Chipangizo ndi ntchito ya kachipangizo kachipangizo

Chojambulira cha oxygen - chida chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chilembetse kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe watsala m'mipweya yotulutsa ya injini yamagalimoto. Ili mu pulogalamu yotulutsa utsi pafupi ndi chothandizira. Kutengera ndi zomwe wolandila wa oxygen adalandira, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi (ECU) zimawongolera kuwerengera kwa mulingo woyenera wa mafuta osakaniza ndi mpweya. Kuchulukitsa kwa mpweya momwe amapangidwira kumawonetsedwa m'makampani opanga magalimoto ndi kalata yachi Greek lambda (λ), chifukwa chomwe sensor idalandira dzina lachiwiri - kafukufuku wa lambda.

Zowonjezera mpweya λ

Musanaphwanye kapangidwe ka kachipangizo ka oxygen komanso momwe imagwirira ntchito, m'pofunika kudziwa gawo lofunikira monga kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa mafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya: ndi chiyani, zomwe zimakhudza komanso chifukwa chiyani zimayeza kachipangizo.

Mu chiphunzitso cha ICE, pali lingaliro loti stoichiometric chiŵerengero - ndiye gawo labwino la mpweya ndi mafuta, pomwe kuyaka kwathunthu kwamafuta kumachitika mchipinda choyaka moto cha injini yamphamvu. Ichi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri, momwe mafuta amawerengedwera ndi mitundu yogwiritsira ntchito injini. Imakhala 14,7 kg ya mpweya mpaka 1 kg yamafuta (14,7: 1). Mwachilengedwe, kuchuluka kwakusakanikirana ndi mafuta mumlengalenga sikulowa munjira imodzi nthawi imodzi, ndi gawo lokhalo lomwe limawerengedwanso kuti ndi lenileni.

Kuchuluka kwa mpweya (λ) Kodi chiŵerengero cha mpweya weniweni wolowa mu injini ndi kuchuluka kwa theoretically required (stoichiometric) kuchuluka kwa kuyaka kwathunthu kwa mafuta. Mwachidule, ndi "momwe mpweya wochuluka (wocheperako) unalowera mu silinda kuposa momwe uyenera kukhalira".

Kutengera mtengo wa λ, pali mitundu itatu yamafuta osakanikirana ndi mafuta:

• λ = 1 - kusakaniza kwa stoichiometric;
• λ <1 - osakaniza "olemera" (excretion - sungunuka; kusowa - mpweya);
• λ> 1 - "osakaniza" osakaniza (owonjezera - mpweya; kusowa - mafuta).

Mitundu yamakono imatha kuthamanga pamitundu yonse itatu yosakanikirana, kutengera ntchito zomwe zilipo pano (mafuta azakudya, kuthamanga kwambiri, kuchepa kwa zinthu zoyipa m'mipweya ya utsi). Kuchokera pakuwona kwamphamvu zama injini, coefficient mwana iyenera kukhala ndi phindu pafupifupi 0,9 ("olemera" osakaniza), mafuta osachepera adzafanana ndi stoichiometric osakaniza (λ = 1). Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zotsukira mpweya wotulutsa utsi zidzawonedwanso ku λ = 1, popeza kugwira ntchito kosinthira kwa othandizira kumachitika ndi kapangidwe ka stoichiometric ka mafuta osakaniza ndi mpweya.

Cholinga cha masensa a oxygen

Masensa awiri a oxygen amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magalimoto wamba amakono (a injini yapa intaneti). Imodzi patsogolo pa chothandizira (chapamwamba kafukufuku wa lambda), ndipo yachiwiri pambuyo pake (kafukufuku wotsika wa lambda). Palibe kusiyana pakapangidwe kazipangizo zakumunsi ndi zotsika, atha kukhala ofanana, koma amachita ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Chojambulira chapamwamba kapena chakutsogolo cha oxygen chimazindikira mpweya wotsalira womwe umatulutsa mpweya. Kutengera ndi chizindikiro chochokera ku sensa iyi, makina oyang'anira injini "amamvetsetsa" mtundu wanji wamafuta osakanikirana ndi mafuta omwe injini ikuyenda (stoichiometric, olemera kapena owonda). Kutengera kuwerengera kwa oxygenator ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito, ECU imasintha mafuta omwe amaperekedwa kuzipilala. Nthawi zambiri, mafuta amaperekera kusakanikirana kwa stoichiometric. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti injini ikatenthetsa, zizindikilo zochokera ku sensa sizinyalanyazidwa ndi injini ya ECU mpaka ikafika pamagetsi otentha. Kafukufuku wamunsi wam'mbuyo kapena wam'mbuyo wa lambda amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso kaphatikizidwe ndikusanthula momwe othandizira othandizira amasinthira.

Kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka kachipangizo ka oxygen

Pali mitundu ingapo yama probes a lambda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'galimoto zamakono. Tiyeni tiganizire za kapangidwe kake ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito odziwika kwambiri - kachipangizo ka oxygen kotengera zirconium dioxide (ZrO2). Chojambulirachi chimakhala ndi zinthu zazikuluzikulu izi:

• Ma electrode akunja - amalumikizana ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya.
• Maelekitirodi amkati - polumikizana ndi mlengalenga.
• Kutentha - kumatenthetsera sensa ya oxygen ndikubweretsa kutentha mwachangu (pafupifupi 300 ° C).
• Solid electrolyte - yomwe ili pakati pa ma elekitirodi awiri (zirconia).
• Nyumba.
• Tip guard - ili ndi mabowo apadera (opangira) opangira utsi wolowera.

