Kuchepetsa kukula - ndi chiyani?

Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 70, tawona ndondomeko yomwe makampani oyendetsa galimoto ayesa kuchepetsa kukula kwa kufalitsa pamene akusunga machitidwe omwe amadziwika kuchokera ku mibadwo yakale. Kuchepetsa ndi njira yomwe ikuyembekezeka kuchititsa kuti injini igwire ntchito mwachuma komanso moyenera komanso kuchepetsa utsi pochepetsa kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa masilinda. Popeza kuti mafashoni amtundu uwu ali ndi chikhalidwe chautali, lero tikhoza kulingalira ngati n'zotheka komanso zachilengedwe kuti zisinthe injini yaikulu ndi yaying'ono ndikusunga zomwe zikuyembekezeka.

Muphunzirapo chiyani pa positiyi?

• Kodi maganizo a okonzawo anali otani pankhani yochepetsa kukula kwake?
• Kodi injini yaying'ono yamasilinda anayi imagwira ntchito bwanji?
• Ndi kusagwirizana kotani kumene kwabuka chifukwa cha kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa ntchito?
• Kodi kulephera kwa ma mota ang'onoang'ono kunali kotani?

Mwachidule

Ma injini otsika amakhala ndi masilinda awiri kapena atatu, iliyonse mpaka 0,4cc. Mwachidziwitso, ziyenera kukhala zopepuka, zowotcha pang'ono komanso zotsika mtengo kupanga, koma zambiri sizigwira ntchito bwino, zimatha mwachangu, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kupeza mtengo wowoneka bwino wamapangidwe amtunduwu. Zopangidwa ndi opanga ma recharging osakwatiwa komanso awiri amatha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a module. Makina ochita bwino akuphatikiza injini ya 3 TSI yamasilinda atatu m'magalimoto ang'onoang'ono a Volkswagen ndi ngolo ya Škoda Octavia station.

Kuchepetsa ndi kwa chiyani?

Wachepetsedwa mpaka kusintha injini zazikulu ndi zazing'ono. Komabe, kufalikira kwa lingaliro la kusamuka kwa injini kumagalimoto onse sikolondola - injini ya 1.6, yomwe nthawi zina imakhala yaying'ono kwambiri pagalimoto yapakatikati, imagwira ntchito bwino pagalimoto yaying'ono. Zimachitikanso kuti magalimoto okhala ndi injini yayikulu yamphamvu amangogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo zonse kwa nthawi yochepa ndipo mphamvu ya mafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito sagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino.

Chizoloŵezi choyendetsa injini pamafuta ochepa ndi chifukwa cha chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, opanga ayesa kwazaka zambiri kuchepetsa mphamvu ya injini ndikuwonetsetsa kuti panthawi yopanga ndi kupanga, kotero kuti makina amatha kuyenda bwino ngakhale ndi magawo otsika a injinikomabe, sikuti nthawi zonse amapereka zotsatira zomwe akufuna.

Kodi injini yachikale komanso yocheperako imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Torque ndi yomwe imapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu yoyendetsera mawilo a injini mu silinda. Ngati chiwerengero cha masilindala chimasankhidwa mosamala, ndalama zoyaka moto zidzachepetsedwa ndipo mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zidzapezedwa.... Voliyumu yabwino kwambiri yogwirira ntchito ya silinda imodzi ndi 0,5-0,6 cm3. Choncho, mphamvu ya injini ayenera kukhala motere:

• 1,0-1,2 pamakina amitundu iwiri,
• 1,5-1,8 pamakina atatu a silinda,
• 2,0-2,4 pamakina a silinda anayi.

Komabe, opanga omwe ali ndi mzimu wochepetsera amapeza kuti ndizofunikira. yamphamvu voliyumu 0,3-0,4 cm3... Mwachidziwitso, miyeso yaying'ono ikuyembekezeka kupangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zochepa zogwirira ntchito komanso kutsika kwamafuta. Koma kodi zilidi choncho?

