Kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka chitetezo cha chitetezo cha SRS

Galimoto siyotengera wamba wamba, komanso ngozi. Kuchuluka kwamagalimoto pamisewu ya Russia ndi padziko lonse lapansi, kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe komwe kumabweretsa ngozi kumabweretsa ngozi. Choncho, ntchito okonza ndi kukhala osati omasuka komanso galimoto otetezeka. Dongosolo lachitetezo limangothetsa vutoli.

Kodi dongosolo lachitetezo limaphatikizapo chiyani?

Njira yachitetezo chagalimoto imaphatikizira zida zonse ndi njira zomwe zimapangidwa kuti ziteteze dalaivala ndi omwe adakwera kuvulala koopsa panthawi yangozi.

Zida zazikuluzikulu za dongosololi ndi:

• malamba okhala ndi omangika komanso ochepetsa malire;
• ma airbags;
• dongosolo lotetezeka;
• zoletsa ana;
• mwadzidzidzi batire disconnect lophimba;
• zoletsa pamutu;
• dongosolo loyimbira mwadzidzidzi;
• zida zina zosazolowereka (mwachitsanzo, makina otetezera omwe amatha kusintha).

M'magalimoto amakono, zinthu zonse za SRS zimalumikizidwa ndipo zimakhala ndi zowongolera zamagetsi zamagetsi kuti zitsimikizire kuti zinthu zambiri zimayenda bwino.

Komabe, zinthu zikuluzikulu za chitetezo pa nthawi ya ngozi mu galimoto kukhala malamba ndi airbags. Ndi gawo la SRS (Supplemental Restraint System), yomwe imaphatikizaponso njira zina zambiri ndi zida.

Kusintha kwa zida zachitetezo chokha

Chida choyamba kupangidwa kuti chiteteze chitetezo cha munthu mgalimoto chinali lamba wapampando, woyamba kukhala ndi setifiketi mu 1903. Komabe, misa unsembe malamba m'galimoto anayamba kokha mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma - mu 1957. Panthawiyo, zida zidakhazikitsidwa pamipando yakutsogolo ndikukhazikitsa woyendetsa komanso wokwera m'chiuno (mfundo ziwiri).

Lamba wamipando itatu inali yovomerezeka mu 1958. Patatha chaka china, chipangizocho chinayamba kuikidwa pagalimoto zopanga.

Mu 1980, kapangidwe ka malamba adakonzedwa bwino ndikuyika tensioner yomwe imapereka lamba wolimba kwambiri panthawi yoti igundane.

Ma airbags adawonekera mgalimoto patapita nthawi. Ngakhale kuti chivomerezo choyamba cha chipangizochi chidaperekedwa mu 1953, magalimoto opanga adayamba kukhala ndi mapilo mu 1980 ku United States. Poyamba, ma airbags adangoyikidwa kokha pa driver, kenako kwa woyendetsa kutsogolo. Mu 1994, ma airbags oyenda mbali adayambitsidwa mgalimoto koyamba.

Lero, malamba okhala ndi ma airbags amateteza kwambiri anthu omwe ali mgalimoto. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti zimakhala zothandiza pokhapokha lamba wapampando atamangidwa. Kupanda kutero, ma airbags omwe atumizidwa atha kuvulaza ena.

Mitundu ya nkhonya

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, zopitilira theka (51,1%) za ngozi zazikulu ndi omwe akhudzidwa zimaphatikizidwa ndi kutsogolo kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo. Kachiwiri m'malo mwa pafupipafupi pali zovuta zina (32%). Pomaliza, ngozi zochepa zimachitika chifukwa chogundana ndi kumbuyo kwa galimoto (14,1%) kapena ma rollovers (2,8%).

Kutengera momwe chiwongolero chikuyendera, dongosolo la SRS limasankha kuti ndi zida ziti zomwe ziyenera kuyatsidwa.

• Posachedwa, omenyera lamba amatumizidwa, komanso ma airbags oyendetsa kutsogolo (ngati zovuta sizowopsa, dongosolo la SRS mwina silingayambitse chikwama).
• Pazithunzi zakutsogolo, ndi okhawo omwe amangokakamira lamba omwe amatha kuchita nawo. Ngati zotsatirazi ndizochulukirapo, ma airbags akutsogolo ndi / kapena mutu ndi mbali adzafunika kutumizidwa.
• Pazotsatira zina, ma airbags am'mutu, ma airbags am'mbali ndi omenyera lamba kumbali yakukhudzidwa atha kutumizidwa.
• Ngati zotsatirazo zili kumbuyo kwa galimotoyo, kumangirira lamba wokhala pampando ndi chosokoneza batire kumatha kuyambitsidwa.

