Kuphatikiza kwama viscous: chida, zovuta ndi kukonza

Makina oyaka amkati amkati amafunika kuzirala. Izi ndichifukwa chodziwika bwino pantchito yake. Kusakaniza kwa mpweya ndi mafuta kumayaka mkati mwazitsulo, momwe cholembapo, mutu, makina otulutsa utsi ndi machitidwe ena ofanana amatenthetsa mpaka kutentha kwambiri, makamaka ngati injini ili ndi turbocharged (za chifukwa chake turbocharger ili mgalimoto, ndi momwe works, werengani apa). Ngakhale zinthu izi zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zosagwira kutentha, zimafunikiranso kuzirala (zimatha kupunduka ndikukula panthawi yotentha kwambiri).

Pachifukwa ichi, opanga makina apanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yozizira yomwe imatha kutentha kwa injini (zomwe parameter iyenera kufotokozedwa m'nkhani ina). Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangidwira kuzirala ndizopusa. Sitingaganizire kapangidwe ka chinthu ichi palokha - tili nazo kale za izi. ndemanga ina... Tiyeni tiwone chimodzi mwazomwe mungasankhe pagalimoto iyi - kulumikizana kwamaso.

Ganizirani za mtundu wanji wa chipangizocho, momwe mfundo yake imagwirira ntchito, zovuta zake ndizotani, komanso zosankha zokonzera makinawo kapena m'malo mwake.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kulumikizana kwa viscous kwa fan yozizira

Galimoto yamakono ili ndi makina ozizira otere, omwe amawotchera magetsi. Koma nthawi zina pamakhala makina otere omwe amalumikizidwa, omwe ali ndi makina owoneka bwino. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka gawo ili, limangogwira ntchito pamagalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo. Pachifukwa ichi, injini imayima motalika m'chipinda cha injini. Popeza mitundu yayikulu yamagalimoto amakono imakhala ndi zotumiza zomwe zimafalitsa makokedwe kutsogolo kwa matayala amtunduwu, kusinthidwa kwa mafani pamagalimoto apaulendo ndikosowa.

Njirayi imagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo zotsatirazi. Fani imadziyendetsa yokha, yomwe nyumba yake imalumikizidwa ndi viscous, yolumikizidwa ndi crankshaft pulley pogwiritsa ntchito lamba. Pali mitundu yamagalimoto momwe chozungulira cholumikizira chimalumikizidwa ndi crankshaft. Palinso zosankha zina zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi camshaft pulley.

Nyumba yoyendetsera makinawo imakhala ndi zimbale ziwiri, imodzi mwayo idakwera pagalimoto. Mtunda pakati pawo ndi wocheperako kotero kuti kutsekereza kumachitika mwachangu malinga ndi kutentha kwa zinthu zogwirira ntchito kapena kusintha kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe ake chifukwa cha makina amachitidwe (non-Newtonia fluid). Diski yachiwiri imalumikizidwa ndi zotengera zimakupiza zomwe zimapezeka kuseri kwa radiator yozizira (kuti mumve zambiri pazosintha zosiyanasiyana ndi momwe gawo ili limagwirira ntchito, werengani kubwereza kwina). Thupi la rotor limayikidwa bwino kotero kuti kuyendetsa sikungasinthasintha mawonekedwe onse (izi ndi zochitika zakale), koma pakapangidwe kamakono rotor ndi gawo la kapangidwe kazipangizo (thupi lomwelo limazungulira, komwe impeller imakhazikika).

Mpaka makinawo atatsekedwa, makokedwe samatumizidwa kuchokera kwa dalaivala kupita pazoyendetsa. Chifukwa cha izi, zosunthazo sizizungulirazungulira nthawi yonse yomwe makina oyaka amkati akugwira ntchito. M'nyengo yozizira, komanso pokonzekera magetsi (werengani mosiyana za bwanji kutentha motadongosolo lozizira siliyenera kugwira ntchito. Mpaka pomwe mota ikufunika kuzirala, makina ozungulira a viscous coupling amakhalabe opanda kanthu.

Injini ikatentha, mbale ya bimetallic imayamba kupunduka. Mbaleyo pang'onopang'ono imatsegula njira yomwe imathandizira madzi amadzimadzi. Itha kukhala mafuta akuda, zinthu za silicone, viscous gel, ndi zina zambiri. (zimatengera momwe wopanga amagwiritsa ntchito kutulutsa torque kuchokera pa pulley kupita pa disk yoyendetsedwa ndi chipangizocho), koma nthawi zambiri silikoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zotere. Mumitundu ina yolumikizira ma viscous, madzi amadzimadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chochititsa chidwi chake ndikuti kukhuthala kwa chinthu chomwe chapatsidwa kumasintha kutengera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi. Malingana ngati kuyenda kwa ma disk kuli kosalala, madziwo amakhalabe amadzimadzi. Koma atangofika kusintha kwa chinthu choyendetsa, mphamvu yamagetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthuzo, chifukwa chake mamasukidwe akayendedwe ake amasintha. Ma coupcous amakono a viscous ndi nthawi imodzi yodzazidwa ndi zinthu zotere, ndipo sikuyenera kusinthidwa nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito yolumikizira.

