Yesani kuyendetsa maloto: kuchokera ku Wankel kupita ku injini ya HCCI

Momwe injini yoyendera idathandizira Mazda waku Japan kukhala momwe ziliri lero

Zaka 60 pambuyo pa kulengedwa kwa injini yoyamba yogwira ntchito ya Wankel, patatha zaka 50 kukhazikitsidwa kwake ndi Mazda ndi chilengezo chovomerezeka cha kampaniyo kuti yapanga injini yogwira ntchito ya HCCI, iyi ndi nthawi yobwerera ku mbiri yapaderayi. injini kutentha.

Mazda sakubisanso kuti kukula kwa injini yomwe imagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana mumitundu ya HCCI - kapena kusakanikirana kofanana ndi kuyatsa kwapang'onopang'ono kwakhala kopambana, ndipo ikufuna kuyambitsa mndandanda wa injini zotere kuyambira 2019. N'zosadabwitsa kuti Mazda nthawi zonse amatha kudabwitsa anthu amagalimoto. Ngakhale kuyang'ana mwachidule pa mbiri yakale ya mtunduwu ndikokwanira kupeza magwero a mawu awa. Mpaka posachedwapa, kampani Japanese anali yekha ndi khama chonyamulira wa lingaliro Wankel ndi Mlengi woyamba wa magalimoto ndi injini ntchito pa Miller mkombero (Mazda Xedos 9 kuchokera 1993 mpaka 2003, ndiyeno Demio, kudziwika ku Ulaya monga Mazda 2).

Choyenera kutchula apa ndi injini ya dizilo ya Comprex wave-compression, cascaded, twin-jet ndi geometry yokakamiza ya injini ya petulo (mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Mazda RX-7), makina owongolera kumbuyo kwa 626 kuyambira kumapeto kwa 80s. zaka, wapadera i-Stop kuyamba-kuyimitsa dongosolo, imene kuyambira amathandizidwa ndi kuyaka, ndi dongosolo kuchira mphamvu ntchito i-Eloop capacitors. Pomaliza, zindikirani kuti ndi wopanga yekha waku Japan yemwe adapambana 24 Hours of Le Mans - ndi galimoto yoyendetsedwa ndi Wankel, inde! Pankhani yamakongoletsedwe, zitsanzo monga Luce, Wankel Cosmo Sport wodziwika bwino, RX-7 ndi RX-8, MX-5 Roadster ndi Mazda 6 amalankhula kwambiri za mtundu wamtunduwu mderali. Koma si zokhazo - m'zaka zaposachedwa, injini za Skyactiv zasonyeza osati kuti injini yoyaka moto ikadali ndi njira yayitali, koma Mazda akhoza kusonyeza njira yakeyake.

Tikuwuzani zambiri zakutsogolo kwa mainjiniya a kampaniyi tikadzacheza ku Mazda ku Japan kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Komabe, zifukwa za nkhaniyi sizokha zomwe zimapezeka pamutu waung'ono. Chifukwa kuti timvetsetse zifukwa zomwe opanga Mazda adatha kupanga injini yawo ya HCCI, titha kubwerera m'mbiri ya kampaniyo.

Injini ya Rotary monga maziko a Skyactiv-X

Funsani katswiri wothamanga kwambiri yemwe wamaliza ulendo wa makilomita 160 ngati pangakhale vuto lililonse pomaliza mpikisano wothamanga wa makilomita 42. Mwina, sangayendetse maola awiri, koma akhoza kupitirizabe kwa maola ena 42 pa liwiro labwino kwambiri. Ndi malingaliro awa, ngati kampani yanu ili ku Hiroshima, ngati kwazaka zambiri mwakhala mukuvutika ndi zovuta zazikulu zozungulira injini ya piston ndikuthana ndi mavuto ambiri ndi mafuta kapena mpweya, zotsatira za mafunde ndi turbocharging, kapena makamaka njira zoyatsira chipinda cha chikwakwa chokhala ndi chipika chosinthika. voliyumu yotengera Wankel, mutha kukhala ndi maziko okhazikika omangira injini ya HCCI. Chiyambi cha polojekiti "Skyactiv" chinaperekedwa zaka khumi zapitazo, mu 2007 (chaka chomwe Mercedes adayambitsa injini ya HCCI Diesotto yapamwamba kwambiri), ndipo panthawiyo "Mazda RX-8" ya Wankel idakalipo. Monga mukudziwa, akatswiri a kampani yaku Japan akuyesa njira zoyendetsera HCCI ndendende popanga ma prototypes a injini zozungulira za Skyactiv-R. Mwinamwake, polojekiti ya HCCI, yotchedwa Mazda SPCCI (Spark Plug Conrolled Compression Ignition) kapena Skyactiv-X, inaphatikizapo akatswiri ochokera ku dipatimenti ya rotary ndi dipatimenti ya injini ya mafuta ndi dizilo, chifukwa ngakhale pakupanga njira yoyaka moto ku Skyactiv-D akhoza kuzindikira zolemba za anthu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi chitukuko cha ndondomeko ya HCCI. Mulungu amadziwa pamene chisinthiko cha injini za Skyactiav chinasandulika kukhala injini yowonongeka komanso yodziwotcha - injiniya wa Mazda akhala akudziwika kuti akutenga nawo mbali pamutuwu - koma mwina zinachitika pamene injini ya Wankel idakali moyo.

