono ndi moyo wochuluka wogwira ntchito (poyerekeza ndi organic analogue). Komanso, wosanjikiza uyu amakhala ndi coefficient wokwanira wa mkangano, umapirira kutentha kwakukulu ndikuzizira msanga.

Zoyipa zazinthu zoterezi zimaphatikizapo kupanga fumbi lochulukirapo (kuti mumve zambiri za momwe mungachotsere madipoziti a graphite kuchokera kuzimba zonyamula, onani apa). Poyerekeza ndi anzawo a organic, zingwe zazitsulo zazitsulo zimapanga phokoso kwambiri pakabuleki. Izi ndichifukwa choti mudzakhala ndi tinthu tambiri tazitsulo. Kuti mugwire bwino ntchito, ma pads amafunika kutentha.

Mapepala a ceramic ananyema

Mtengo wa mapadi otere udzakhala wokwera kuposa onse omwe adatchulidwa koyambirira. Izi ndichifukwa choti mtundu wawo ndiwokwera kwambiri. Ceramic fiber imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mkangano wosanjikiza muzinthu izi.

Ceramic pad imapindula ndi kuyankha kwapadera kwa mabuleki. Amakhala ndi kutentha kosiyanasiyana, ngakhale kuzizira kwawo kumakhala kotsika. Mulibe tinthu tating'onoting'ono tazitsulo, motero mabuleki amenewa samapanga phokoso kwambiri mukamagwira ntchito. Abwino magalimoto magalimoto.

Ngakhale maubwino omveka bwino kuposa mapadi omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, mawonekedwe a ceramic sanapangidwe kuti ayike pang'onopang'ono. Iwo sanalimbikitsidwe makamaka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mgalimoto ndi ma SUV.

Kuti woyendetsa galimoto azitha kudziyimira pawokha pazinthu zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito popanga ma pads, opanga amagwiritsa ntchito mayina apadera. Chodetsa kungakhale mtundu ndi kalata.

Mtundu wa mitundu ukuwonetsa kutentha kovomerezeka kokwanira. Chizindikiro ichi ndi ichi:

• Mtundu wakuda - womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pagalimoto wamba za bajeti, komanso mitundu yamagawo apakati. Zothandiza paulendo wapatsiku ndi tsiku. Chogulitsacho chikhala chothandiza ngati siziwotcha mopitilira madigiri 400.
• Kutentha kosanjikiza kobiriwira - kutentha kwambiri kumaloledwa mpaka madigiri 650.
• Ma trim ofiira ndiopangidwa kale ndimagalimoto olowera olowera. Kutentha kololedwa kokwanira ndi 750 Celsius.
• Yellow Stock - Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto othamanga omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazochitika monga mitundu yamagawo kapena mipikisano yothamanga. Mabuleki amenewa amatha kukhalabe olimba mpaka 900^оC. Kutentha kumeneku kumatha kuwonetsedwa mu buluu kapena buluu lowala.
• Pedi lalanje limangogwiritsidwa ntchito pagalimoto zothamanga kwambiri, mabuleki omwe amatha kutentha mpaka madigiri chikwi.

Pazenera lililonse, kuwonjezera pazambiri zokhudzana ndi wopanga ndi chiphaso, kampaniyo imatha kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa kukangana. Ichi chidzakhala chilembo. Popeza chizindikiro ichi chimasintha kutengera kutentha kwa pad, wopanga amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zilembo ziwiri. Chimodzi chimasonyeza coefficient of friction (CT) pamatentha pafupifupi 95^оC, ndipo wachiwiri - pafupifupi 315^оC. Kuyika chizindikiro uku kudzaonekera pafupi ndi nambala ya gawo.

Nayi magawo omwe chikhalidwe chilichonse chimafanana nawo:

• C - CT mpaka 0,15;
• D - CT kuyambira 0,15 mpaka 0,25;
• E - CT kuyambira 0,25 mpaka 0,35;
• F - CT kuyambira 0,35 mpaka 0,45;
• G - CT kuyambira 0,45 mpaka 0,55
• H - CT kuyambira 0,55 ndi ena ambiri.

