Chipangizo ndi mfundo zoyendetsera gearbox
nkhani,  Chipangizo chagalimoto

Chipangizo ndi mfundo zoyendetsera gearbox

Kuti galimoto iziyenda panjira, sikokwanira kukhala ndi injini yamphamvu komanso yothandiza pansi pake. Makokedwe a crankshaft mwanjira ina ayenera kupititsidwa ku mawilo oyendetsa galimotoyo.

Mwaichi, limagwirira wapadera analengedwa - gearbox. Ganizirani kapangidwe kake ndi cholinga chake, komanso momwe mitundu ya KP yasinthira mosiyanasiyana.

Cholinga cha gearbox

Mwachidule, bokosi lamagalimoto limapangidwa kuti lizisunthira makokedwe kuchokera pagawo lamagetsi kupita kuma gudumu oyendetsa. Kutumiza kumasinthiranso liwiro la crankshaft kuti woyendetsa azitha kuyendetsa galimoto popanda kupukusa injini kupita pa rpm.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo zoyendetsera gearbox

Njirayi ikufanana ndi magawo amkati oyaka moto kuti akwaniritse zida zonse za injini popanda kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zake. Ndiyamika HIV, makina akhoza kupita patsogolo ndi chammbuyo.

Magalimoto onse amakono ali ndi zotumiza zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muchepetse kwakanthawi kulumikizana kolimba kwa crankshaft ndi mawilo oyendetsa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti galimoto izichita ulesi, mwachitsanzo, poyandikira magetsi. Njirayi imakulolani kuti musazimitse injini galimoto ikayima. Izi ndizofunikira kutsegula batire ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zowonjezera, monga chowongolera mpweya.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo zoyendetsera gearbox

Malonda aliwonse ayenera kukwaniritsa izi:

  • Perekani zokoka zamagalimoto komanso mafuta, malinga ndi mphamvu ya injini;
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta (dalaivala sayenera kusokonezedwa pamsewu posintha liwiro lagalimoto);
  • Osapanga phokoso panthawi yogwira ntchito;
  • Mkulu kudalirika ndi dzuwa;
  • Makulidwe ocheperako (momwe zingathere pankhani yamagalimoto amphamvu).

Chipangizo cha gearbox

M'mbiri yonse yamakampani opanga magalimoto, makinawa adakonzedwa mosalekeza, chifukwa lero pali zotumiza zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo zoyendetsera gearbox

Chipangizo cha bokosi lililonse chimaphatikizapo:

  • Nyumba. Lili ndi ziwalo zonse zofunika zomwe zimatsimikizira kulumikizana kwa mota kupita pagalimoto, pomwe kasinthidweko kamapatsira mawilo.
  • Mosungira mafuta. Popeza pamakinawa ziwalozi zimalumikizana polemedwa, mafutawo amathandizira kuziziritsa kwawo ndikupanga kanema wamafuta omwe amateteza kuvala msanga pamagiya.
  • Kuthamanga kwachangu. Kutengera mtundu wa bokosilo, makinawo atha kuphatikizira ma shafts, seti yamagiya, zida zapulaneti, chosinthira makokedwe, ma disc okangana, malamba ndi ma pulleys.

Gulu la KP

Pali magawo angapo omwe mabokosi onse amagawidwa. Pali zizindikiro zisanu ndi chimodzi zotere. Mmodzi wa iwo, makokedwewo amaperekedwa pagudumu loyendetsa malinga ndi mfundo zake ndipo ali ndi njira ina yosankhira zida.

Pogwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe ka mphamvu zamagetsi

Gululi likuphatikiza ma KP otsatirawa:

  • Mawotchi gearbox. Mukusintha uku, kunyamula kwamphamvu kumachitika ndikutumiza kwa zida.
  • Bokosi lamagiya okhala ndi ma shaft coaxial. Kasinthasintha amafalitsidwanso kudzera pagalimoto yamagiya, zinthu zake zokha zimapangidwa mozungulira kapena mozungulira.
  • Mapulaneti. Kasinthasintha imafalikira kudzera pamagetsi oyendera mapulaneti, magiya ake ali mu ndege imodzi.
  • Hydromechanical. Pakutumiza koteroko, kufalitsa kwamakina (makamaka mtundu wa mapulaneti) kumagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi chosinthira makokedwe kapena kulumikiza kwamadzimadzi.
  • CVT. Ichi ndi mtundu wama gearbox omwe sagwiritsa ntchito njira yopatsira. Nthawi zambiri, makinawa amagwirira ntchito limodzi ndi kulumikiza kwamadzimadzi komanso kulumikizana ndi lamba.
Chipangizo ndi mfundo zoyendetsera gearbox

