Mitundu, zida ndi magwiridwe antchito a ma airbags agalimoto

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zachitetezo kwa driver ndi omwe akukwera mgalimoto ndi ma airbags. Kutsegulidwa pakadali pano, zimateteza munthu kuti asagundane ndi chiwongolero, lakutsogolo, mpando wakutsogolo, zipilala zam'mbali ndi ziwalo zina za thupi ndi mkati. Popeza ma airbags adayamba kukhazikitsidwa mgalimoto pafupipafupi, atha kupulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu ambiri omwe akuchita ngozi.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Zitsanzo zoyambirira zama airbags amakono zidawonekera mu 1941, koma nkhondoyo idasokoneza malingaliro a akatswiri. Akatswiriwa adabwerera kukakonza ma airbag utatha nkhondoyi.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mainjiniya awiri omwe ankagwira ntchito mosiyana m'makontinenti osiyanasiyana adatenga nawo gawo pakupanga ma airbags oyamba. Chifukwa chake, pa Ogasiti 18, 1953, waku America John Hetrick adalandira patent yachitetezo chazomwe zingakhudze zinthu zolimba m'chipinda cha omwe adamupangira. Patangotha ​​miyezi itatu, pa Novembala 12, 1953, a Walter Linderer waku Germany adapatsidwa chilolezo chofananira.

Lingaliro la chida chothamangitsira ngozi lidabwera kwa a John Hetrick atachita ngozi yapamsewu m'galimoto yake. Banja lake lonse linali mgalimoto panthawi yangozi. Hetrik anali ndi mwayi: nkhonya sizinali zamphamvu, kotero palibe amene adavulala. Komabe, zochitikazo zidakhudza kwambiri Amereka. Usiku wotsatira ngoziyo itachitika, injiniya adadzitsekera muofesi yake ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito zojambula, malinga ndi zomwe zidapangidwa koyambirira kwa zida zamakono zodzitchinjiriza.

Kupangidwa kwa mainjiniya kwakanthawi kwakhala kusintha kwatsopano. Zotsatira zake, mitundu yoyamba ya Ford idawonekera m'ma 70s azaka za makumi awiri.

Airbag mumagalimoto amakono

Ma airbags tsopano akhazikitsidwa mgalimoto iliyonse. Chiwerengero chawo - kuyambira chidutswa chimodzi mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri - zimatengera kalasi ndi zida zamagalimoto. Ntchito yayikulu ya dongosololi idakali yofananira - kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo cha munthu kugundana ndi liwiro lalikulu ndi zinthu zamkati mwagalimoto.

Chikwama cha mpweya chimangopereka chitetezo chokwanira ku zovuta ngati munthuyo wavala malamba apampando panthawi yoti agundane. Lamba wapampando akasamangidwa, kutsegula kwa chikwama cha mpweya kumatha kuvulaza ena. Kumbukirani kuti ntchito yolondola ya mapilo ndi kuvomereza mutu wa munthu ndi "kutaya" chifukwa cha inertia, kuchepetsa nkhonya, osawulukira kwina.

Mitundu ya ma airbags

Ma airbags onse atha kugawidwa m'mitundu ingapo kutengera momwe adayikidwira mgalimoto.