Zaka makumi akupanga magalimoto ozungulira, ambiri a iwo okha, sangabweretse Mazda phindu lalikulu lazachuma, komanso zidzabweretsa kuzindikira kwa mzimu wosagwedezeka, kupeza njira zothetsera mavuto amitundu yonse, kupirira kodabwitsa komanso, chifukwa chake, kudzikundikira zambiri komanso zamtengo wapatali. Komabe, malinga ndi Kiyoshi Fujiwara, yemwe ali ndi udindo wopanga zinthu ku Mazda, aliyense wa opanga nawo pulojekiti ya Skyactiv amanyamula mzimu wa injini ya Wankel, koma amasintha kukhala mwayi wokonza injini wamba. Kapena mu HCCI yomwe si yachikhalidwe. "Koma chilakolako ndi chomwecho. Ndi iye amene amapanga Skyactiv kukhala zenizeni. Ulendo weniweniwu wakhala wosangalatsa kwambiri m'moyo wanga. Ndizowona kuti kampani iliyonse imapanga magalimoto kuti agulitse ndikupeza ndalama,” akufotokoza motero Seita Kanai, Mkulu wa Zachitukuko ku Mazda, “koma ndikhulupirireni, kwa ife a Mazda, mfundo yakuti magalimoto amene timapanga ndi ofunika kwambiri. zimachokera m'mitima yathu, ndipo nthawi iliyonse kumanga kwawo kumakhala kosangalatsa kwa ife. Cholinga chachikulu cha njirayi ndi chilakolako chathu. Kukhala wabwino koposa ndiye chikondi changa chaukadaulo. ”

Maloto achichepere

Mwina m'zaka za m'ma 60, injiniya wa galimoto yoyamba ya "Mazda" yomwe inatulutsidwa posachedwapa anapeza "buku la engineering lao" mu injini ya Wankel. Chifukwa injini yozungulira idabadwa kuchokera ku maloto a mnyamata wazaka 17 wa ku Germany ku 1919 ndipo dzina lake ndi Felix Wankel. Kalelo, yemwe anabadwa mu 1902 m’chigawo cha Lahr ku Germany (kumene Otto, Daimler ndi Benz anabadwira), anauza anzake kuti galimoto yake yamaloto inali ndi injini yomwe inali theka la turbine, theka pistoni. Panthawi imeneyo, analibe chidziwitso choyambirira cha injini zoyatsira zamkati, koma mwachidziwitso amakhulupirira kuti injini yake ikhoza kugwira ntchito zinayi - kudya, kuponderezana, kuchitapo kanthu ndi kutopa pamene pisitoni ikuzungulira. Ndi chidziwitso ichi chomwe chidzamutsogolere kwa nthawi yayitali kuti apange injini yozungulira yomwe imagwira ntchito, yomwe okonza ena adayesa mosalephera kangapo kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 16.