Mwa kuchuluka kwa shafts yayikulu yokhala ndi magiya

Mukamayika ma gearbox ndi nambala ya shaf, amadziwika:

  • Ndi mphini ziwiri ndi gawo limodzi lokonzekera. Palibe zoyendetsa mwachindunji muma transmissions awa. Nthawi zambiri, zosinthazi zimapezeka pagalimoto zoyenda kutsogolo. Mitundu ina yokhala ndi mota wokwera kumbuyo imakhalanso ndi bokosi lofananira.
  • Ndi migodi itatu ndi magiya awiri a axle. M'gululi, pali mitundu yokhala ndi shafti ya coaxial komanso non-coaxial. Pachiyambi choyamba, pali kutumiza kwachindunji. M'chigawo chopingasa, chimakhala ndi miyeso yaying'ono, komanso kutalika pang'ono pang'ono. Mabokosi otere amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto oyenda kumbuyo. Gawo lachiwiri lachiwiri silitumizidwa mwachindunji. Kwenikweni, kusinthaku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pagalimoto zamagudumu onse ndi mathirakitala.Chipangizo ndi mfundo zoyendetsera gearbox
  • Ndi migodi ingapo. Munjira iyi yamagiya, ma shafts amatha kukhala ndi ziwerengero zingapo kapena zosatsata. Ma gearbox awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu mathirakitala ndi zida zamakina. Izi zimalola magiya ambiri.
  • Popanda migodi. Malo osakira ngati awa sagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendera wamba. Mwa mitundu iyi pali mitundu ya coaxial komanso yosagwirizana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamathanki.

Gulu la ma gearbox apulaneti

Mabokosi amakanema amagawika malinga ndi magawo awa:

  • Madigiri awiri, atatu, anayi kapena kupitilira apo ufulu wamsokonezo ukasiyana;
  • Mtundu wamagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakinawa ndi epicyclic (korona wamkulu ali ndi mano amkati kapena akunja).

Mwa njira yolamulira

M'gululi, pali mabokosi awa:

  • Bukuli. M'mitundu iyi, dalaivala amasankha zida zofunika. Pali mitundu iwiri yotumizira pamanja: kusuntha kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyendetsa galimoto kapena kudzera pa servo. Pazochitika zonse ziwirizi, kuwongolera kumachitika ndi munthu, gulu lachiwiri lokha la gearbox lomwe lili ndi chida cha servo. Amalandira chizindikiro kuchokera kwa dalaivala kenako ndikuyika zida zosankhidwa. Makina nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma hydraulic servo drive.
  • Mwachangu. Makina oyang'anira zamagetsi amatsimikizira zinthu zingapo (kuchuluka kwa kukakamiza accelerator, katundu wochokera pama mawilo, liwiro la crankshaft, ndi zina zambiri) ndipo, pamaziko a izi, imadziyikira yokha nthawi yoyendera kapena kutsika zida.Chipangizo ndi mfundo zoyendetsera gearbox
  • Zidole. Ili ndi bokosi lamagetsi. Mmenemo, magiya amatsegulidwa modzidzimutsa, kokha chida chake ndi chofanana ndi zimango wamba. Makina a robotic akugwira ntchito, dalaivala satenga nawo mbali posintha zida. Chigawo chowongolera chimatsimikizira nthawi yoyambira zida ziti. Poterepa, kusinthaku kumachitika mosazindikira.

Ndi chiwerengero cha magiya

Gulu ili ndi losavuta. Mmenemo, mabokosi onse amagawidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa magiya, mwachitsanzo, anayi, asanu ndi asanu, ndi zina zambiri. Gawoli silimangotengera zowerengera zokha komanso mitundu yazowonekera.