Ma coupling owoneka bwino angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira izi. Pambuyo pake, tiwona komwe kuli kachitidwe koteroko. Ponena za kugwirira ntchito kwa zimakupiza ndi cholumikizira chowoneka bwino, mbale ya bimetallic ikangotsegula njira yolowera, makinawo amayamba kudzaza pang'onopang'ono ndi zinthu zomwe zikugwira ntchito. Izi zimapanga kulumikizana pakati pa ma master ndi ma disc oyendetsedwa. Makina oterewa safuna kuthamanga kwambiri m'mimbamo kuti agwire ntchito. Kuti pakhale kulumikizana kwabwino pakati pa ma disc, mawonekedwe ake amapangidwa ndi nthiti zazing'ono (m'mitundu ina yama viscous couplings, disc iliyonse imapangidwira).

Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yozungulira yochokera ku injini kupita pazitsulo za zimakupatsira imafalikira kudzera pazinthu zowoneka bwino zomwe zimalowa mozungulira mozungulira ndikumagwera pazitsulo zopindika za ma disks. Nyumba zolumikizira zowoneka bwino zadzazidwa ndi chinthuchi, chifukwa chomwe mphamvu ya centrifugal imapangidwanso, monga mu injini yamagetsi (kuti mumve zambiri za momwe pampu yamadzi yozizira imagwirira ntchito, akufotokozedwa m'nkhani ina).

1 - valavu ndi ajar (kutenthetsa injini);
2 - kupindika pang'ono kwa mbale ya bimetallic (motor ofunda);
3 - yokhota kumapeto bimetallic mbale (injini yotentha);
4 - valavu imatsegulidwa kwathunthu (motor ndi yotentha);
5 - kuyendetsa kuchokera ku injini yoyaka mkati;
6 - viscous coupling drive;
7 - mafuta mu makina.

Ma antifreeze omwe ali mu rediyeta atakhazikika pamlingo woyenera, mbale ya bimetallic imayamba mawonekedwe ake oyamba, ndipo ngalande yotsegulira imatsegulidwa mu clutch. Madzi ogwirira ntchito motsogozedwa ndi mphamvu ya centrifugal amasunthira mosungira, kuchokera komwe, ngati kuli kofunikira, ayambanso kuponyedweranso pamphika wolumikizananso.

Kugwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira cha viscous, ngati madzi ogwirira ntchito atengera silicone, ili ndi zinthu ziwiri:

1. Kulumikizana pakati ma discs sikuti kumangokhala chifukwa cha mphamvu ya centrifugal. Kuthamanga komwe kumayendetsa mwachangu, silicone imasakanikirana. Kuchokera mwamphamvu imakhala yolimba, yomwe imathandizira kutengeka kwa gulu la disc;
2. Madziwo akamatentha, amakula, zomwe zimapangitsa kukakamira mkati mwake.

Poyenda yunifolomu ya makinawo, magalimoto amayenda pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa cha ichi, madzimadzi omwe amaphatikizira samasakanikirana kwambiri. Koma dalaivala akayamba kuyendetsa galimoto, pamakhala kusiyana pakati pa kasinthasintha ka ma drive oyendetsa ndi oyendetsa, chifukwa komwe malo ogwirira ntchito amakhala osakanikirana. Kukhuthala kwa madzi kumawonjezeka, ndipo mayendedwe oyenda mozungulira amayamba kutumizidwa bwino kwambiri pagulu la ma disc oyendetsedwa (mumitundu ina, palibe chida chimodzi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma magulu awiri, chilichonse chomwe chimasinthana) .

Ngati kusiyana kwa mapaketi a disc ndikosiyana, chinthucho chimakhala cholimba, chomwe chimapangitsa kutsekedwa kwa clutch. Njira yofananira yogwira ili ndi cholumikizira chowoneka bwino, chomwe chimayikidwa pakufalitsa kwa makina m'malo mosiyanitsa pakati. Mwa makonzedwe amenewa, galimoto imasokonekera pagudumu loyenda kutsogolo, koma gudumu lirilonse likayamba kuterera, kukwera kwakanthawi kosiyanasiyana kumathandizira loko ndikutenga chitsulo chakumbuyo. Makina omwewo atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati masiyanidwe oyenda pakati (kuti mumve zambiri chifukwa chake galimoto ikusowa kusiyanasiyana, werengani m'nkhani ina).