1. Kutsogolo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mapilo ngati awa adangowonekera mu 1981 pagalimoto za mtundu waku Germany wa Mercedes-Benz. Zapangidwira dalaivala ndi wokwera yemwe wakhala pafupi nawo. Mtsamiro wa dalaivala uli mu chiwongolero, cha wokwerayo - pamwamba pa bolodi (lakutsogolo).
2. Mbali. Mu 1994, Volvo adayamba kuwagwiritsa ntchito. Ma airbags ammbali ndi ofunikira kuteteza thupi lanu munjira ina. Nthawi zambiri, amaphatikizidwa ndi mpando wakumbuyo wakumbuyo. Opanga magalimoto ena amakhalanso ndi zikwama zampweya m'mbali mwa mipando yakumbuyo kwa galimotoyo.
3. Mutu (khalani ndi dzina lachiwiri - "makatani"). Chopangidwa kuti chiteteze mutu kuti usakhudzidwe ndi kugunda kwammbali. Kutengera mtundu wa wopanga komanso wopanga, ma airbags awa amatha kukhazikitsidwa pakati pa zipilala, kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo kwa denga, kuteteza okwera pamzere uliwonse wa mipando yamagalimoto.
4. Zipangizo zamapazi zimapangidwa kuti ziziteteza ma driver ndi maondo ake. M'mitundu ina yamagalimoto, zida zotetezera mapazi a wokweranso zitha kukhazikitsidwa pansi pa "chipinda chamagetsi".
5. Airbag yapakati idaperekedwa ndi Toyota mu 2009. Chipangizochi chakonzedwa kuti chiteteze okwera pamavuto achiwiri omwe angawonongeke. Msoti ukhoza kupezeka pampando wamipando kutsogolo kwa mipando kapena pakati pakampando wakumbuyo.

Chipangizo cha Airbag module

Mapangidwe ake ndiosavuta komanso owongoka. Gawo lirilonse limakhala ndi zinthu ziwiri zokha: pilo palokha (thumba) ndi wopanga mpweya.

1. Chikwamacho (pilo) chimapangidwa ndi chipolopolo chochepa kwambiri cha nkhono, chomwe makulidwe ake sapitilira 0,4 mm. Bokosilo limatha kupirira katundu wambiri kwakanthawi kochepa. Chikwamacho chimayikidwa mu tayala lapadera, lokutidwa ndi pulasitiki kapena chivundikiro cha nsalu.
2. Wopanga gasi, yemwe amapereka "kuwombera" pilo. Kutengera mtundu wamagalimoto, ma airbags oyendetsa ndi oyendetsa amatha kukhala gawo limodzi kapena magawo awiri magudumu ama gasi. Otsatirawa amakhala ndi ma squib awiri, imodzi yomwe imatulutsa pafupifupi 80% ya mpweya, ndipo yachiwiri imangoyambitsidwa ndikumawombana koopsa, chifukwa chake munthu amafunika mtsamiro wolimba. Ma squib amakhala ndi zinthu zofanana ndi ziwombankhanga. Komanso, magudumu amagetsi agawika mafuta olimba (imakhala ndi thupi lodzaza ndi mafuta olimba ngati ma pellets okhala ndi squib) ndi wosakanizidwa (imakhala ndi nyumba yokhala ndi mpweya wopanda mphamvu womwe umapanikizika kwambiri kuchokera ku 200 mpaka 600 bar ndi mafuta olimba okhala ndi pyro cartridge). Kuyaka kwa mafuta olimba kumabweretsa kutseguka kwa mafuta osungunuka, kenako osakaniza amalowa mumtsamiro. Mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wamagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito zimadalira makamaka cholinga cha malo okhala ndi airbag.

Momwe ntchito

Mfundo za ma airbags ndizosavuta.

