Volvo

Zamkatimu Mbiri ya FounderEmblemCar mu zitsanzoMafunso ndi mayankho: Volvo yadziŵika kuti ndi makina opanga magalimoto omwe amapanga magalimoto ndi magalimoto, komanso zida zapadera zomwe ndi zodalirika kwambiri. Chizindikirocho chalandira mobwerezabwereza mphoto za chitukuko cha machitidwe odalirika otetezera magalimoto. Panthawi ina, galimoto yamtunduwu idadziwika kuti ndiyotetezeka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ngakhale chizindikirocho chimakhalapo ngati gawo logawika pazovuta zina, kwa oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri ndi kampani yodziyimira pawokha yomwe mitundu yawo ndiyofunika kuyisamalira. Nayi nkhani ya wopanga magalimoto awa, omwe tsopano ndi gawo la Geely holding (tinalankhula kale za automaker iyi kale). Woyambitsa 1920s ku United States ndi Europe pafupifupi nthawi imodzi akukulitsa chidwi chopanga zida zamakina. M'chaka cha 23, chiwonetsero cha magalimoto chikuchitika mumzinda wa Swedish wa Gothenburg. Chochitikachi chidathandizira kutchuka kwa magalimoto odziyendetsa okha, chifukwa chake magalimoto ambiri adayamba kutumizidwa mdziko muno. Kale pofika chaka cha 25, pafupifupi makope zikwi 14 ndi theka zamagalimoto ochokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana adafika mdzikolo. Mfundo yamakampani ambiri opanga magalimoto inali kupanga magalimoto atsopano mwachangu momwe angathere. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ambiri, chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali, adasokoneza khalidwe. Ku Sweden, kampani yamakampani ya SKF yakhala ikupanga magawo odalirika amitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakina kwanthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chachikulu cha kutchuka kwa zigawozi ndi kuyesa kovomerezeka kwa chitukuko chisanalowe pamzere wa msonkhano. Pofuna kupereka msika wa ku Ulaya osati omasuka, koma pamwamba pa magalimoto onse otetezeka komanso olimba, gulu laling'ono la Volvo linapangidwa. Mwalamulo, tsiku la kulengedwa kwa mtunduwu ndi 14.04.1927/XNUMX/XNUMX, pamene chitsanzo choyamba cha Jacob chinawonekera. Mtundu wamagalimoto umawonekera kwa oyang'anira awiri opanga zida zosinthira ku Sweden. Awa ndi Gustaf Larson ndi Assar Gabrielsson. Assar anali CEO ndipo Gustaf anali CTO wa mtundu watsopano wamagalimoto. M'zaka zake ku SKF, Gabrielsson adawona ubwino wa zinthu zomwe chomeracho chimapanga poyerekezera ndi makampani ena. Izi zidamutsimikizira nthawi iliyonse kuti Sweden ikhoza kupereka magalimoto oyenera pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Lingaliro lofananalo linathandizidwa ndi wantchito wake - Larson. Othandizana nawo atatsimikizira kasamalidwe ka kampaniyo za upangiri wopanga mtundu watsopano, Larson adayamba kuyang'ana akatswiri amakanika, ndipo Gabrielsson adapanga njira zachuma ndikuwerengera kuti akwaniritse lingaliro lawo. Magalimoto khumi oyamba adapangidwa ndikuwononga ndalama zomwe Gabrielsson adasunga. Magalimoto amenewa anasonkhanitsidwa ku fakitale ya SKF, kampani yomwe inali ndi gawo pakugulitsa magalimoto atsopano. Kholo kampaniyo anapereka ufulu kwa mafotokozedwe a uinjiniya maganizo kwa wocheperapo, komanso anapereka mwayi kwa munthu chitukuko. Chifukwa cha izi, mtundu watsopanowu unali ndi choyambira champhamvu chomwe ambiri a m'nthawi yake analibe. Zinthu zingapo zathandizira kuti kampaniyo ipite patsogolo: Kampani ya makolo idapereka zida zoyamba zophatikiza mitundu ya Volvo; Dziko la Sweden linali ndi malipiro ochepa, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti alembe antchito okwanira ogwira ntchito ku bizinesiyo; Dziko lino linapanga zitsulo zake, zomwe zinali zotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zipangizo zamakono zidapezeka kwa wopanga magalimoto atsopano kwa ndalama zochepa; Dzikoli linkafuna mtundu wake wagalimoto; Makampani adapangidwa ku Sweden, zomwe zinali zosavuta kupeza akatswiri omwe amatha osati kusonkhanitsa