Mosiyana ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa, kusinthidwa kwa fan yozizira kumakhala ndi nkhokwe yapadera momwe kuchuluka kwa zinthu zogwirira ntchito zimasungidwa. Galimoto ikakhala kuti ikukonzekera kutentha, imodzi mu mzere wa OS imatsekedwa (kuti mumve zambiri za momwe thermostat imagwirira ntchito, onani apa), ndipo ma antifreeze amayenda mozungulira. M'magalimoto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ozizira ndi nyengo yozizira, kuti mugwiritse ntchito, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito makina otentha a ICE (werengani mwatsatanetsatane payokha).

Pamene dongosololi likuzizira, valavu yotsitsa yomwe ili munyumba ya clutch ndiyotseguka ndipo chimbale choyendetsa chozungulira chimaponyera madzimadzi obwera kuchokera posungira kubwerera m'ngalande. Chifukwa, lumikiza viscous sizikugwira ntchito chifukwa chosowa zowalamulira pakati zimbale ndi. Masamba a zimakupiza sizimazungulira ndipo rediyeta sichiwombedwa. Pamene mafuta osakaniza a mpweya akupitirizabe kuyaka mu injini, amatentha.

Nthawi yomwe thermostat imatsegulidwa, yozizira (yozizira kapena yozizira) imayamba kuyenderera kudera komwe kulumikizirana kwa radiator kutentha. Kutentha kwa mbale ya bimetallic (imalumikizidwa ndi nyumba yolumikizira yakutsogolo kutsogolo, pafupi kwambiri ndi radiator) chifukwa cha kutentha kochokera ku radiator. Chifukwa chosinthika, malo amatsekedwa. Zinthu zogwirira ntchito sizichotsedwa pamimbayo, ndipo imayamba kudzaza ndi madzi. Madziwo amakula pang'onopang'ono ndikukula. Izi zimathandizira kulumikizana kosalala kwa disc yoyendetsedwa, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi shaft yoyendetsedwa ndi chosunthira.

Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa zimakupiza, mpweya ukuyenda kudzera pakuwonjezera kutentha kumawonjezeka. Komanso, dongosolo lozizira limagwira ntchito mofananamo ndi kukhazikitsa fani yokhala ndi mota wamagetsi. Wozizilitsa atakhazikika ku gawo lomwe mukufuna, mbale ya bimetallic imayamba kupanga mawonekedwe ake, kutsegula ngalande. Mankhwala amachotsedwa ndi inertia mu thanki. Chowongolera pakati pa ma disc pang'onopang'ono chimachepa ndipo zimakupiza zimayima bwino.

Chipangizo ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu

Taganizirani zomwe zigawo zikuluzikulu zolumikizira zowoneka bwino zimakhala. Chipangizocho chili ndi zinthu izi:

• Thupi losindikizidwa bwino (popeza limadzaza madzi nthawi zonse, gawo ili limayenera kusindikizidwa kuti lisatayike);
• Mapaketi awiri azimbale za perforated kapena ribbed. Phukusi limodzi ndi mbuye ndipo winayo ndi kapolo. Mosasamala kanthu kuchuluka kwa zinthu zama disc mu phukusi lililonse, zonse zimasinthana, chifukwa madziwo amasakanikirana bwino;
• Chinyezi chodumphira chomwe chimatumiza makokedwe m'nyumba zotsekedwa kuchokera phukusi limodzi kupita kwina.

Wopanga aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito maziko ake pakumwa madzi, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala silicone. Madzi akamagwedezeka mwamphamvu, mamasukidwe akayendedwe amakula mpaka kulimba. Komanso, ma coupling amakono a viscous amaperekedwa ngati ng'oma, thupi lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi zotengera ndi ma bolts. Pakatikati pa thupi pali shaft yosinthasintha momasuka ndi nati yomwe imakoka pulley kapena mota shaft.

Pang'ono za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ma viscous coupling

Kuphatikiza pa kuzirala kwamitundu ina yamagalimoto, kulumikizana kwa viscous kungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'dongosolo limodzi lagalimoto. Izi ndi plug-in-wheel-drive drive (chomwe chiri ndi momwe galimoto yotere imagwirira ntchito ikufotokozedwa m'nkhani yapadera).

Nthawi zambiri, zosintha zina zoterezi zimalumikizidwa ndi ma viscous coupling. Iwo m'malo mwa masiyanidwe apakati, kotero kuti pamene magudumu oyendetsa amaterera, gulu la ma disc limayamba kuzungulira mofulumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzimadzi akhale owoneka bwino. Chifukwa cha izi, drive ya disc imayamba kupatsira makokedwe ku analog yoyendetsedwa. Katundu wotereyu wa kulumikizana kwa viscous amalola, ngati kuli kofunikira, kulumikiza chitsulo chogwirizira chaulere ndi kufalitsa kwa galimoto.

Magwiridwe antchito basi sikutanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito zamagetsi zotsogola. Mwa mitundu ina, mothandizidwa ndi chitsulo chachiwiri chomwe chitha kulumikizidwa ndi yomwe ikutsogolera, iyi ndi 4Matic yoyendetsa magudumu onse (ikufotokozedwa apa) kapena xDrive (kusinthaku kukupezekanso osiyana review).