Ndi chidziwitso choyambirira cha chikhomo ichi, zidzakhala zosavuta kuti dalaivala asankhe mapadi oyenera oyenera magwiridwe antchito ena.

Magulu a "mtengo wapamwamba"

Popeza wopanga aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zawo, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kudziwa kuti ndi njira iti yabwino kwambiri. Pali zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale mkati mwa zopangidwa ndi wopanga m'modzi.

Gulu lililonse lazogulitsa ndiloyenera magalimoto osiyanasiyana. Nsapato zotsika mtengo zitha kukhazikitsidwa mgalimoto mufakitoli, koma kuwonjezera apo mwiniwake wagalimoto atha kugula analogue yodalirika yomwe ingalole kuti galimotoyo igwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo ovuta kwambiri.

Misonkhano, zolumikizana zimagawika m'magulu atatu:

• Maphunziro apamwamba (oyamba);
• Kalasi yapakati (yachiwiri);
• Kalasi yotsika (yachitatu).

Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo zotchedwa zida zoyambirira. Nthawi zambiri izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kampani yachitatu yodziwika bwino. Zogulitsa zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamizere yamisonkhano.

Izi zimachitika kuti wopanga magalimoto amapeza mapadi abwino kuposa omwe amapita kumsika wamagalimoto. Chifukwa cha izi ndi chithandizo chisanafike kutentha. Pofuna kuti galimoto yomwe yatsika pamzere kuti ikwaniritse chizindikiritsocho, ma "brake pads" amatenthedwa ".

Magawo azogulitsa omwe ali pansi pa lemba la "choyambirira" adzagulitsa analogue yosavuta komanso osakonzekera koyambirira. Pachifukwa ichi, palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa gawo loyambirira lophatikizira ndi lofananalo lomwe limagulitsidwa ndi mtundu wina wodziwika, ndipo mapadi atsopano amafunika kuti "amenyedwe" pafupifupi 50 km.

Kusiyananso kwina pakati pazogulitsa "zotumiza" kuchokera kuzofananazo, zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa magalimoto, ndiye kusiyana kwama coefficient of friction ndi moyo wake wogwira ntchito. Pa makina omwe amachokera pamzere wamsonkho, ma brake pads ali ndi CT yayikulu, koma amayenda pang'ono. Ponena za ma analog omwe amagulitsidwa pamsika wamagalimoto, ali ndi zotsutsana - CT imavutika, koma imatha nthawi yayitali.

Zogulitsa zam'kalasi yachiwiri ndizotsika poyerekeza ndi zam'mbuyomu. Poterepa, kampaniyo imatha kupatuka panjira yaukadaulo wopanga, koma malonda amakumana ndi chitsimikizocho. Pachifukwa ichi, dzina la R-90 limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pafupi ndi chizindikirochi pali nambala ya dziko (E) momwe chizindikirocho chidachitika. Germany ndi 1, Italy ndi 3, ndipo Great Britain ndi 11.

Mapepala a mabuleki achiwiri amafunidwa chifukwa ali ndi mtengo wabwino / magwiridwe antchito.

Ndizomveka kuti zopangidwa m'kalasi lachitatu zimakhala ndizotsika kuposa zam'mbuyomu. Zipangizo zoterezi zimapangidwa ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono omwe atha kukhala gawo laopanga mtundu wina wamagalimoto, kapena atha kukhala makampani ang'onoang'ono osiyana.

Kugula ziyangoyango zotere, woyendetsa galimoto amachita pangozi yake komanso pachiwopsezo, chifukwa izi zimakhudza chitetezo cha mayendedwe pakufunika braking mwadzidzidzi. Nthawi ina, kulumikizana kumatha kuvala mosafanana, ndipo inayo, kumatha kukhala kolimba kotero kuti mwendo wa driver umatopa msanga ngati chovalacho chimakanikizidwa pafupipafupi.

Kodi opanga ndi ati?

