Kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kosinthira makokedwe amakono
Kutumiza galimoto,  Chipangizo chagalimoto

Kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kosinthira makokedwe amakono

Wotembenuza woyamba makokedwe adawonekera zaka zoposa zana zapitazo. Popeza zasinthidwa ndikusinthidwa kambiri, njira yabwinoyi yoyendetsera bwino torque imagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano m'malo ambiri aukadaulo wamakina, ndipo makampani azamagalimoto nawonso. Kuyendetsa galimoto tsopano ndikosavuta komanso kosavuta chifukwa sipafunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe chowombera. Chipangizo ndi mawonekedwe a chosinthira makokedwe, monga china chilichonse chanzeru, ndiosavuta.

Mbiri ya maonekedwe

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, njira yosamutsira makokedwe pobwezeretsanso madzi pakati pa ma impeller awiri popanda kulumikizana kolimba idavomerezedwa ndi mainjiniya aku Germany a Hermann Fettinger mu 1905. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwira ntchito pamaziko awa zimatchedwa zolumikizira madzi. Panthawiyo, kukonza kwa zomangamanga kunkafunika kuti opanga mapulaniwo apeze njira yosunthira pang'onopang'ono torque kuchokera ku injini ya nthunzi kupita kuzombo zazikulu zamadzi. Mukalumikizidwa mwamphamvu, madzi amachepetsa kugwedezeka kwa masamba poyambira, ndikupanga katundu wochulukirapo pamoto, shafts ndi malo awo.

Pambuyo pake, kuphatikiza kwamadzimadzi kwamakono kunayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabasi aku London komanso sitima zoyambira dizilo kuti zitsimikizike kuti ziyambika bwino. Ndipo ngakhale pambuyo pake, kulumikizana kwamadzimadzi kunapangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta kwa oyendetsa galimoto. Galimoto yoyamba yopanga yokhala ndi torque converter, Oldsmobile Custom 8 Cruiser, idachoka pamsonkhano ku General Motors mu 1939.

Chipangizo ndi ndondomeko ya ntchito

Makina osinthira makokedwe ndi chipinda chotseka cha toroidal, momwe mkati mwake mumapopera, makina oyendera magetsi ndi opangira ma turbine amayikidwa moyandikana. Voliyumu yamkati yosinthira makokedwe imadzaza ndimadzimadzi otumiza zodziwikiratu ozungulira mozungulira kuchokera pagudumu lina kupita ku linzake. Gudumu la pampu limapangidwa m'nyumba zosinthira ndipo limalumikizidwa molimba ndi crankshaft, i.e. imazungulira ndi liwiro la injini. Gudumu lamkati limalumikizidwa molimba ndi shaft yolowetsa yotumizira yokha.

Pakati pawo pali riyakitala, kapena stator. Makinawa amaikidwa pachitsulo cholumikizira freewheel chomwe chimalola kuti izungulira mbali imodzi. Masamba a riyakitala ali ndi ma geometry apadera, chifukwa chake kutuluka kwamadzimadzi kumabwereranso kuchokera pagudumu lapanja kupita pagudumu lamapope kumasintha kolowera, potero kumakulitsa makokedwe pagudumu la pampu. Uku ndiye kusiyana pakati pa chosinthira makokedwe ndi cholumikizira chamadzimadzi. Pomalizira, palibe chojambulira, ndipo, motero, makokedwe sawonjezeka.

Momwe ntchito Chosinthira makokedwe chimachokera pakusamutsa makokedwe kuchokera ku injini kupita pamagetsi kudzera mumayendedwe amadzimadzi oyenda, osalumikiza olimba.

Galimoto yoyendetsa, yolumikizidwa ndi chopingasa chozungulira cha injini, imapangitsa kuti madzi azitha kuyenda bwino lomwe limagunda masamba a gudumu lotsutsana. Mothandizidwa ndi madzimadzi, imayamba kuyenda ndikupereka makokedwe kutsinde lolowera.