magalimoto apamwamba, komanso kupanga zida zosinthira. Chizindikiro Kuti zitsanzo za wopanga magalimoto atsopano zidziwike padziko lonse lapansi (ndipo iyi inali mfundo yofunika kwambiri pakupanga mapangidwe amtundu), logo idafunikira yomwe ingawonetse kampaniyo. Mawu achilatini akuti Volvo adatengedwa ngati dzina la mtunduwo. Kumasulira kwake (I roll) kunatsindika bwino kwambiri malo omwe kampani ya makolo idapambana - kupanga zitsulo za mpira. Leiba adawonekera mu 1927. Monga chitsanzo chosiyana, adasankha chizindikiro chachitsulo, chomwe chinali chofala mu chikhalidwe cha anthu akumadzulo. Chinkaoneka ngati chozungulira chokhala ndi muvi woloza kumpoto chakum’mawa. Palibe chifukwa chofotokozera motalika chifukwa chake chisankhochi chinapangidwa, chifukwa Sweden ili ndi mafakitale opangidwa ndi zitsulo, ndipo malonda ake adatumizidwa kunja pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Poyambirira, adaganiza zoyika baji pakati pa mpweya waukulu. Vuto lokhalo lomwe okonzawo adakumana nalo linali kusowa kwa grille yolumikizira chizindikirocho. Chizindikirocho chinayenera kukhazikitsidwa pakati pa radiator. Ndipo njira yokhayo yotulukira inali kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu china (chotchedwa bar). Unali mzere wa diagonal womwe bajiyo idalumikizidwa, ndipo idakhazikika m'mphepete mwa radiator. Ngakhale magalimoto amakono amakhala ndi grille yotetezera mwachisawawa, wopanga adaganiza zokhala ndi mzere wopendekera ngati chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pa logo yotchuka yagalimoto. Mbiri ya galimoto mu zitsanzo Kotero, chitsanzo choyamba chimene chinatuluka pamzere wa msonkhano wa Volvo chinali galimoto ya Jakob kapena OV4. "Woyamba" wa kampaniyo sanali wapamwamba monga momwe amayembekezera. Chowonadi ndi chakuti panthawi ya msonkhano, makinawo adayika injini molakwika. Vutoli litathetsedwa, galimotoyo sinalandilidwebe ndi chidwi chachikulu ndi omvera. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti inali ndi thupi lotseguka, ndipo kwa dziko lomwe lili ndi nyengo yovuta, magalimoto otsekedwa anali othandiza kwambiri. 28-ndiyamphamvu injini 4-yamphamvu anaikidwa pansi pa nyumba ya galimoto, amene akhoza imathandizira galimoto pa liwiro la 90 Km / h. mbali ya galimotoyo inali chassis. Wopangayo adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito gudumu lapadera pamagalimoto oyamba. Gulo lililonse linali ndi masipoko amatabwa ndipo mkombero wake unali wonyamulika. Kuphatikiza pa zoperewera pamisonkhano ndi kapangidwe kake, kampaniyo idalephera kupangitsa galimoto kutchuka, popeza mainjiniya adathera nthawi yochulukirapo pazabwino, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chotsatira chisachedwe. Nazi zochitika zazikuluzikulu za kampani zomwe zasiya chizindikiro chawo. 1928 - PV4 Special ikuwonekera. Iyi ndi njira yowonjezera ya galimoto yapitayi, wogula yekhayo adapatsidwa kale njira ziwiri za thupi: denga lopinda kapena nsonga yolimba. 1928 - Kupanga kwa galimoto ya Type-1 kumayambira pa chimango chimodzimodzi ndi Jakob. 1929 - chiwonetsero cha injini ya mapangidwe ake. Izi kusinthidwa wagawo asanu yamphamvu analandira PV651 makina (6 masilindala, mipando 5, 1 mndandanda). 1930 - galimoto yomwe ilipo ndi yamakono: imalandira galimoto yotalikirapo, yomwe anthu 7 amatha kukhala kale m'nyumbamo. Awa anali Volvo TR671 ndi 672. Magalimoto ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madalaivala a taxi, ndipo ngati kanyumbako kakhala kodzaza, dalaivala amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ngoloyo ponyamula katundu wa anthu. 1932 - Galimotoyo idasinthidwanso. Choncho, mphamvu wagawo wakhala voluminous - malita 3,3, chifukwa mphamvu zake chawonjezeka 65 ndiyamphamvu. Monga kufala, anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito 4-liwiro gearbox m'malo 3-liwiro mnzake. 