Mitundu, chipangizo ndi mfundo zoyendetsera magetsi oyang'anira

Magalasi oyatsidwa ndi galimoto ali ndi mzere wokhazikika, womwe umayendetsedwa ndi malamulo ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi. Uwu ndiye mzere wakusintha kwa kuwala kukhala mthunzi, komwe kuyenera kusankhidwa mwanjira yopusitsa khungu ena omwe akutenga nawo mbali. Mbali inayi, iyenera kupereka kuunikira kovomerezeka kwa misewu. Ngati malo agalimoto amasintha pazifukwa zina, ndiye kuti mzere wodulawo umasinthanso. Kuti dalaivala athe kusintha njira yolowera pamtengo woviikidwa, i.e. mzere wodula ndikuwongolera kuyatsa kwamutu kumayikidwa.

Cholinga cha kuwongolera kwapamwamba

Nyali zoyatsira zoyambirira zimayikidwa pagalimoto yosatsitsidwa ndi kutalika kwa malo ozungulira. Ngati kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo kuli konyamula (mwachitsanzo, okwera kapena katundu), ndiye kuti thupi limasintha. Wothandizira pazochitika zotere ndizowongolera zowunikira. Ku Europe, magalimoto onse kuyambira 1999 kupita mtsogolo ayenera kukhala ndi makina ofanana.

Mitundu yamakonzedwe am'mutu

Okonza ma headlight amagawika malinga ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito m'magulu awiri:

• kuchitapo kanthu (mokakamiza);
• galimoto.

Buku kuwala kusintha dalaivala yekha kuchokera chipinda zonyamula ntchito zosiyanasiyana abulusa. Mwa mtundu wa zochita, ochita izi agawika:

• makina;
• chibayo;
• hayidiroliki;
• zamagetsi.

Mankhwala

Kusintha kwamakina owunikira sikunapangidwe kuchokera mchipinda chonyamula, koma molunjika pamutu. Izi ndizomwe zimakhala zachikale potengera chosinthira. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yakale yamagalimoto. Mulingo wa dziwe loyera umasinthidwa ndikusintha kagwere kake mbali ina.

Mpweya

Kusintha kwampweya sikugwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha zovuta za makinawo. Itha kusinthidwa mosavuta kapena pamanja. Pankhani ya kusintha kwa pneumatic pamanja, dalaivala ayenera kukhazikitsa l-position switch pagululo. Mtundu uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi kuyatsa kwa halogen.

Pazowongolera zokhazokha, masensa oyimira thupi, makina ndi makina oyang'anira amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chowunikiracho chimayendetsa kuthamanga kwa mpweya m'mizere yolumikizidwa ndi magetsi.

Hydraulic

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ikufanana ndi makina, pokhapokha pankhaniyi malowa amasinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito madzi apadera m'mizere yotsekedwa. Dalaivala amasintha malo oyatsira nyali potembenuza kuyika kwa chipinda chonyamula. Poterepa, ntchito yamakina imachitika. Njirayi imagwirizanitsidwa ndi silinda yayikulu yama hydraulic. Kutembenuza gudumu kumawonjezera kukakamizidwa. Zitsulozo zimayenda, ndipo makinawo amatembenuza tsinde ndi mawunikiro a nyali. Kukhazikika kwa dongosololi kumakupatsani mwayi wosintha momwe kuwala kuliri mbali zonse ziwiri.

Dongosololi limawerengedwa kuti silodalirika kwambiri, chifukwa pakapita nthawi, kulimba kumatayika pamphambano ya makhafu ndi machubu. Madzimadzi amatuluka, kulola mpweya kulowa m'dongosolo.

Zamagetsi zamagetsi

Galimoto yamagetsi yamagetsi ndiyo njira yodziwika bwino komanso yotchuka pakusintha mtengo m'galimoto zambiri. Imasinthidwa ndikusinthasintha kwa gudumu ndi magawidwe m'chipinda chonyamula pa dashboard. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala maudindo anayi.

Choyendetsa ndi mota wopangira. Amakhala ndi galimoto yamagetsi, bolodi yamagetsi ndi zida za nyongolotsi. Bokosi lamagetsi limayendetsa lamulolo, ndipo mota yamagetsi imazungulira kutsinde ndi tsinde. Tsinde limasintha malo owonetsera.

Makinawa Getsi lakutsogolo kusintha

Ngati galimoto ali ndi dongosolo low otsika mtengo kukonza, dalaivala safunika kusintha kapena kutembenukira chilichonse. Automation ndi yomwe imayambitsa izi. Njirayi nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo:

• Control chipika;
• masensa oyimira thupi;
• njira zoyendetsera.

Zomvera zimasanthula momwe galimoto ilili. Ngati pali zosintha, ndiye kuti chizindikiro chimatumizidwa ku chipinda chowongolera ndipo ma actuator amasintha mawonekedwe amagetsi. Nthawi zambiri dongosololi limalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe ena a thupi.

Komanso makinawa amangogwira ntchito mwamphamvu. Kuyatsa, makamaka kuyatsa kwa xenon, kumatha kuyambitsa dalaivala pomwepo. Izi zitha kuchitika pakakhala kusintha kwakanthawi pamisewu yapansi pamsewu, pophulika ndi kuyenda patsogolo. Wowongolera mwamphamvu nthawi yomweyo amasintha kutulutsa kwamphamvu, kuletsa kunyezimira kwa oyendetsa owala.

Malinga ndi malamulo, magalimoto okhala ndi nyali za xenon ayenera kukhala ndi chowongolera pamtengo wotsika.

Kukonza kwa Corrector

Ngati galimoto ilibe kachitidwe koteroko, ndiye kuti mutha kuyiyika nokha. Pali zida zosiyanasiyana pamsika (kuyambira zamagetsi kupita zokha) pamitengo yosiyanasiyana. Chinthu chachikulu ndichakuti chipangizocho chikufanana ndi kuwunikira kwagalimoto yanu. Ngati muli ndi luso lapadera ndi zida, mutha kukhazikitsa makinawa nokha.

Pambuyo pokonza, muyenera kusintha ndikusintha mawonekedwe owala. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kujambula chithunzi chapadera pakhoma kapena pa chishango, pomwe pamakhala mfundo zosokoneza. Chowunikira chilichonse chimasinthidwa payokha.

Momwe mungayang'anire ngati ikugwira ntchito

Masensa amtundu wamthupi amatha kukhala osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, moyo wa masensa potentiometric ndi zaka 10-15. Galimoto yamagetsi yamagetsi imathanso kulephera. Mukasintha pokha, mutha kumva mawonekedwe amtundu woyendetsa pomwe poyatsira ndi kuyika mtanda. Ngati simumva, ndiye kuti ndi chizindikiro cha kulephera.

Komanso, magwiridwe antchito amatha kuwunika posintha momwe thupi limayendera. Ngati mawonekedwe owala amasintha, ndiye kuti dongosololi likugwira ntchito. Chifukwa cha kusokonekera kungakhale kulumikizana kwamagetsi. Poterepa, zofunikira pakuwunika ntchito zimafunikira.

Kuwongolera kwamtundu woyang'anira ndi gawo lofunikira pachitetezo. Madalaivala ambiri samazindikiritsa izi. Koma muyenera kudziwa kuti kuwunika kolakwika kapena kosawona kumatha kubweretsa zovuta. Izi ndizowona makamaka pamagalimoto okhala ndi nyali za xenon. Osayika ena pangozi.