Chipangizo ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito njira zowongolera maulendo apamaulendo

Kusunga phazi lanu nthawi zonse kumakhala kovuta paulendo wautali. Ndipo ngati kale zinali zosatheka kukhalabe ndi liwiro loyenda popanda kukanikiza ngo, ndiye ndikukula kwa matekinoloje kunali kotheka kuthetsanso vutoli. Adaptive cruise control (ACC), yomwe imapezeka mgalimoto zambiri zamakono, imatha kupitilizabe kuthamanga ngakhale phazi la driver litachotsedwa pa accelerator.

Kodi adaptive cruise control ndi chiyani?

Makampani opanga magalimoto, njira zoyendetsera maulendo oyendetsa sitimayo zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa zaka za makumi awiri, pomwe mu 1958 Chrysler adayambitsa dziko lapansi paulendo woyamba woyendetsa magalimoto. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake - mu 1965 - mfundo za dongosololi zidakonzedwanso ndi American Motors, yomwe idapanga makina oyandikira kwambiri amakono.

Dziphunzitsiranso Sitima Control (АСС) yasinthidwa kukhala njira yabwino yoyendetsera sitima zapamadzi. Pomwe njira zodziwikiratu zitha kungokhala ndi liwiro lagalimoto, kuwongolera mawayendedwe amatha kupanga zisankho kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto. Mwachitsanzo, dongosololi limatha kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa galimoto ngati pali ngozi yoti ngozi ingachitike ndi galimotoyo patsogolo.

Kupanga kwa ACC kumawerengedwa ndi ambiri kuti ndi gawo loyamba loyendetsa magalimoto, omwe mtsogolomo atha kuchita popanda kuyendetsa dalaivala.

Zinthu zadongosolo

Makina amakono a ACC ali ndi zinthu zitatu zazikuluzikulu:

1. Gwiritsani masensa omwe amadziwa kutalika kwa galimoto yakutsogolo, komanso kuthamanga kwake. Masensa osiyanasiyana amachokera ku 40 mpaka 200 mita, komabe, zida zamagulu ena zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zomverera zimayikidwa kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo (mwachitsanzo, pa bampala kapena radiator grille) ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo iyi:
   • rada yomwe imatulutsa mafunde akupanga kapena pamagetsi;
   • lidar yochokera pama radiation a infrared.
2. Control unit (purosesa) yomwe imawerenga zambiri kuchokera ku masensa ndi machitidwe ena agalimoto. Zomwe zalandilidwa zimayang'aniridwa motsata magawo omwe woyendetsa adakhazikitsa. Ntchito za purosesa ndi izi:
   • kudziwa kutalika kwa galimoto yakutsogolo;
   • kuwerengera liwiro lake;
   • kusanthula zomwe zalandilidwa ndikuyerekeza zisonyezo ndi liwiro lagalimoto yanu;
   • kuyerekezera liwiro loyendetsa ndi magawo omwe driver adayika;
   • mawerengedwe a zochita zina (mathamangitsidwe kapena deceleration).
3. Zida zomwe zimatumiza siginecha kumagalimoto ena - kayendedwe kabwino, kufulumira, mabuleki, ndi zina zambiri. Zonsezi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi unit control.

Njira yoyang'anira dongosolo

Kutsegula ndi kulepheretsa kuyendetsa maulendo oyendetsa sitima kumayendetsedwa ndi dalaivala ndipo kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito gulu loyang'anira, lomwe nthawi zambiri limayikidwa pagudumu.

• Mutha kutsegula ndi kuzimitsa makinawa pogwiritsa ntchito mabatani a On and Off, motsatana. Ngati akusowa, batani la Set limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholowetsa poyambitsa kayendedwe kaulendo. Njirayi imaletsedwa ndikukanikiza buleki kapena chowombera.
• Magawo atha kukhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito batani la Set. Pambuyo pokanikiza, dongosololi limakonza kuthamanga kwenikweni ndikupitilizabe kulisamalira mukamayendetsa. Pogwiritsa ntchito makiyi "+" kapena "-", dalaivala akhoza kuwonjezera kapena kutsitsa liwiro ndi mtengo wokonzedweratu ndi atolankhani aliwonse.

Adaptive cruise control imayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu osachepera 30 km / h. Mosadodometsedwa ntchito ndizotheka kuyendetsa zosaposa 180 km / h. Komabe, mitundu ina ya gawo loyambira limatha kugwira ntchito kuyambira pomwe ayamba kuyendetsa mpaka 200 km / h.

Magalimoto ali ndi ACC

Opanga magalimoto amasamala za kutonthoza kwakukulu kwa driver ndi okwera. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yambiri yamagalimoto idapanga mitundu yawoyawo ya ACC. Mwachitsanzo, mu magalimoto a Mercedes, makina oyendetsa maulendo otchedwa Distronic Plus, mu Toyota - Radar Cruise Control. Volkswagen, Honda ndi Audi amagwiritsa ntchito dzina la Adaptive Cruise Control. Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za kusiyanasiyana kwa dzina la makinawo, mfundo yogwirira ntchito nthawi zonse imakhalabe yofanana.

Masiku ano, makina a ACC sangapezeke mgalimoto zoyambira zokha, komanso zida zabwino zamagalimoto apakatikati komanso bajeti, monga Ford Focus, Huyndai Solaris, Renault Duster, Mazda3, Opel Astra ndi ena.

Zochita ndi Zochita

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyendetsera maulendo apamtunda sikungokhala ndi maubwino owonekera, komanso zovuta zina. Ubwino wa ACC ndi monga:

• kuonjezera chitetezo cha dalaivala ndi okwera (makina amathandiza kupewa ngozi ndi kugundana ndi galimoto kutsogolo);
• kuchepetsa katundu kwa dalaivala (woyendetsa galimoto amene watopa paulendo wautali adzatha kuyendetsa kayendetsedwe kake pazowonongeka);
• chuma chamafuta (kuyendetsa mwachangu sikutanthauza kukanikiza kosafunikira paphiri).

Zoyipa zoyendetsa maulendowa ndi monga:

• zamaganizidwe (magwiridwe antchito a makinawo amatha kumasula dalaivala, chifukwa chake kuwongolera pazoyenda kumachepa);
• kuthekera kwa zovuta zamagetsi (palibe makina omwe angatetezedwe kwathunthu ku zovuta, chifukwa chake simuyenera kudalira zokhazokha).

Ndikofunikira kuti woyendetsa galimoto azikumbukira kuti pakagwa mvula kapena kugwa kwa chipale chofewa, masensa pazida zina amatha kusachita bwino. Chifukwa chake, dalaivala ayenera kuwunika momwe magalimoto akuyendera kuti athane ndi vuto ladzidzidzi.

Adaptive cruise control adzakhala wothandizira wabwino paulendo wautali ndipo amalola kuti dalaivala apumule pang'ono, kupatsa galimoto liwiro. Komabe, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti ndizosaloledwa kuthana ndi mayendedwe amtundu wa magalimoto: ngakhale zida zodalirika kwambiri zitha kulephera, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti dalaivala akhale wokonzeka nthawi iliyonse kuyendetsa galimotoyo kwathunthu manja awo.