Musanagule ziyangoyango, muyenera kulabadira ma CD ake. Bokosi wamba lokhala ndi makatoni opanda zizindikiritso ndizoyenera kudetsa nkhawa, ngakhale zitakhala ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino. Wopanga, ali ndi nkhawa ndi dzina lake, sangawononge ndalama pazinthu zabwino. Iwonetsanso chizindikiritso (90R).

Mapepala osweka a makampani otsatirawa ndi otchuka:

• Nthawi zambiri, chidwi pakati pa oyendetsa ndi zolemba za Brembo;
• Pampikisano wamasewera olimbirana, Ferodo amapanga ma pads abwino;
• Mapadi amtundu wa ATE amawerengedwa kuti ndiopangidwa ndi zinthu zoyambira;
• Bendix ili ndi dzina lapadziko lonse lapansi pakati pa opanga ma braking system abwino;
• Njira yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsera mzindawo imatha kusankhidwa pakati pazogulitsa zomwe Remsa;
• Wopanga waku Germany a Jurid amagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apamwamba pakupanga, chifukwa chake zinthuzo ndizotchuka pakati pa oyendetsa;
• Pagid imapanga zopangira "msonkhano wamagalimoto" pamisonkhano yamagalimoto monga Volkswagen Golf, Audi TT ndi Q7, komanso mitundu ina ya Porsche;
• Kwa mafani amtundu wamasewera othamanga, pali zinthu zodalirika zopangidwa ndi mtundu wa Textar;
• Wopanga wina waku Germany yemwe samangopanga ziyangoyango zapamwamba zokha, komanso zida zamitundu yonse ndi Bosch;
• Ngakhale Lockheed makamaka amapanga makina opanga ndege, wopanga amaperekanso ma pileti abwino;
• Ngati galimoto yatsopano idagulidwa, ndiye m'malo mwa zinthu zofunikira, mutha kukhazikitsa zofanana kuchokera ku Lucas / TRW.

Pad kuvala ndi kuvala chimbale avale

Kuvala kwa mabuleki kumatengera zinthu zambiri. Yoyambirira ndiyabwino yazogulitsa. Takambirana kale nkhaniyi. Chinthu chachiwiri ndi kuchuluka kwa galimotoyo. Kutalika kwake ndikokulira koyerekeza kwa mikangano kuyenera kukhala pagawo la mikangano, popeza mphamvu ya inertia yamagalimoto otere ndiyokwera.

Chinthu china chomwe chingachepetse kwambiri kapena mosemphanitsa - kuonjezera moyo wogwira ntchito wa mapadi ndi mawonekedwe oyendetsa galimoto. Kwa oyendetsa galimoto, omwe amayendetsa bwino kwambiri ndipo samanyema kwambiri, magawo awa amatha kuyenda makilomita 50 kapena kupitilira apo. Nthawi zambiri driver amayika mabuleki, kuthamanga kwake kumatha msanga. Izi zimatulutsanso msanga pakakhala zolakwika pa disc.

Ngati piritsi yama brake (makamaka yotsika mtengo, yotsika mtengo) itha kulephera mwadzidzidzi, ndiye zikafika pa disc izi zimachitika mosadalirika. Momwe zinthu zimayendera, gawo ili limakhalabe labwino mpaka pomwe galimotoyo isinthe mapayiti awiri. Diski ikamatha mamilimita awiri, iyenera kusinthidwa ndi yatsopano. Izi zitha kudziwika ndi kutalika kwa chamfer wopangidwa mbaliyo.

Anthu ena amawunika momwe chimbalecho chilili mwa kukhudza pomata dzanja pakati pa masipowo a gudumu, koma ndibwino kuchotsa gudumu kwathunthu pamachitidwe awa. Chifukwa cha izi ndikutheka kokulira kwamkati mkati mwa gawolo. Ngati disc ikuchepa, koma ma pads sanatheretu, ndiye kuti m'malo mwa gawo loyambalo mutha kuyimitsidwa kwakanthawi kochepa, makamaka ngati woyendetsa akuyendetsa bwino.