Bambo ake a Wankel anamwalira pa nthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, kenako mnyamatayo anagulitsa mabuku osindikizidwa komanso kuwerenga mabuku ambiri a luso. Mu 1924, ali ndi zaka 22, anayambitsa labotale yaing'ono yopanga injini yozungulira, ndipo mu 1927 anapanga zojambula zoyamba za "Die Drehkolbenmaschine" (makina a piston). Mu 1939, Utumiki wanzeru wa Aviation anapeza njere zomveka mu injini rotary ndipo anatembenukira kwa Hitler, amene iye mwini analamula kuti amasulidwe Wankel, amene pa nthawiyo m'ndende pa malamulo a Gauleiter m'deralo, ndi kukonzekeretsa zasayansi experimental pa Nyanja. Constance. Kumeneko adapanga zojambula za BMW, Lillethal, DVL, Junkers ndi Daimler-Benz. Komabe, injini yoyamba yoyesera ya Wankel idabwera mochedwa kwambiri kuti ithandizire kupulumuka kwa Third Reich. Pambuyo pa kudzipereka kwa Germany, a French anamanga Wankel - zomwezo zomwe adachita kale ndi Ferdinand Porsche. Patatha chaka chimodzi, Felix anamasulidwa ndipo, chifukwa chosowa ntchito yopindulitsa, anayamba kulemba buku la injini za pistoni zozungulira. Pambuyo pake adayambitsa Technical Institute for Engineering Research ndipo anapitiriza kupanga makina ozungulira ndi ma compressor kuti agwiritse ntchito mafakitale. Mu 1951, mlengi wofuna anakwanitsa kukopa mutu wa NSU Sports njinga yamoto dipatimenti, Walter Frede, kuti agwirizane. Wankel ndi NSU adayang'ana khama lawo pa injini yozungulira yokhala ndi chipinda chooneka ngati apulo (trochoid) ndi pistoni yokhala ndi mipanda itatu. Mu 1957, woyamba ntchito prototype wa injini unamangidwa pansi pa dzina DKN. Ili ndiye tsiku lobadwa la injini ya Wankel.

60s: tsogolo labwino la injini yozungulira

DKM ikuwonetsa kuti injini yozungulira simaloto chabe. Injini yeniyeni ya Wankel mu mawonekedwe okhazikika omwe tikudziwa ndi KKM yotsatira. NSU ndi Wankel mogwirizana adagwirizanitsa malingaliro oyambirira okhudzana ndi kusindikiza pisitoni, spark plug positioning, kudzaza mabowo, kutulutsa mpweya, mafuta, kuyaka, zipangizo ndi mipata yopanga. Komabe, mavuto ambiri amakhalabe ...

Izi sizilepheretsa NSU kulengeza mwalamulo kupanga injini yamtsogolo mu 1959. Makampani opitilira 100 amapereka mgwirizano waukadaulo, kuphatikiza Mercedes, Rolls-Royce, GM, Alfa Romeo, Porsche, Citroen, MAN ndi angapo opanga makina amagula ziphaso. Zina mwa izo ndi Mazda, pulezidenti wake Tsunei Matsuda amawona mphamvu zazikulu mu injini. Kuphatikiza pazokambirana ndi akatswiri a NSU, Mazda ikukhazikitsa dipatimenti yake ya Wankel Engine Development, yomwe poyamba imaphatikizapo mainjiniya 47.

Nyuzipepala ya New York Herald Tribune yalengeza kuti injini ya Wankel ndi njira yosinthira zinthu. Panthawi imeneyo, magawo a NSU adaphulika - ngati mu 1957 adagulitsa zizindikiro za German 124, ndiye mu 1960 adafika ku cosmic 3000! Mu 1960, galimoto yoyamba ya Wankel-powered, NSU Prinz III, inayambitsidwa. Anatsatiridwa mu Seputembara 1963 ndi NSU Wankel Spider yokhala ndi injini imodzi yachipinda 500 cc, yomwe idapambana mpikisano waku Germany patatha zaka ziwiri. Komabe, kumverera kwa Frankfurt Motor Show 3 kunali NSU Ro 1968 yatsopano. Sedan yokongola, yopangidwa ndi Klaus Lüthe, ndi avant-garde m'njira iliyonse, ndi mawonekedwe ake aerodynamic (kuthamanga kwa 80 kokha kumapangitsa galimoto kukhala yapadera. kwa nthawi yake) zidatheka ndi injini yaing'ono yamapasa-rotor KKM 0,35. Kutumiza kuli ndi clutch ya hydraulic, mabuleki anayi a disc, ndipo mbali yakutsogolo ili pafupi ndi kufalitsa. Ro 612 inali yosangalatsa kwambiri panthawi yake kotero kuti idapambana Car of the Year mu 80. Chaka chotsatira, Felix Wankel adalandira PhD yake kuchokera ku Technical University of Munich ndipo adalandira mendulo ya golidi ya German Federation of Engineers, mphoto yolemekezeka kwambiri pazochitika za sayansi ndi luso ku Germany.

(kutsatira)

Zolemba: Georgy Kolev