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma viscous coupling pama wheel wheel anayi kumakhala kwanzeru chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kosavuta komanso kudalirika. Popeza zimagwira ntchito popanda zamagetsi ndi zina, ma coupcous viscous ndiotsika mtengo kuposa anzawo amagetsi. Komanso, kapangidwe ka makinawo ndi kolimba kwambiri - amatha kupirira kuthamanga mpaka 20 atm. Pali zochitika pomwe galimoto yokhala ndi cholumikizira chowoneka bwino chotumizira imagwira ntchito kwa zaka zopitilira zisanu itagulitsidwa kumsika wachiwiri, ndipo isanachitike idagwiranso ntchito moyenera kwa zaka zingapo.

Chosavuta chachikulu ndikutumiza kumeneku ndikuchedwa kwa chitsulo chachiwiri - mawilo oyendetsa amayenera kutsetsereka kwambiri kuti clutch itsekeke. Komanso, dalaivala sangakakamize kulumikiza chitsulo chachiwiri chachiwiri ngati msewu ukufunika kuyendetsa kwa magudumu onse. Kuphatikiza apo, kulumikizana kwa viscous kumatha kutsutsana ndi dongosolo la ABS (kuti mumve zambiri momwe imagwirira ntchito, werengani apa).

Kutengera mtundu wamagalimoto, dalaivala akhoza kukumana ndi zovuta zina za makinawa. Chifukwa cha zofookazi, opanga makina ambiri akusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira zowoneka bwino potumiza magalimoto oyendetsa magudumu onse m'malo mwa anzawo amagetsi. Chitsanzo cha njirazi ndi kulumikizana kwa Haldex. Makhalidwe amtundu wamtunduwu amafotokozedwa m'nkhani ina.

Mayeso Ogwira Ntchito

Sikovuta kuti muwone zowonera zowoneka bwino. Malinga ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito galimoto, izi ziyenera kuchitika koyamba pa injini yoyaka mkati, kenako zikafika pakuyatsa. Umu ndi momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito munjira izi:

• Cold dongosolo... Injiniyo imathamanga, driver amayendetsa liwiro la injini kangapo kwakanthawi kochepa. Chida chogwiritsira ntchito sichitha kupatsira mphepo, chifukwa malo ake ayenera kukhala otseguka ndipo palibe kulumikizana pakati pa ma disc.
• Hot dongosolo... Poterepa, kutengera kutentha kwa antifreeze, kulumikizana kwa dera loyenda kumadalira, ndipo zimakupiza zimazungulira pang'ono. Ma revs akuyenera kukulira dalaivala akakanikiza cholembera cha accelerator. Pakadali pano, kutentha kwa injini kumakwera, pampu imayendetsa ma antifreeze otentha pamzere wopita ku radiator, ndipo mbale ya bimetallic idapunduka, kutsekereza kutuluka kwa madzi ogwirira ntchito.

Makinawa amatha kufufuzidwa pawokha popanda kudziwa malo opumira motere:

1. Magalimoto sakugwira ntchito. Yesetsani kuyika masamba a fan. Pochita izi, kulimbana kwina kuyenera kumveka. Wopanikizira sayenera kuyendetsedwa ndi inertia;
2. Injini imayamba. Phokoso laling'ono liyenera kumveka mkati mwa makinawo kwa masekondi angapo oyamba, omwe amafa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa chodzaza mphako ndi madzi ogwirira ntchito.
3. Injini itatha pang'ono, koma isanafikebe kutentha kwa opangira (chopimitsira sichinatsegulidwe), masamba adzazungulira pang'ono. Timapinda pepala mu chubu ndikuliyika mu impeller. Wowonera akuyenera kutseka, koma payenera kukhala kukana.
4. Gawo lotsatira limaphatikizapo kusokoneza kulumikizana. Chipangizocho chimamizidwa m'madzi otentha kuti kutentha mkati mwake. Kuyesa kutembenuza masamba kuyenera kutsagana ndi kukana kwa makinawo. Ngati izi sizingachitike, izi zikutanthauza kuti mu clutch palibe zinthu zokwanira zowoneka bwino. Pakugwira ntchitoyi, mutha kuchotsanso chosinthitsa cha kutentha ndikuchizunguliza.
5. Fufuzani kusewera kwanthawi yayitali. Pogwirira ntchito, izi siziyenera kutero, popeza kusiyana kosalekeza kuyenera kusungidwa pakati pa ma disc. Kupanda kutero, makinawo amafunikira kukonza kapena kusintha.