Ponena za mabuleki agubhu, amatopa pang'onopang'ono, komanso amakula. Popanda kuchotsa ng'anjo, momwe kulumikizirana kumakhala kovuta kuwunika. Ngati makulidwe khoma a ng'oma adatha ndi millimeter imodzi, ndi nthawi yoti mubwezeretse.

Kodi ndiyenera kusintha liti mapayipi anga ananyema?

Nthawi zambiri, opanga magalimoto amawonetsa nthawi yotereyi - kuyambira makilomita 30 mpaka 50 omwe adayenda (mosiyana ndi nthawi yosintha mafuta chizindikiro ichi chimadalira mileage). Oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri amalowa m'malo mwa zinthu zomwe zimawonongeka ngati zatha kapena ayi.

Ngakhale ndalama za eni galimoto zili zochepa, sikoyenera kugula zinthu zotsika mtengo, chifukwa thanzi ndi chitetezo cha osati dalaivala komanso omwe amamuyendetsa, komanso ogwiritsa ntchito ena pamsewu zimadalira izi.

diagnostics

N'zotheka kudziwa momwe mapiritsi ananyema ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudzira izi. Musanachimwe "pamabuleki, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti matayala onse ali ndi matayala olondola (pomwe mabuleki agalimoto, kusokonekera kwa matayala amodzi kumawoneka kofanana ndi kulephera kwa mabuleki).

Izi ndi zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana mukamanyalanyaza pobowola:

1. Buleki akagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamphamvu, kumenyedwa kumamveka pakhomapo. Izi zitha kuchitika, mwachitsanzo, ndi kupanikizika pang'ono mukamayandikira magetsi. Pogwira ntchito, gawo losakanikirana pamapadi onse limatha mosagwirizana. Chomwe chimakhala chosalala kwambiri chimapangitsa kumenyedwa. Zitha kuwonetsanso kuvala kosafanana kwama disc.
2. Pedi ikatha mpaka kutalika, imalira mokweza mukakumana ndi disc. Zotsatira zake sizimatha pambuyo pa makina osindikizira angapo. Phokosoli limatulutsidwa ndi chizindikiro chapadera, chomwe chimakhala ndi zida zamakono zamakono.
3. Kuvala kwa mikangano kungakhudzenso chidwi chakumva. Mwachitsanzo, mabuleki amatha kulimba kapena mosemphanitsa - ofewa. Ngati mukuyenera kuchita khama kukanikiza ngozo, ndiye kuti muyenera kumvetsera mapadi. Pakakhala kutsekeka kwamatayala mwamphamvu, m'malo mwake muyenera kuchitidwa m'malo mwake, chifukwa izi nthawi zambiri zimatha kukhala chisonyezo chakumangirira, ndipo chitsulo chimakhala chikugwirizana kale ndi chitsulocho.
4. Kukhalapo pamphepete mwamphamvu ya graphite yosakanikirana ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tazitsulo. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti gawo losemphana latha, ndipo chovala chimapangidwa pa disc yokha.

Zochita zowunikira izi sizomwe zili mwachindunji. Mulimonsemo, popanda kuchotsa mawilo, komanso ngati ng'oma, popanda kusokoneza makinawo, ndizosatheka kuwunika momwe mabuleki alili. Kuchita izi ndikosavuta kuchipatala, komwe akatswiri amayang'ana makina onse nthawi yomweyo.

Pamapeto pa kuwunikaku, timapereka kufananiza kwakanthawi kwamavidiyo amitundu ina ya mapadi pagalimoto yama bajeti:

Kuyerekeza kothandiza kwa ma brake pads, theka la iwo amanjenjemera.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi pali ma brake pads otani? Mitundu ya ma brake pads pamagalimoto: zitsulo zotsika, zitsulo, ceramic, asbestos-free (organic). Aliyense wa iwo ali ubwino wake ndi kuipa.

Mumadziwa bwanji ngati ma brake pads atha? Mwaye pamphepete ndi yunifolomu ndi makala, mapepala akadali abwino. Ngati mwaye muli tinthu tachitsulo, ndiye kuti watha kale ndipo amayamba kukanda chimbale cha brake.