Mitundu yotumizira

Gawo lofala kwambiri ndi mtundu wa bokosilo:

  • Zimango. Mu mitundu iyi, kusankha kwa zida ndikusunthira kumachitika kwathunthu ndi driver. Kwenikweni ndi bokosi lamagiya lomwe lili ndi migodi ingapo, yomwe imagwira ntchito m'sitima yamagalimoto.
  • Makina. Kufala kumeneku kumagwira ntchito modzidzimutsa. Kusankhidwa kwa zida zoyenera kumachitika kutengera magawo omwe amayesedwa ndi kayendedwe ka gearbox.
  • Loboti ndi mtundu wamakina oyendera. Kamangidwe ka kusinthaku sikungakhale kosiyana ndi makina wamba: ili ndi zowalamulira, ndipo magiya amatenga nawo gawo polumikizana ndi zida zofananira pa shaft yoyendetsedwa. Kuwongolera kwamagalimoto kokha kumayang'aniridwa ndi kompyuta, osati driver. Ubwino wofalitsa kotere ndikusintha kosavuta kotheka.

Kupanga mwapadera ma gearbox

Kuphatikiza pa ma transmissions odziwika, zosintha zapadera zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pagalimoto. Mabokosi amtunduwu amakhala ndi kapangidwe kake, ndipo amakhala ndi machitidwe awo.

Bezvalnaya KP

Kutumiza komwe sikugwiritsa ntchito shafts yokhala ndi magiya athunthu kumatchedwa kuti shaftless. M'mapangidwe awo, ali ndi mizere ingapo yamagiya yomwe ili ndi nkhwangwa ziwiri zofananira. Zida zimalumikizidwa potseka maunyolo.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo zoyendetsera gearbox

Zida zili pamipando iwiri. Awiri mwa iwo adakhazikika mwamphamvu: kwa mtsogoleriyo idayikidwa mzere woyamba, ndipo wotsatira - womaliza. Magiya apakatikati omwe amakhala pamenepo amatha kutsogolera kapena kuyendetsa, kutengera kuchuluka kwa zida zamagetsi.

Kusinthaku kumapangitsa kuchuluka kwa kufalikira kukulirakulira mbali zonse ziwiri. Ubwino wina wofalitsa wotere ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu m'bokosilo. Chimodzi mwazovuta zoyipa ndizoyenera kukhalapo kwazowonjezera zothandizidwa zokha mothandizidwa ndi kusintha kwa magiya.

Bokosi lamagetsi losasinthika

Mtundu wina wamabokosi apadera ndiosafanizidwa kapena umodzi womwe ulibe ma synchronizer pamapangidwe ake. Itha kukhala yokhazikika mauna kapena mtundu wamagetsi.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo zoyendetsera gearbox

Kusintha zida mubokosi lotere, dalaivala ayenera kukhala ndi luso linalake. Ayenera kukhala wokhoza kusinthasintha kayendetsedwe kazida zamagalimoto ndi zolumikizira, kuti adziwe nthawi yosinthira kuchokera pagiya kupita ku zida zina, komanso kufananitsa liwiro la kasinthasintha ka crankshaft ndi accelerator. Akatswiri amatchula njirayi ngati kubwezera kapena kufinya kawiri clutch.

Kuti achite kusuntha kosalala, dalaivala ayenera kukhala ndi luso pakugwiritsa ntchito njirazi. Kutumiza kofananako kumaikidwa mu mathirakitala aku America, njinga zamoto, nthawi zina m'matrekta ndi magalimoto amasewera. M'masinthidwe amakono osalumikizidwa, clutch imatha kuchotsedwa.

Bokosi lamagetsi la Cam

Mabokosi a Cam ndi mtundu wamtundu wosasinthika. Kusiyanitsa kwake ndi mawonekedwe a mano ake. Kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito, mawonekedwe amakona anayi kapena mawonekedwe am'mano amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo zoyendetsera gearbox

Mabokosi oterewa ndiwosokonekera kwambiri, chifukwa chake amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto opepuka makamaka pamagalimoto othamanga. Pakati pa mpikisano, izi sizimvera chidwi, koma mgalimoto wamba kufalitsa kumeneku sikungakupatseni mwayi wosangalala ndi ulendowu.

Zotsatira KP

Bokosi lamagetsi lotsatana ndi mtundu wa kufalikira momwe kuwongolera kapena kukweza kumachitika kokha ndi gawo limodzi. Kuti muchite izi, chogwiritsira ntchito kapena chosinthana ndi phazi (pa njinga zamoto) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wosunthira zida mudengu limodzi nthawi imodzi.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo zoyendetsera gearbox

Kutumiza kwadzidzidzi ngati Tiptronic kuli ndi machitidwe ofananawo, koma kumangotsanzira zomwe zimachitika. Bokosi lamagetsi lotsatana limayikidwa mgalimoto za F-1. Kusintha kwachangu mwa iwo kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito masitepe oyenda pansi.