Sikoyenera kuti mufufuze zina ngati nthawi ina kukanika kwa zimakupiza kumapezeka. Kaya zowalamulira zikufunika kukonzedwa kapena ayi, nthawi zonse pamakhala zofunikira kuti muzizizira kumapeto kwa nyengo yachilimwe. Pachifukwa ichi, chosinthira kutentha chimachotsedwa ndipo kuipitsidwa kulikonse kwamtundu wa masamba, masamba, ndi zina zambiri kumachotsedwa pamwamba pake.

Zizindikiro

Popeza zimakupiza mu chipinda injini lakonzedweratu kwa kuzirala galimoto pa ntchito yake, kutenthedwa kwa wagawo mphamvu - chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu za kuwonongeka zowalamulira. Tisaiwale kuti ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kulephera kwa zinthu zina dongosolo kuzirala, monga imodzi.

Galimotoyo idzatenthedwa kwambiri chifukwa chakuti kutayikira kwapangidwa mu clutch, ndipo madzimadzi amasamutsa mphamvu zoyenda pakati pama disc bwino kapena sizimapereka kulumikizanaku konse. Komanso, kulephera kofananako kungadziwonetse chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mwadzidzidzi mbale ya bimetallic.

Chowotcha chikapanda kuchita bwino, choperekacho chimasiya kuzungulira kapena kugwira ntchito yake mwachangu pang'ono, sipamakhala mpweya wowonjezera womwe umaperekedwa kwa wosinthanitsa kutentha, ndipo kutentha kwamagalimoto kumakwera mwachangu kufika pamtengo wofunikira. Ngati galimoto ikuyenda, ndiye kuti radiator imawombedwa bwino, ndipo mpweya sukakamizidwa, koma galimoto ikayima, chipinda chama injini sichikhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, ndipo makina onse ndi misonkhano ikuluikulu imakhala yotenthedwa.

Chizindikiro china cha vuto lowoneka bwino la clutch chitha kuzindikirika poyambitsa injini yozizira ndikuwona momwe zimakhalira. Pa gawo losasunthika, makinawa sayenera kuzungulira. zotsatira zosiyana zimawonedwa pamene chinthu chogwirira ntchito chitaya katundu wake, mwachitsanzo, chimakhazikika. Chifukwa cha kusewera kotenga nthawi, ma disc amatha kukhala olumikizana nthawi zonse, zomwe zimapangitsanso kuti masamba azisinthasintha nthawi zonse.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonekera

Chifukwa chachikulu chakusokonekera kwa magwiridwe antchito a viscous coupling ndi zovala zachilengedwe za makinawo. Chifukwa chake, wopanga aliyense amakhazikitsa dongosolo linalake lokonzekera njira zamagalimoto. Zomwe ntchito zochepa zimachokera ku 200 makilomita a mileage yamagalimoto. Msika wachiwiri, galimoto yokhala ndi zimakupiza zowoneka bwino nthawi zonse imakhala ndi mayendedwe abwino (mutha kuwerenga momwe mungadziwire ngati mileage pagalimoto yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito idapindika) m'nkhani ina), kotero pali kuthekera kwakukulu kuti chidwi chidzafunika kulipidwa ndi makina omwe akuwaganizira.

Nazi zifukwa zina zolephera zophatikizira:

• Kusintha kwa mbale ya bimetallic chifukwa cha kutentha / kuzizira pafupipafupi;
• Kubala kusweka chifukwa chovala zachilengedwe;
• Wosweka impeller tsamba. Chifukwa cha izi, kuthamanga kumapangidwa, komwe kumathandizira kuthamanga kwazovala;
• Kukhumudwa pamlanduwo, chifukwa chake kutayikira kwa zinthu zogwirira ntchito kumachitika;
• Kutaya katundu wamadzimadzi;
• Zolephera zina zamakina.

Ngati dalaivala samayang'anira ukhondo wa makinawo kapena chosinthira kutentha, ndiye chifukwa china cholephera chipangizocho.

Kuwongolera kwakanthawi kogwiritsa ntchito makinawo kuyenera kuchitika kamodzi pamwezi, makamaka chilimwe, chifukwa mota imafunikira kuziziritsa nthawi yotentha. Ngakhale coupling yatsopano yosagwira bwino ntchito yake, mwina pali chifukwa chokhazikitsa analogue yamagetsi yamphamvu kwambiri. Mwa njira, ena ziziyenda, makamaka, kukhazikitsa fani magetsi monga chinthu wothandiza.

Kodi kukonza kumachitika bwanji?

Kotero, pamene dalaivala akuwona kuti injini ya galimoto yayamba kutentha kwambiri, ndipo mbali zina za dongosolo lozizira zili bwino, kulumikizana kwa viscous kuyenera kupezeka (njirayi ikufotokozedwa kuti ndiyokwera pang'ono). Monga tawonera, chimodzi mwazowonongeka za chipangizochi ndikutuluka kwa silicone. Ngakhale buku logwiritsa ntchito likusonyeza kuti madziwa amathiridwa m'makina kamodzi pafakitole, ndipo sangasinthidwe, woyendetsa galimotoyo amatha kuyambiranso kuchuluka kwa zomwe zatayika chifukwa chakukhumudwa kapena kusintha madziwo ndi watsopano. Njira yokhayo ndiyosavuta. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kupeza zinthu zoyenera kugwira ntchito.

