Kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zopukutira magalimoto

Magalimoto onse amakono ali ndi zowikira pawindo kapena "wiper", omwe amapangidwa kuti azitsuka chotchinga chakutsogolo ku dothi, fumbi kapena mvula. Ndi chithandizo chawo, dalaivala amatha kuwongolera mawonekedwe popanda kusiya chipinda chokwera. Ma wipers oyendetsa galimoto ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya galimoto, ndipo kulephera kwawo kumaletsa kuyendetsa galimotoyo.

Windshield wiper system

Ma wipers anthawi zonse amapangidwa kuti achotse dothi, fumbi, ndi mvula yambiri pamwamba pake. Izi zimakulolani kuti muwonjezere maonekedwe a msewu nthawi iliyonse, kuphatikizapo nyengo yoipa: mvula yambiri kapena matalala. Kuti chipangizochi chizigwira ntchito bwino, chimaphatikizidwa ndi makina ochapira pagalasi omwe amapopera madzi apadera ochapira kwambiri pagalasi. Choncho, galasi amachotsedwa kumamatira dothi ndi tizilombo.

Magalimoto ena amakhala ndi chopukuta chakumbuyo ndi zida zapadera zoyeretsera nyali (zochapira). Izi zimatsimikizira chitetezo chamsewu munyengo zonse. Mafupipafupi ndi nthawi ya ntchito ya wiper imayendetsedwa ndi dalaivala kuchokera kumalo okwera.

Zomangamanga za wipers

Zojambulajambula zimadalira mtundu wa chipangizo ndi mtundu wa fasteners. A standard wiper circuit imakhala ndi zigawo izi:

• lever drive (trapezoid);
• leashes;
• relay kwa opareshoni modes ulamuliro;
• zida zamagetsi zamagetsi (ngati zilipo);
• galimoto yamagetsi yokhala ndi gearbox;
• kukwera kwa hinged;
• maburashi.

Kuphatikiza apo, zida zowongolera zimaperekedwa. Mwachitsanzo, pakuwongolera pamanja, chosinthira chowongolera chamitundu yogwiritsira ntchito ma wipers chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo panjira yodziwikiratu, makina apadera owongolera zamagetsi ndi sensor yowunikira kuipitsidwa kwa magalasi (sensor yamvula) imayikidwa m'galimoto.

Mfundo zoyendetsera chipangizocho

Ngakhale ntchito yosavuta yoyeretsa, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe ma wipers amagwirira ntchito. Ma nuances akuluakulu omwe muyenera kudziwa:

1. Ma electromagnetic relay amalandira lamulo lowongolera ndikuyika mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito maburashi. Kutengera ndi galimoto, oyeretsa amatha kugwira ntchito mwapang'onopang'ono pakanthawi kochepa masekondi 3-5, amasuntha pafupipafupi pa liwiro lokhazikika, komanso kusinthana ndi makina ochapira ndi makina ochapira.
2. Wiper motor imayendetsedwa ndi magetsi agalimoto. Chojambula chenichenicho cha wiring chimadalira chitsanzo cha galimoto.
3. Mikono yopukutira, komanso maburashi otsuka galasi, imayendetsedwa ndi mota yamagetsi yokhala ndi mphutsi ndi lever drive (trapezoid). Trapezoid imatumiza ndikusintha kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka magetsi kuchokera kumagetsi amagetsi kupita ku maburashi, omwe, kukanikiza mwamphamvu pa malo ogwirira ntchito, amachotsa dothi ndi chinyezi pagalasi.

Dongosolo lokonzedwa bwino siliyenera kusiya mikwingwirima kapena kuwonongeka kwamakina pagalasi, komanso kupanga phokoso panthawi yogwira ntchito. Pakachitika mavuto oterowo, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse vutolo mwachangu.

Momwe trapezoid imagwirira ntchito

Wiper trapezoid imakhala ndi ndodo ndi ma levers omwe amasintha kusuntha kozungulira kuchokera ku gearbox kupita kumayendedwe obwereza a ndodo zopukuta. Chipangizo chokhazikika chiyenera kukwaniritsa zotsatirazi:

• kusuntha kwa maburashi pamene injini ya wiper ikuyenda;
• kuonetsetsa matalikidwe chofunika ndi liwiro kuyeretsa;
• manja opukutira okhala ndi maburashi awiri kapena kupitilira apo ayenera kuyenda molumikizana.

Trapezoid, monga galimoto yamagetsi, ndi gawo lofunikira la dongosolo. Pakakhala zovuta zilizonse (mawonekedwe a backlash) pakugwira ntchito kwake, magwiridwe antchito ndi mtundu wa kuyeretsa magalasi kumawonongeka. Kuti mukhale odalirika kwambiri, zinthu za trapezium zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chachitsulo, chomwe chimagonjetsedwa ndi madera achiwawa, komanso chimakhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu.