1933 - Mtundu wapamwamba wa P654 ukuwonekera. Galimotoyo idalandira kuyimitsidwa kolimba komanso kutsekereza mawu bwino. M'chaka chomwecho, galimoto yapadera inayambitsidwa yomwe siinafike pamzere wa msonkhano chifukwa omvera sanali okonzeka kupanga mapangidwe otere. Chodabwitsa cha mtundu wopangidwa ndi manja wa Venus Bilo chinali chakuti chinali ndi zinthu zabwino zakuthambo. Kukula kofananako kunagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zitsanzo za mibadwo yotsatira. 1935 - Kampaniyo ikupitiliza kukonzanso masomphenya aku America a magalimoto. Kotero, galimoto yatsopano yokhala ndi anthu 6 Carioca PV36 imatuluka. Kuyambira chitsanzo ichi, magalimoto anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito grille zoteteza. Gulu loyamba la magalimoto apamwamba linali ndi makope 500. Chaka chomwecho, galimoto ya driver wa taxi idalandiranso zina, ndipo injiniyo idakhala yamphamvu kwambiri - 80 hp. 1936 - Kampaniyo imaumirira kuti chinthu choyamba chomwe chiyenera kukhala mu galimoto iliyonse ndi chitetezo, ndiyeno chitonthozo ndi kalembedwe. Lingaliro ili likuwonekera mu zitsanzo zonse zotsatila. Mbadwo wotsatira wa mtundu wa PV ukuwonekera. Pokhapokha mtunduwo walembedwa 51. Izo zakhala kale 5-mipando mwanaalirenji sedan, koma opepuka kuposa m'mbuyo mwake, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zamphamvu kwambiri. 1937 - M'badwo wotsatira PV (52) umakhala ndi zinthu zina zotonthoza: zowonera dzuwa, magalasi otentha, mipando yazanja m'mafelemu azitseko, ndi mipando yopinda. 1938 - Mtundu wa PV umalandira zosinthidwa zatsopano ndi mitundu ingapo ya fakitale (burgundy, buluu ndi yobiriwira). Zosintha 55 ndi 56 zimakhala ndi ma radiator osinthidwa, komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino akutsogolo. M'chaka chomwecho, zombo za taxi zikhoza kugula chitsanzo chotetezedwa cha PV801 (wopanga anaika magalasi olimba pakati pa mizere yakutsogolo ndi kumbuyo). Kanyumbako tsopano kakhoza kukhala anthu 8, kuphatikizapo dalaivala. 1943-1944 chifukwa cha Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, kampaniyo siingathe kupanga magalimoto mwachizolowezi, motero imasinthira ku chitukuko cha magalimoto pambuyo pankhondo. Ntchitoyi idachita bwino ndipo idabweretsa galimoto yamalingaliro ya PV444. Kutulutsidwa kwake kumayamba m'chaka cha 44. Izi otsika mphamvu galimoto ndi injini 40 ndiyamphamvu anali yekha (m'mbiri ya Volvo kupanga) anali otsika mafuta. Izi zidapangitsa kuti galimotoyo ikhale yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa oyendetsa omwe ali ndi chuma chochepa. 1951 - pambuyo bwino kumasulidwa kwa zosintha PV444, kampani anaganiza kupanga magalimoto banja. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 50, Volvo Duett idagubuduza pamzere wa msonkhano. Zinali zofanana zam'mbuyomu, thupi lokhalo lidasinthidwa kuti ligwirizane ndi zosowa za mabanja akulu. 1957 - Mtundu waku Sweden uyamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolowera msika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo automaker imasankha kukopa chidwi cha omvera ndi Amazone yatsopano, yomwe yakhala ikutetezedwa bwino. Makamaka, inali galimoto yoyamba yomwe malamba a mipando ya 3 anaikidwa. 1958 - Ngakhale kugulitsa kwachitsanzo cham'mbuyomu, wopanga asankha kumasula m'badwo wina wa PV. Kampaniyo imayamba kudziwika pamipikisano yamagalimoto. Chifukwa chake, Volvo PV444 akutenga mphotho yopambana Mpikisano waku Europe mu 58th, Grand Prix ku Argentina chaka chomwecho, komanso mpikisano waku Europe mugulu la azimayi mu 59th. 1959 - Kampaniyo imalowa mumsika waku US ndi 122S. 1961 - P1800 coupe yamasewera imayambitsidwa ndikupambana mphotho zingapo za kapangidwe. 1966 - kupanga galimoto otetezeka akuyamba - Volvo144. Inagwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira mabuleki amtundu wapawiri, ndipo giya la cardan linagwiritsidwa ntchito pachiwongolero kotero kuti pakachitika ngozi chikhoza kupindika osati kuvulaza dalaivala. 1966 - mtundu wamphamvu kwambiri wa masewera a Amazone - 123GT imawonekera. 