Kukonzekera CP

M'mawonekedwe achikale, bokosi lamagetsi lokonzekera liyenera kusankha koyambirira kwa zida zotsatirazi bokosi la gear lisanatengere. Nthawi zambiri zimawoneka chonchi. Galimoto ikuyenda, dalaivala adayika zida zotsatira pa wosankhayo. Makinawo anali kukonzekera kusintha, koma adatero mwa kulamula, mwachitsanzo, atakanikiza zowalamulira.

M'mbuyomu, ma gearbox amtunduwu anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zankhondo ndikutumiza kosasunthika, kopanda shaft kapena mapulaneti. Kusintha kwa mabokosi koteroko kunapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito njira zovuta mpaka mabokosi olumikizirana ndi makinawo atapangidwa.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo zoyendetsera gearbox

Pakadali pano bokosi lama preselection limagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma limadziwika kuti kufalitsa kwamagulu awiri. Poterepa, kompyuta imakonzekereratu kusintha kwakanthawi kofunikirako polumikiza shaft yoyenera ndi zida zogwiritsa ntchito diski yosakonzedweratu. Dzina lina la mtundu uwu mumapangidwe amakono ndi loboti.

Kusankha kwa gearbox. Zabwino ndi ziti?

Mabokosi ambiri amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zapadera kapena zida zamakina. Ma gearbox akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda mopepuka ndi awa:

  • Kutumiza Kwamanja. Uwu ndiye mtundu wosavuta wopatsirana. Kuti kusuntha kozungulira kufalikire kuchokera pagawo lamagetsi kupita ku shaft ya gearbox, basket yolumikizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pogwiritsa ntchito chidacho, dalaivala amasiya kutsika kwa bokosilo pamgalimoto, zomwe zimamupatsa mwayi wosankha zida zoyenera kuthamanga mwachangu popanda kuwononga makinawo.Chipangizo ndi mfundo zoyendetsera gearbox
  • Makinawa kufala. Makokedwe a mota amaperekedwa kudzera pama hydraulic transmission (makokedwe osinthira kapena kulumikiza kwamadzimadzi). Chinyezi chogwira ntchito chimagwira ngati chowunjikiza mumapangidwe. Iwo amayendetsa, monga ulamuliro, gearbox mapulaneti. Makina onsewa amayang'aniridwa ndi zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimasanthula deta kuchokera ku masensa ambiri ndikusankha kuchuluka kwamagalimoto molingana. Pakati pa mabokosi otsogola pali zosintha zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana (kutengera wopanga). Palinso mitundu yodziwikiratu yomwe ili ndi zowongolera pamanja.Chipangizo ndi mfundo zoyendetsera gearbox
  • Kutumiza kwa Robotic. Ma KP awa amakhalanso ndi mitundu yawo. Pali mitundu yamagetsi, yama hydraulic komanso kuphatikiza. Pakapangidwe kake, lobotiyo imafanana ndi kufalitsa kwamanja, koma kokha ndi kotsekera kwapawiri. Woyamba amapereka makokedwe ku galimoto kwa mawilo pagalimoto, ndipo chachiwiri basi amakonzekera limagwirira zida zina.Chipangizo ndi mfundo zoyendetsera gearbox
  • Kutumiza kwa CVT. Mu mtundu womwewo, chosinthacho chimakhala ndi ma pulleys awiri, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi lamba (imodzi kapena zingapo). Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi iyi. Pulley imasunthika kapena kumeta ubweya, ndikupangitsa lamba kusunthira kukulira kapena kokulirapo. Kuchokera apa, chiŵerengero cha zida chimasintha.Chipangizo ndi mfundo zoyendetsera gearbox

Nayi tchati chofananizira cha mtundu uliwonse wamabokosi ndi zabwino zawo ndi zovuta zake.