• Galimoto ikagundana ndi chopinga liwiro, masensa akutsogolo, mbali kapena kumbuyo amakopeka (kutengera gawo lanji la thupi lomwe linagundidwa). Masensa nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha kugunda msanga pamwamba pa 20 km / h. Komabe, amawunikiranso mphamvu zake, kuti airbag itumizidwe ngakhale m'galimoto yoyima ikayigunda.Kuwonjezera pa masensa amtunduwu, masensa apampando wapaulendo amathanso kukhazikitsidwa kuti azindikire kupezeka kwa okwera mu galimoto. Ngati dalaivala ali m'kanyumbako, masensawo amaletsa ma airbags apaulendo kuti ayambitsidwe.
• Kenako amatumiza chizindikiritso ku gawo loyang'anira zamagetsi la SRS, lomwe limasanthula zakufunika kotumizira ndikupereka lamulolo kuma airbags.
• Zomwe zimachokera ku unit control zimalandiridwa ndi jenereta yamagesi, momwe zoyatsira zimayendetsedwa, ndikupangitsa kukakamizidwa kowonjezera ndi kutentha mkati.
• Chifukwa cha kuyatsa kwa mafutawo, asidi wa sodium amapsa nthawi yomweyo mu jenereta ya gasi, kutulutsa nayitrogeni wambiri. Mpweya umalowa mu airbag ndikutsegula airbag nthawi yomweyo. Kuthamanga kwa airbag kuli pafupifupi 300 km / h.
• Asanadzaze thumba la mpweya, nayitrogeni amalowa mu fyuluta yachitsulo, yomwe imaziziritsa mpweya ndikuchotsa zinthu zina kuyaka.

Njira yonse yokulira yofotokozedwa pamwambayi imatenga zosaposa 30 milliseconds. Chikwamacho chimasunga mawonekedwe ake kwa masekondi 10, kenako chimayamba kuchepa.

Mtsamiro wotsegulidwa sungakonzedwe kapena kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Woyendetsa ayenera kupita kumsonkhano kuti akalowetse ma module a airbag, omangirira lamba ndi oyang'anira a SRS.

Kodi ndizotheka kuletsa ma airbags

Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse ma airbags m'galimoto mwachisawawa, chifukwa dongosololi limapereka chitetezo chofunikira kwa dalaivala komanso okwera pakagwa ngozi. Komabe, ndizotheka kutseka dongosololi ngati airbag ivulaza kwambiri kuposa zabwino. Chifukwa chake, pilo amalephera ngati mwana wayendetsedwa pampando wamagalimoto amwana kumpando wakutsogolo. Zoletsa ana zimapangidwa kuti ziziteteza kwambiri okwera ang'onoang'ono popanda zowonjezera zowonjezera. Koma mtsamiro wowotchera moto ungavulaze mwana.

Komanso ma airbags apaulendo amalimbikitsidwa kuti akhale olumala pazifukwa zina zamankhwala:

• pa nthawi ya mimba;
• mu ukalamba;
• matenda a mafupa ndi mafupa.

Kukhazikitsa airbag, ndikofunikira kuyeza maubwino ndi zoyipa zake, chifukwa pakagwa mwadzidzidzi, udindo wopulumutsa moyo ndi thanzi la okwera udzagona ndi woyendetsa.

Njira yonyamulira wa airbag itha kusiyanasiyana kutengera kapangidwe kake ndi mtundu wa galimotoyo. Kuti mudziwe momwe makinawa adakhazikitsira m'galimoto yanu, onani buku lamagalimoto anu.

Airbag ndichinthu chofunikira pakudzitchinjiriza kwa dalaivala ndi omwe akukwera. Komabe, kudalira mapilo okha sikulandiridwa. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ndizothandiza pokhapokha zikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malamba omangira. Ngati pakadali pano munthuyo sanamangidwe, adzauluka ndi inertia kulunjika pilo, womwe ukuwombera liwiro la 300 km / h. Kuvulala kwakukulu pamikhalidwe yotere sikungapeweke. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti madalaivala ndi okwera ndege azikumbukira za chitetezo ndikumanga lamba wapampando paulendo uliwonse.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chimatchedwa chitetezo chamgalimoto chogwira ntchito? Izi ndizinthu zingapo zamapangidwe agalimoto, komanso zinthu zina ndi machitidwe omwe amaletsa ngozi zapamsewu.

Ndi mitundu yanji yachitetezo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mgalimoto? Pali mitundu iwiri ya machitidwe otetezera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto amakono. Yoyamba imakhala yokhazikika (imachepetsa kuvulala pa ngozi zapamsewu), yachiwiri imakhala yogwira ntchito (imateteza ngozi zapamsewu).