1967 - Msonkhano wa 145 ndi 142S zitseko ziwiri zimayambira kumalo opangira. 1968 - kampaniyo ikupereka galimoto yatsopano yapamwamba - Volvo 164. Pansi pa hood ya galimoto anali kale anaika injini 145-ndiyamphamvu, amene analola galimoto kufika pa liwiro pazipita makilomita 145 pa ola limodzi. 1971 - Kuzungulira kwatsopano kwa malonda ogulitsa kwambiri kumayamba. Zitsanzo zambiri zataya kale kufunika kwawo, ndipo sizinali zopindulitsa kuzikweza. Pachifukwa ichi, kampaniyo ikutulutsa 164E yatsopano, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito jekeseni wamafuta. injini mphamvu anafika 175 ndiyamphamvu. 1974 - Kuwonetsedwa kwa mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya 240 ndi awiri - 260. Mu nkhani yachiwiri inagwiritsidwa ntchito galimoto, opangidwa ndi akatswiri a makampani atatu - "Renault", "Peugeot" ndi "Volvo". Ngakhale kuti mawonekedwe ake anali osavuta kumva, magalimotowo adalandira zidziwitso zapamwamba kwambiri pankhani yachitetezo. 1976 - kampaniyo ikupereka chitukuko chake, chomwe chinapangidwa kuti chichepetse zomwe zili ndi zinthu zovulaza mu utsi wa magalimoto chifukwa cha kuyaka kwabwino kwa mpweya wamafuta osakaniza. Kukula kunkatchedwa "Lambda" kafukufuku (mutha kuwerenga za mfundo ya ntchito ya kachipangizo mpweya padera). Pakupanga kachipangizo ka oxygen, kampaniyo idalandira mphotho kuchokera ku bungwe lazachilengedwe. 1976 - Momwemonso, Volvo 343 yachuma komanso yotetezedwa yalengezedwa. 1977 - Kampaniyo, mothandizidwa ndi studio yopanga yaku Italiya Bertone, imapanga coup 262. 1979 - pamodzi ndi zosintha zina zamitundu yodziwika kale, sedan yaying'ono 345 yokhala ndi injini ya 70hp imawonekera. 1980 - automaker aganiza kusintha injini analipo nthawi imeneyo. Chigawo cha turbocharged chikuwoneka, chomwe chinayikidwa pagalimoto yonyamula anthu. 1982 - kupanga zachilendo akuyamba - Volvo760. The peculiarity chitsanzo anali unit dizilo, amene anapereka ngati njira, akhoza imathandizira galimoto kwa mazana masekondi 13. Pa nthawi imeneyo inali galimoto yamphamvu kwambiri ndi injini ya dizilo. 1984 - Chachilendo china kuchokera ku Sweden brand 740 GLE chimasulidwa ndi mota wopanga momwe chiwonetsero chazizindikiro zamatenda akucheperachepera. 1985 - Geneva Motor Show idawonetsa chipatso china cha ntchito yolumikizana ya mainjiniya aku Sweden ndi opanga aku Italiya - 780, omwe thupi lawo lidadutsa studio ya Bertone ku Turin. 1987 - Hatchback yatsopano ya 480 imayambitsidwa ndi njira zaposachedwa kwambiri zachitetezo, kuyimitsa kumbuyo kodziyimira pawokha, sunroof, kutseka kwapakati, ABS ndi matekinoloje ena apamwamba. 1988 - Kusintha kwakusintha kwa 740 GTL kumawonekera. 1990 - 760 yasinthidwa ndi Volvo 960, yomwe imakhala ndi chitetezo, kuphatikiza ndi injini yamphamvu komanso kufalitsa kwabwino. 1991 - 850 GL imakhazikitsa njira zowonjezera zachitetezo monga kuteteza mbali kwa woyendetsa komanso okwera komanso kumangirira lamba wapampando asanagundane. 1994 - chitsanzo champhamvu kwambiri m'mbiri ya Swedish galimoto kupanga - 850 T-5R. Pansi pa nyumba ya galimoto anali turbocharged injini kupanga 250 ndiyamphamvu. 1995 - Chifukwa cha mgwirizano ndi Mitsubishi, pali chitsanzo chomwe chinasonkhana ku Holland - S40 ndi V40. 1996 - kampaniyo imayambitsa C70 convertible. Kupanga kwa mndandanda wa 850 kumatha. M'malo mwake, conveyor amakhala chitsanzo 70 kumbuyo kwa S (sedan) ndi V (station wagon). 1997 - S80 mndandanda - galimoto kalasi bizinesi, yomwe ili ndi injini turbocharged ndi dongosolo onse gudumu pagalimoto. 2000 - mtunduwo umadzaza mzere wamagalimoto oyendetsa bwino ndi mtundu wa Cross Country. 2002 - Volvo amakhala wopanga crossovers ndi SUVs. XC90 idawululidwa ku Detroit Auto Show. Mu 2017, oyang'anira mtunduwo adalengeza mochititsa chidwi: wopanga magalimoto akuchoka pakupanga magalimoto okhala ndi injini zoyatsira mkati, ndipo akusintha pakupanga magalimoto amagetsi ndi ma hybrids.