M'masitolo, mankhwalawa amagulitsidwa ndi mayina awa:

• Chamadzimadzi chokonzekera kuphatikiza kophatikizana;
• Mafuta mu clutch viscous;
• Chingwe cha silicone cholumikizira ma viscous.

Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa pakukonzekera clutch ya viscous, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina oyendetsa magudumu onse. Poterepa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musankhe madzi amtundu watsopano kutengera mtundu wa chinthu chomwe chidagwiritsidwa ntchito kale. Kupanda kutero, pambuyo pokonza, kutumizirako sikungalumikizire chitsulo chachiwiri kapena kudzagwira ntchito molakwika.

Kuti mukonzere kulumikizana kwa viscous, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa kuzirala, mawonekedwe a chilengedwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Cholinga chake ndikuti makokedwe opatsirana kudzera muma disc a makinawo siabwino ngati momwe amafalitsira (moyenera, kunyamula mphamvu yayikulu sikofunikira pakadali pano). Kukhuthala kwa nkhaniyi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwanira pakugwiritsa ntchito makinawo.

Musanapitilize kukonza zolumikizira, ndikofunikira kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa sililicone mu chipangizocho. Pa mtundu uliwonse wa zimakupiza, voliyumu yosiyana ya zinthu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, chifukwa chake chidziwitso pamlingo wofunikira chiyenera kupezeka mu buku logwiritsa ntchito.

Kuti muwonjezere kapena kusintha madzi mumdima, muyenera:

1. Chotsani makinawo mgalimoto, ndikuchotsani malo oyendetsa ku clutch;
2. Chotsatira, muyenera kuyika chogulitsacho;
3. Pini kuseli kwa mbale yodzaza masika imachotsedwa;
4. Payenera kukhala pobowola nyumba zolumikizirana. Ngati kulibe, ndiye kuti mufunika kuboola nokha, koma ndi bwino kupatsira njirayi katswiri kuti ma disc asawonongeke;
5. Pambuyo pa njirazi, pafupifupi 15 ml ya madzi amapopedwa kudzera mu dzenje lakutulutsa ndi sirinji. Voliyumu yonse iyenera kugawidwa m'magawo angapo. Mukamatsanulira, muyenera kuyembekezera pafupifupi mphindi imodzi ndi theka kuti mankhwalawa agawidwe m'mipata ya disc;
6. Njirayi imagwirizananso. Kuti chipangizocho chikhale choyera, chiyenera kufufutidwa, kuchotsa zinthu zotsalira za silicone pamwamba, zomwe zithandizire kuti mlanduwo uwonjezeke mwachangu.

Dalaivala akamva phokoso la fani pomwe limazungulira, izi zikuwonetsa kuvala. Kusintha kwa gawoli kumachitika chimodzimodzi ndikudzaza madzi, kupatula zina zowonjezerapo. Pachifukwa ichi, madzi omwewo ayenera kusinthidwa ndi atsopano.

Kuti muchotse katundu munyumba, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito choponyera chonyamula. Musanachite izi, ndikofunikira kuchotsa kuwotchera m'mphepete mwa makina amnyumba (kumathandizira kuti chimbalangondo chisakwere pampando). Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuthana ndi zovalazo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zilizonse zosasunthika, chifukwa pakadali pano kuwonongeka kwa malo olumikizirana ndi ma disc sikungapewe. Chotsatira, chotsalira chatsopano chimakanikizidwa (kuti muchite izi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njirayo ndi socket yotsekedwa ndi miyeso yoyenera).

Njira yokonzekera sayenera kutsagana ndi kuyesayesa kwakukulu pa umodzi wa zida za chipangizocho. Cholinga chake ndikuti ngakhale kupindika pang'ono kwa disc imodzi ndikokwanira, ndipo zowalamulirazo sizingayenerere kugwira ntchito. Mukamakonza, mutha kuzindikira kuti pachidacho pali filimu yopyapyala yamafuta. Sayenera kuchotsedwa.

Monga momwe tawonetsera, oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri omwe adaganiza zokonza palokha zolumikizira zowoneka bwino ali ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi kusonkhanitsa makinawo. Kuti musasokoneze zomwe mungalumikizire komwe, ndibwino kuti mutenge gawo lililonse lakusokoneza kamera. Chifukwa cha izi, malangizo mwatsatane-tsatane pakubwezeretsanso chipangizochi apezeka.