Ma electrode akunja ndi amkati ndi okutidwa ndi platinamu. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kafukufuku wa lambda wotengera kutuluka kwakusiyana pakati pa zigawo za platinamu (maelekitirodi), omwe amayang'anira mpweya. Zimachitika pamene maelekitirodi amatenthedwa, ma ayoni a oxygen akamadutsamo kuchokera mumlengalenga ndi mpweya wotulutsa utsi. Mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi zimadalira mpweya wampweya wotulutsa utsi. Kutalika kwake ndikotsika kwamagetsi. Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ya oxygen ndi 100 mpaka 900 mV. Chizindikirocho chimakhala ndi sinusoidal, momwe zigawo zitatu zimasiyanitsidwa: kuyambira 100 mpaka 450 mV - osakanikirana osakanikirana, kuyambira 450 mpaka 900 mV - osakaniza olemera, 450 mV amafanana ndi kapangidwe ka stoichiometric kaphatikizidwe ka mafuta-mpweya.

Oxygenator gwero ndi zovuta zake

Kafukufuku wa lambda ndi amodzi mwamasensa omwe atha msanga kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti imalumikizana nthawi zonse ndi mpweya wa utsi ndipo gwero lake limadalira mtundu wa mafuta komanso magwiridwe antchito a injini. Mwachitsanzo, zirconium oxygen tank ili ndi gwero la makilomita pafupifupi 70-130.

Popeza kugwira ntchito kwa masensa onse a oxygen (kumtunda ndi kutsika) kumayang'aniridwa ndi OBD-II pa board board diagnostics system, ngati iliyonse italephera, cholakwika chofananira chidzalembedwa, ndi nyali yowunikira ya "Check Injini" pagawo lazida idzawala. Pachifukwa ichi, mutha kudziwa kuti mukulephera kugwiritsa ntchito sikani yapadera yodziwira. Kuchokera pazosankha za bajeti, muyenera kumvera Scan Tool Pro Black Edition.

Chojambulira chopangidwa ndi Korea ichi chimasiyana ndi zofananira pamtundu wake wapamwamba kwambiri komanso kuthekera kozindikira zida zonse zamagalimoto ndi misonkhano, osati injini yokha. Amathanso kuyang'anira kuwerenga kwa masensa onse (kuphatikiza mpweya) munthawi yeniyeni. Sikana iyi imagwirizana ndi mapulogalamu onse odziwika bwino azidziwitso ndipo, podziwa mphamvu zamagetsi zovomerezeka, mutha kuweruza thanzi la sensa.

Chojambulira cha oxygen chikamagwira ntchito moyenera, chizindikirocho chimakhala sinusoid yanthawi zonse, kuwonetsa kusinthasintha kosachepera kasanu ndi kawiri mkati mwa masekondi 8. Ngati sensa ilibe dongosolo, mawonekedwe amizeremizere amasiyana ndi omwe akutchulidwawo, kapena mayankho ake pakusintha kwa kaphatikizidwe kamachepa kwambiri.

Malfunctions chachikulu cha kachipangizo mpweya:

• kuvala panthawi yogwira (sensa "kukalamba");
• dera lotseguka lazinthu zotenthetsera;
• kuipitsa.

Mavuto onsewa amatha kuyambitsidwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsika kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri, kuwonjezera zowonjezera zina, kulowetsa mafuta ndi zinthu zoyeretsera m'dera la sensa.

Zizindikiro za kulephera kwa oxygen:

• Kuwonongeka kwa chenjezo lowonetsa pazenera.
• Kutaya mphamvu.
• Kuyankha koyipa poyambira gasi.
• Injini yoyipa idling.

Mitundu ya ma probes a lambda

Kuphatikiza pa zirconia, masensa a titaniyamu ndi Broadband oxygen amagwiritsidwanso ntchito.

• Titaniyamu. Mtundu wa oxygenatorwu umakhala ndi vuto la titaniyamu woipa. Kutentha kogwira ntchito kwa sensa yotere kumayambira 700 ° C. Ma probes a titaniyamu lambda samafuna mpweya wamumlengalenga, chifukwa momwe amagwirira ntchito amatengera kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, kutengera kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu utsi.
• Broadband lambda probe ndi mtundu wabwino. Amakhala ndi sensa yamkuntho komanso chinthu chopopera. Njira zoyambirira zimachepetsa mpweya wa oxygen mu utsi wamafuta, kujambula zamagetsi zoyambitsidwa ndi kusiyana komwe kungachitike. Chotsatira, kuwerengera kumafaniziridwa ndi mtengo wowerengera (450 mV), ndipo, ngati kupatuka, kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakali pano, kupangitsa jakisoni wa ayoni wa oxygen kuchokera ku utsi. Izi zimachitika mpaka voteji atakhala ofanana ndi omwe wapatsidwa.

Kafukufuku wa lambda ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera injini, ndipo kuwonongeka kwake kumatha kubweretsa zovuta pakuyendetsa ndikupangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa mbali zina zonse za injini. Ndipo popeza sichingakonzedwe, iyenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi yatsopano.