Mtundu wa bokosi:Momwe ntchitoulemuzolakwa
MKPPKusintha kwamanja, magiya ofananira.Kapangidwe kosavuta, kotsika mtengo kukonza ndikukonzanso, sikungopulumutsa mafuta.Woyamba ayenera azolowere ntchito maloboti wa zowalamulira ndi gasi ngo, makamaka poyambira kukwera phiri. Sikuti aliyense akhoza kuyatsa zida zoyenera nthawi yomweyo. Amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zowalamulira bwino.
Kutumiza kwachanguMpope wama hayidiroliki umapangitsa kupanikizika kwa magwiridwe antchito, omwe amayendetsa chopangira mphamvu, ndikumatumiza kasinthasintha ku zida zamagetsi.Yendetsani bwino. Sichifuna kuyendetsa galimoto poyendetsa magiya. Kusintha magiya, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino gwero lonse la injini. Imathetsa umunthu (pomwe dalaivala amatembenukira mwangozi liwiro loyamba m'malo mwachitatu). Amasuntha magiya bwino.Kukonzekera kwakukulu. Unyinji ndi waukulu kuposa wopatsirana. Poyerekeza ndi mtundu wapitawu wamagetsi, izi zimadzetsa mafuta ambiri. Kuchita bwino ndi mphamvu ndizotsika, makamaka ndimayendedwe amasewera.
RobotThe zowalamulira wapawiri limakupatsani kukonzekera zida lotsatira chinkhoswe pamene akuyendetsa. Nthawi zambiri, ngakhale zotumizira zimamangiriridwa ku gulu limodzi, ndipo zosamvetseka kwa zinazo. Mkati mofanana ndi bokosi lamakina.Kutalika kwakukulu kosinthira. Sikutanthauza kuti woyendetsa alowererapo pantchito. Mafuta mafuta. Kuchita bwino kwambiri komanso mphamvu. Mitundu ina imatha kusankha njira yogwiritsira ntchito.Kuvuta kwa makinawo kumabweretsa kutsika kotsika, kukonza pafupipafupi komanso mtengo. Zimalekerera molakwika mikhalidwe yovuta yamisewu.
Zosiyanasiyana (CVT)Makokedwe amafalikira pogwiritsa ntchito chosinthira makokedwe, monga pamakina othamanga. Kusunthira kwa magiya kumachitika ndikusunthira shaft pulley, yomwe imakankhira lamba pamalo omwe mukufuna, pomwe kuchuluka kwa magiya kumawonjezeka kapena kumachepa.Kusintha popanda ma jerks, wamphamvu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi wamba wamba. Amalola pang'ono kusungira mafuta.Sigwiritsidwe ntchito pamagetsi amphamvu, popeza kufalitsa ndi lamba. Kukonzekera kwakukulu. Amafuna kugwira ntchito bwino kwa masensa, pomwe chizindikirocho chimalandiridwa pakugwira ntchito kwa CVT. Zimalekerera molakwika mikhalidwe yovuta ndipo sakonda kukoka.

Mukamasankha mtundu wamagalimoto, ndikofunikira kupitilira osati pazachuma zokha, koma muziyang'ana kwambiri ngati bokosili ndiloyenera galimoto. Sikuti pachabe opanga kuchokera ku fakitole amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi aliwonse ndi bokosi linalake.

Kutumiza kwamanja ndikoyenera kwa dalaivala wokangalika yemwe amamvetsetsa zovuta za kuwongolera magalimoto othamanga. Makinawa ndi oyenera kwambiri kwa iwo omwe amakonda chitonthozo. Loboti imapereka mafuta oyenera ndipo amasinthidwa kuti ayendetse bwino. Kwa okonda magwiridwe antchito kwambiri pamakinawa, chosinthika ndichabwino.

Kumbali ya maluso aukadaulo, ndizosatheka kuloza bokosi langwiro. Aliyense wa iwo ali bwino pamikhalidwe yake komanso ali ndi luso loyendetsa galimoto. Nthawi ina, ndikosavuta kuti woyamba kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zotumiza zosiyanasiyana; ina, ndibwino kukulitsa luso logwiritsa ntchito makina.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi gearbox imakonzedwa bwanji? Kutumiza kwapamanja kumakhala ndi zida zingapo zomwe zimapanga magiya osiyanasiyana. Kutumiza kodziwikiratu kumakhala ndi chosinthira ma torque ndi ma pulleys osiyanasiyana (CVT). Loboti ndi analogue yamakina, yokhala ndi ma clutch awiri.

Kodi mkati mwa gearbox ndi chiyani? Mkati mwa gearbox iliyonse muli ndi drive ndi shaft yoyendetsedwa. Kutengera ndi mtundu wa bokosi, ma pulleys kapena magiya amayikidwa pamitengo.

Kuwonjezera ndemanga