Kutengera kapangidwe ka zotsukira magalasi, trapeziums imatha kukhala imodzi, ziwiri ndi zitatu-burashi, ndipo molingana ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito - yofananira ndi asymmetric.

Wiper motere

Wiper motor ili ndi mapangidwe oyambira mosasamala mtundu wagalimoto. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zikuphatikiza mota yamagetsi yokha ndi gearbox (nthawi zambiri giya ya nyongolotsi), yomwe imawonjezera mphamvu kuchokera kumagetsi amagetsi kangapo. Zipangizo zamakono zimatha kukhala ndi zinthu zina zowonjezera, kuphatikiza ma fuse oteteza ku katundu wolemetsa, zinthu zotenthetsera kuti zizigwira ntchito pamatenthedwe otsika, ndi zina zambiri.

Wiper motor ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamakina, chomwe chimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwake. Maburashi ayenera kukwanira bwino pagalasi ndikuyenda momasuka pamwamba pake, apo ayi pamakhala katundu wochulukira pagalimoto yamagetsi.

Kuwongolera koyeretsa

Njira yoyeretsera ma windshield imatha kuwongoleredwa m'njira ziwiri - zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi. Njira yotsirizayi ikutanthauza kusintha kwamanja kwa machitidwe opangira. Pali chiwongolero chapadera chowongolera pansi pa chiwongolero chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi woyatsa chipangizocho, sinthani kaye kaye ntchito ya wipers ndikusintha njira zoyeretsera. Koma njira iyi imafuna kuti dalaivala azichita nawo nthawi zonse.

Dongosolo lowongolera pakompyuta ndi lodziyimira palokha ndipo silifuna kulowererapo kwa anthu. Chigawo chapadera chamagetsi ndi sensa ya mvula imayikidwa m'galimoto, yomwe imasanthula ukhondo wa galasi ndi nyengo. Kuwongolera pamagetsi kumapereka ntchito zingapo:

• automatic kuyatsa ndi kuzimitsa;
• kusintha magawo a zotsukira;
• kutsekereza injini pamaso pa zopinga pa windshield;
• kuyeretsa kowonjezera ndi makina ochapira pawindo;
• kupewa kuzizira kwa maburashi injini ikazimitsidwa.

Mitundu ya maburashi

Opanga magalimoto amapatsa eni magalimoto kusankha mitundu ya maburashi. Kutengera kapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito, amatha kukhala amitundu iyi:

1. Maburashi a chimango ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo kwambiri. Amagwirizana bwino ndi malo ogwirira ntchito a windshield, koma amawononga khalidwe la kuyeretsa pa kutentha kwa subzero ndi kuthamanga kwambiri.
2. Ma wiper opanda zingwe ndi njira yokwera mtengo kwambiri yomwe imapereka kuyeretsa magalasi apamwamba kwambiri. Chipangizocho chimalimbana ndi kuzizira kwambiri, komanso chimakhala nthawi yayitali chikugwira ntchito. Pakati pazovuta, ndikofunikira kuzindikira zovuta za kusankha maburashi kuti zitsimikizire kumatira koyenera kwa galasi.
3. Ma hybrid wipers nthawi zambiri amatchedwa wipers yozizira chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwawo komanso kukana chinyezi. Zabwino kwa madera omwe ali ndi kutentha kochepa, komwe kuli kofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti machitidwe oyeretsa akugwira ntchito.

Njira zomangira maburashi

Mpaka 1999, opanga magalimoto ambiri adagwiritsa ntchito mbedza kapena mtundu wa Hook wa cholumikizira. Ichi ndi chipangizo chapadziko lonse chomwe chili mu mawonekedwe a chilembo "U", chomwe chimakulolani kuti mutenge burashi ndipo musadandaule za kudalirika kwa kukhazikitsa kwake. Pakalipano, mitundu yotsatirayi ya mounts ikudziwika:

1. Side Pin - Adayambitsidwa mu 2005 pa BWM, Volvo ndi magalimoto ena. Amakulolani kukonza maburashi ndi pini yapadera ya mbali 22 kapena 17 mm.
2. Batani kapena "Kankhani Batani" - adaputala kwa muyezo 16 mm wiper masamba. Ndikokwanira kujambula pazida zomangirira, ndikuchotsa, muyenera kukanikiza batani lapadera.
3. Pin loko - kukonza maburashi ndi loko yapadera yomangidwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto a Audi.

Uwu si mndandanda wathunthu wamitundu ya zomangira. Wopanga aliyense angagwiritse ntchito mapangidwe ake pokonza maburashi.

Ngakhale kuphweka kwa ma wipers a windshield, n'zovuta kulingalira galimoto yamakono popanda iwo. Madalaivala amatha kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a wipers molunjika kuchokera pamalo okwera, kuchotsa dothi ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe amsewu. Ndipo makina apakompyuta amayang'anitsitsa ukhondo wa galasi, kuonjezera chitonthozo ndi chitetezo cha galimoto popanda kulowererapo kwa anthu.