Ndikukula kwa liwiro la injini, kuthamanga kwa kasinthasintha kwa zoyendetsa kumawonjezeka, komwe kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yamadzi othamanga omwe amanyamula gudumu la chopangira mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, madziwo, omwe amabwerera kudzera m'makina a riyakitala, amalandila mathamangitsidwe ena.

Kutuluka kwamadzimadzi kumasandulika kutengera kuthamanga kwazungulira kwa mphepoyo. Pakadali kufanana kwamathamangidwe amagetsi ndi mawilo ampweya, riyakitala imalepheretsa kufalikira kwamadzimadzi ndikuyamba kuzungulira chifukwa cha freewheel yoyikidwayo. Magudumu onse atatu amazungulira limodzi, ndipo makinawo amayamba kugwira ntchito yolumikizira madzimadzi popanda kuwonjezera makokedwe. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa katundu pa shaft yotulutsa, liwiro la gudumu limachedwetsa poyerekeza ndi gudumu lopopera, riyakitala imatsekedwa ndikuyambiranso kusintha madzi.

ubwino

  1. Kusuntha kosalala ndikuyamba.
  2. Kuchepetsa kugwedezeka ndi katundu pakufalitsa kuchokera kumagwiridwe antchito a injini.
  3. Kuthekera kokuwonjezera makokedwe a injini.
  4. Palibe chifukwa chokonzanso (kusintha zinthu, ndi zina).

zolakwa

  1. Kuchita bwino pang'ono (chifukwa chakusowa kwa ma hydraulic ndi kulumikizana kolimba ndi injini).
  2. Mphamvu zoyipa zamagalimoto zomwe zimakhudzana ndi mtengo wamagetsi ndi nthawi yosinthira kutuluka kwamadzimadzi.
  3. Mtengo wapamwamba

Mode loko

Pofuna kuthana ndi zovuta zazikuluzikulu zosinthira makokedwe (magwiridwe antchito otsika komanso zovuta zamagalimoto), makina otsekera apangidwa. Mfundo ntchito yake ndi ofanana ndi zowalamulira tingachipeze powerenga. Makinawa amakhala ndi mbale yotsekera, yolumikizidwa ndi gudumu loyendetsa (ndipo chifukwa chake kulowera kwa gearbox) kudzera akasupe a torsional vibration damper. Mbaleyo imakhala ndi mikangano pamwamba pake. Pakulamula kwa gawo loyendetsa kufalikira, mbaleyo imakanikizidwa mkati mwamkati mwa nyumba yosinthira pogwiritsa ntchito madzi amadzimadzi. Makokedwe amasamutsidwa kuchokera ku injini kupita ku bokosi lamagiya popanda madzi. Chifukwa chake, kuchepetsedwa kwa zotayika ndikuchita bwino kwambiri zimakwaniritsidwa. Chotsegulacho chitha kuthandizidwa mu zida zilizonse.

Wopanda mode

Makina osinthira makokedwe amathanso kukhala osakwanira ndipo amagwira ntchito yotchedwa "slip mode". Chipika chotsekereza sichimakanikizika kwathunthu pantchito, potero chimapereka tsankho lazitsulo. Makokedwe amapatsirana nthawi imodzi kudzera pa mbale yotsekemera komanso madzimadzi ozungulira. Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, zida zamphamvu zamagalimoto zimawonjezeka kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo kusunthaku kumayendetsedwa bwino. Zipangizo zamagetsi zimaonetsetsa kuti zowonjezerazo zikuyenda mwachangu nthawi yothamanga, ndipo zimayimitsidwa ndikachedwa liwiro litachepetsedwa.

Komabe, njira yoyendetsedwa ili ndi zovuta zina zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kumva kuwawa kwa malo ophatikizira, omwe, nawonso, amakhala pachiwopsezo cha kutentha. Zovala zimalowa mu mafuta, zimawononga ntchito zake. Njira yotchinga imalola wotembenuza kuti azichita bwino momwe angathere, koma nthawi yomweyo amafupikitsa moyo wake.

Kuwonjezera ndemanga