Monga tanenera kale, m'malo mwa fani wokhala ndi cholumikizira chowoneka bwino, mutha kukhazikitsa analogue yamagetsi. Izi zidzafunika:

• Gulani wokonda mulingo woyenera ndi mota wamagetsi (nthawi zambiri zigawozi za makina oziziritsa amagulitsidwa kale ndi phiri pa radiator);
• Chingwe chamagetsi (gawo loyendetsa loyendetsa liyenera kukhala ma 6 millimeter lalikulu). Kutalika kwa zingwe kumadalira kukula kwa chipinda chama injini. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuyendetsa waya mwachindunji kapena pafupi ndi zinthu zosunthika kapena zakuthwa;
• 40 amp lama fuyusi;
• Kulandirana poyatsa / kuzimitsa fani (zocheperako pomwe chipangizocho chimatha kugwira ntchito chiyenera kukhala 30A);
• Kutentha kwamatenthedwe komwe kumagwira ntchito madigiri 87.

Kulandirana kwamatenthedwe kumaikidwa pa chitoliro cholowera mu radiator kapena muyenera kumamatira pachitsulo chachitsulo, pafupi kwambiri ndi thermostat momwe mungathere. Dera lamagetsi lasonkhanitsidwa chimodzimodzi ndi mitundu ya VAZ (chithunzicho chimatha kutsitsidwa pa intaneti).

Kusankha chida chatsopano

Monga kusankha kwa gawo lina lililonse la galimoto, kufunafuna cholumikizira chatsopano cha viscous sikovuta. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malo ogulitsira pa intaneti. Ngakhale chida choperekedwa ndi ichi kapena sitoloyo ndi chodula kwambiri, mutha kupeza nambala yazakale ya makinawo. Izi zidzakupangitsani kukhala kosavuta kupeza malonda pamapulatifomu ena. Mwa njira, ogulitsa magalimoto ambiri pa intaneti amapereka zigawo zoyambirira ndi anzawo.

Ndibwino kuti mupeze zoyambirira ndi VIN-code (za chidziwitso chokhudza galimotoyo, komanso komwe mungapeze mgalimoto, werengani m'nkhani ina). Komanso, m'sitolo yamagalimoto am'deralo, kusankha kumatha kuchitika molingana ndi data yagalimoto (tsiku lomasulidwa, mtundu, mtundu, komanso mawonekedwe a mota).

Chofunikira posankha chida chilichonse, kuphatikiza kulumikizana kwa viscous kwa fan yozizira, ndiye wopanga. Mukamagula zida zambiri zamagalimoto, simuyenera kukhulupirira makampani atanyamula, koma izi sizikugwira ntchito pama coupling a viscous. Cholinga chake ndikuti si makampani ambiri omwe akuchita nawo zinthuzi, chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri, malonda ake amakhala amtengo wapatali, ndipo mtengo wake umasiyana ndi woyamba. Makampani amenewa nthawi zambiri amapereka zophatikizira kumafakitale omwe amasonkhanitsa magalimoto.

Chochititsa chidwi ndichopanga cha opanga awa:

• Makampani aku Germany Behr-Hella, Meyle, Febi ndi Beru;
• Wopanga Chidanishi Nissens;
• Kampani yaku South Korea Mobis.

Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa kuzogulitsa za opanga aku Turkey ndi aku Poland omwe angolowa kumene pamsika. Ngati pali mwayi wosankha wopanga wina, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti musayesedwe ndi mtengo wa bajeti. Kuti mudziwe mbiri ya kampani, ndikwanira kuti mumvetse bwino za kampaniyo.

Nthawi zambiri, ma coupling oyenera a viscous amagulitsidwa ndi makampani omwe amapanga ma radiator ndi zinthu zina zoyatsira kuziziritsa. Ngati muli ndi luso logula rediyeta wapamwamba, ndiye kuti choyamba muyenera kuyang'ana cholumikizira choyenera m'ndandanda wa wopanga uyu.

Ubwino ndi kuipa

Kulephera kwa injini kuziziritsa nthawi zonse kumadzaza ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa injini yoyaka yamkati. Pachifukwa ichi, palibe chifukwa chomwe munthu ayenera kunyalanyaza ngakhale chizindikiro chaching'ono chosonyeza kuwonongeka kapena kulephera kwapafupi kwa chimodzi mwazomwe zimachitika. Kotero kuti woyendetsa galimoto samasowa kupita kumalo operekera kukakonzetsa galimotoyo chifukwa cha kutentha kwake, komwe mwa njira imodzi yokwera mtengo kwambiri yothandizira galimoto, opanga makina opangira kuzirala ayesa kupanga zida zake kukhala zodalirika momwe zingathere. Ndi kudalirika kwa kulumikiza kwa viscous komwe kuli mwayi wake waukulu.