Malingaliro oyambitsa chitetezo chokha cha galimoto chimadalira momwe ngoziyo ikuyendera (mphamvu ndi kuwongolera kwazomwe zimachitika, liwiro pakakumana ngozi, ndi zina zambiri), komanso pakupanga ndi mtundu wagalimoto.

Chithunzi chakuwongolera nthawi

Kugundana kwa magalimoto kumachitika mwadzidzidzi. Mwachitsanzo, galimoto yothamanga pa liwiro la 56 km / h ndikugundana ndi choletsa choyimilira imayima kotheratu mkati mwa milliseconds 150. Poyerekeza, nthawi yomweyo, munthu amatha kukhala ndi nthawi yophethira. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti ngakhale dalaivala kapena okwerawo sadzakhala ndi nthawi yochitapo kanthu kuti ateteze chitetezo chawo panthawi yomwe zingachitike. A SRS ayenera kuwachitira izi. Imayambitsa lamba tensioner ndi airbag system.

Pazotsatira zina, ma airbags ammbali amatseguka mwachangu - osapitilira 15 ms. Dera lomwe lili pakati pakapunduka ndi thupi la munthu ndiloling'ono kwambiri, chifukwa chake zoyendetsa kapena zoyendetsa pagalimoto zimachitika munthawi yochepa.

Kuti muteteze munthu kuti asakhudzidwe mobwerezabwereza (mwachitsanzo, galimoto ikadumpha kapena ikulowa mu dzenje), ma airbags ammbali amakhala otakata kwa nthawi yayitali.

Impact sensors

Kugwira ntchito kwa dongosolo lonse kumatsimikiziridwa ndi masensa ochititsa mantha. Zipangizozi zimazindikira kuti kugunda kwachitika ndipo zimatumiza chizindikiro ku gawo loyang'anira, lomwe limatsegulira ma airbags.

Poyamba, masensa oyang'ana kutsogolo okha ndi omwe adayikidwa mgalimoto. Komabe, magalimoto atayamba kukhala ndi mapilo owonjezera, kuchuluka kwa masensa kudakulitsidwanso.

Ntchito yayikulu yama sensa ndikudziwitsa komwe mphamvuyo ikuyendera. Chifukwa cha zida izi, pakagwa ngozi, ma airbags okhawo ndi omwe amayenera kuyambitsidwa, osati zonse zomwe zili mgalimoto.

Masensa amtundu wa Electromechanical ndi achikhalidwe. Mapangidwe awo ndiosavuta koma odalirika. Zinthu zazikulu ndi mpira ndi kasupe wazitsulo. Chifukwa cha inertia yomwe imadza chifukwa chakukhudzidwa, mpira umawongola masika, kutseka olumikizanawo, pambuyo pake chojambulira chazomwe chimatumiza zimayendera kulamulira.

Kuuma kwakanthawi kwa kasupe sikumalola kuti makinawo ayambitsidwe pakuthira mwadzidzidzi kapena kukhudza pang'ono chopinga. Ngati galimoto ikuyenda motsika kwambiri (mpaka 20 km / h), ndiye kuti mphamvu ya inertia siyokwanira kuchita masika.

M'malo mwa masensa amagetsi, magalimoto amakono ambiri amakhala ndi zida zamagetsi - masensa othamangitsira.

Mwa mawonekedwe osavuta, makina othamangitsira amakonzedwa ngati capacitor. Zina mwa mbale zake ndizokhazikika, pomwe zina zimasunthika ndikuchita ngati zivomerezi. Pakangogunda, misa iyi imayenda, ndikusintha mawonekedwe a capacitor. Izi zimasinthidwa ndi makina osungira deta, kutumiza zomwe zalandilidwa ku airbag control unit.

Masensa othamangitsira amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu: capacitive ndi piezoelectric. Iliyonse yaiwo imakhala ndi chinthu chowonera komanso makina opanga ma data omwe amakhala mnyumba imodzi.

Maziko a chitetezo cha galimoto amangokhala ndi zida zomwe zakhala zikuwonetsa kuchita bwino kwazaka zambiri. Tithokoze chifukwa cha mainjiniya ndi opanga mapangidwe, kukonza njira zachitetezo, oyendetsa galimoto komanso okwera ndege amatha kupewa kuvulala koopsa panthawi yangozi.