Ubwino wina wa njirayi ndi monga:

• Chida chosavuta, chifukwa chake pali mayunitsi ochepa pamakina omwe amatha kuwonongeka mwachangu kapena kuwonongeka;
• Galimoto itatha kugwira ntchito nthawi yozizira, makinawa safuna kukonza, ngati zamagetsi, ngati galimotoyo imasungidwa m'chipinda chozizira komanso chonyowa;
• Makinawo amagwira ntchito mosadalira magetsi oyendetsa galimoto;
• Fani shaft imatha kuzungulira ndi mphamvu yayikulu (izi zimadalira kuthamanga kwa mota ndi kukula kwa ma pulleys oyendetsa). Sikuti zimakupiza zamagetsi zilizonse zimatha kupereka mphamvu zofananira ndimphamvu yamagetsi yokha. Chifukwa cha malowa, makinawo amagwiritsidwabe ntchito zida zolemetsa, zomanga komanso zankhondo.

Ngakhale kuyendetsa bwino komanso kudalirika kwa kulumikizana kwa viscous kwa fan yozizira, makinawa ali ndi zovuta zingapo, chifukwa chomwe opanga makina ambiri amakana kukhazikitsa cholumikizira cha viscous pa radiator fan drive. Izi ndi monga:

• Osati malo onse ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amapereka chithandizo pakukonza ndi kukonza njirazi, popeza pano pali akatswiri ochepa omwe amamvetsetsa zovuta za chipangizocho;
• Nthawi zambiri kukonza kwa makinawo sikumabweretsa zotsatira zomwe mukufuna, chifukwa chake pakawonongeka, muyenera kusintha kotheratu chipangizocho;
• Popeza kuti zimakupiza zimayenderana ndi crankshaft, kulemera kwa chipangizochi kumakhudza gawo ili la mota;
• Makinawa samayambitsidwa chifukwa cha zikwangwani zamagetsi, monga zimakupiza zamagetsi, koma chifukwa cha kutentha kwa mbale ya bimetallic. Oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri amadziwa kuti zida zamakina sizolondola monga zamagetsi. Pachifukwa ichi, kulumikiza kwa viscous sikutsegulidwa molondola komanso mwachangu;
• Ma CO ena amalola kuti mota ziziziziritsa kwakanthawi zitayima. Popeza kulumikizana kwa viscous kumagwira ntchito potembenuza crankshaft, njirayi sikupezeka pachida ichi;
• Liwiro la injini likamayandikira kwambiri, pamakhala phokoso lochokera kwa zimakupiza;
• Mitundu ina yaziphatikizi zowoneka bwino imayenera kudzazidwanso ndi madzi amadzimadzi, ngakhale wopanga akuwonetsa kuti izi sizifunikira ndi makinawo. Vuto pankhaniyi ndikusankha chinthu choyenera, chifukwa si malangizo onse ogwiritsira ntchito omwe akuwonetsa kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira inayake (zimasiyana ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe koyamba komanso nthawi yomwe madzi amasinthira katundu wake);
• Zina mwa mphamvu zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa fani.

Chifukwa chake, kulumikizana kwa viscous ndi imodzi mwanjira zoyambirira zomwe zimapereka kuziziritsa kwachangu kwa rediyeta. Makinawa amakupatsani mphamvu yochepetsera batiri pang'ono kapena kuchepetsa katundu wa jenereta wa galimotoyo, chifukwa sagwiritsa ntchito magetsi poyendetsa.

Nthawi zambiri, kulumikizana kwa viscous kumatumikira kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo sikutanthauza kukonzedwa kwapadera kulikonse. Mutha kudzipezera nokha mavuto, ndipo kukonza, ngakhale sikulimbikitsidwa ndi opanga, kumatha kuchitidwa ngakhale ndi oyamba kumene - chinthu chachikulu ndikusankha zinthu zomwe zingasinthidwe ndikusamala.

Pomaliza, tikupereka kanema wachidule wokhudzana ndi kuphatikizira kwa mawonekedwe a radiator, komanso zinthu zamadzimadzi omwe si a Newtonia omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachida ichi:

Wozizilitsa zimakupiza viscous lumikiza - mfundo ya ntchito, mmene onani, kukonza

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi kugwirizana kwa viscous kumagwira ntchito bwanji m'galimoto? Pa kuthamanga kosalekeza kwa ma shafts, ma disks mu viscous coupling amasinthasintha mofanana, ndipo madzi omwe ali mkati mwake sasakanikirana. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kusinthasintha kwa ma disks, chinthucho chimakhala cholimba.

Kodi kulumikizana kwa viscous pagalimoto ndi chiyani? Ichi ndi chipika chokhala ndi ma shaft awiri (zolowera ndi zotuluka), pomwe ma disks amakhazikika. Limagwirira lonse ndi wodzazidwa ndi viscous zakuthupi. Akasakanizidwa mwamphamvu, chinthucho chimakhala cholimba.

Chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati kulumikizana kwa viscous sikukugwira ntchito? Kulumikizana kwa viscous ndikofunikira kuti mulumikizane ndi magudumu anayi. Ikasiya kugwira ntchito, makinawo amakhala oyendetsa kumbuyo kapena kutsogolo (chilichonse chomwe chili choyendetsa).