Ma torque amawonjezeka molingana ndi kukula kwa silinda ndipo liwiro lozungulira limachepa.chifukwa zida zolemera monga ndodo yolumikizira, pistoni, ndi pini ya gudgeon ndizovuta kuyendetsa kuposa ma injini ang'onoang'ono. Ngakhale zingawoneke zosangalatsa kuti muwonjezere RPM mwachangu mu silinda yaying'ono, kumbukirani kuti injiniyo imamangidwa mozungulira. sizingayende bwino ngati kusuntha kwa silinda iliyonse ndi torque sizigwirizana..

Ngati voliyumu ya silinda si upambana malita 0,4, padzakhala koyenera kulipira kusiyana kumeneku mwa njira ina yoyenda yosalala. Pakadali pano turbocharger kapena turbocharger yokhala ndi makina omata. amalola kuwonjezera torque pa low rpm... Munjira yomwe imadziwika kuti kuyitanitsa kamodzi kapena kawiri, mpweya wambiri umakakamizika kulowa m'chipinda choyaka moto ndi Injini ya "oxygenated" imawotcha mafuta bwino kwambiri.... Ma torque amawonjezeka ndipo mphamvu yayikulu ikuwonjezeka, kutengera rpm. Komanso jekeseni wachindunji kutulukira mu injini ndi miyeso yochepetsedwa, imapangitsa kuyaka kwa mafuta osakaniza amtengo wapatali ndi mpweya.

Ndi kusagwirizana kotani kumene kwabuka chifukwa cha kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa ntchito?

Sizovuta kupeza galimoto pamsika ndi injini ya 100 ndiyamphamvu ndi voliyumu zosaposa 1 lita. Tsoka ilo, chidziwitso cha okonza amakono ndi luso laukadaulo salola kukwaniritsa miyezo yolimba ya chilengedwe. Zotsatira zake ndi zotsutsana ndi m'malo mwake, kutulutsa mpweya kumawonjezeka ndi kuchepa kwa masitima apamtunda. Lingaliro lakuti injini yaying'ono imatanthauza kuchepa kwa mafuta sizoona kwenikweni - ngati injini yogwiritsira ntchito ndikutsitsa sibwino, imatha kuwotcha injini zopitilira 1.4... Malingaliro azachuma akhoza kukhala mtsutso "pokomera" mlandu. kuyendetsa bwino... Ndi mawonekedwe aukali, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mumzinda kumawonjezeka mpaka 22 malita pa 100 km!

Ma injini opepuka okhala ndi masilinda ochepa nthawi zambiri amawononga ndalama zowonjezera - amawononganso masauzande angapo mukawagula. Zopindulitsa zomwe amapereka ndizochokera ku 0,4 mpaka 1 lita imodzi yamafuta powerengera pa mtunda wa makilomita XNUMX.chifukwa chake ndi ochepa kwambiri kuti awonjezere kutchuka kwa gawoli. Madalaivala omwe amazolowera kugwira ntchito ndi injini zamasilinda anayi adzakhalanso osatonthozeka chifukwa cha phokoso la zitsanzo ziwiri ndi zitatu yamphamvu, amene alibe chochita ndi tingachipeze powerenga injini hum... Izi ndichifukwa choti makina amitundu iwiri ndi atatu amapanga kugwedezeka kwakukulu, kotero kuti phokosolo limasokonezedwa.

Kumbali inayi, kukhazikitsidwa kwa cholinga chachikulu chochepetsera kukula, komwe ndikuchepetsa mtengo wamafuta, amadzaza ma motors ang'onoang'ono... Chifukwa chake, zomanga zotere zimatha mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zidasinthidwa zidasinthidwa, pomwe General Motors, Volkswagen ndi Renault onse adalengeza kuti akusiya kudula mu 2016.

Kodi pali zitsanzo zabwino zochepetsera anthu?

Ma silinda ang'onoang'ono a 0,8-1,2, ngakhale sinthawi zonse, amatha kuchita bwino kwambiri. Ma injini ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi masilinda ochepa chifukwa chake ndi ochepa omwe amafunikira kuti atenthetse zinthu zomwe zimagundana.... Iwo ndi opindulitsa, koma okha galimoto zisathe. Vuto lina ndiloti mavuto ena amadza pamene kukula kwa injini kumachepa. Izi makamaka ndizochita bwino komanso kusadalirika kwa njira zamakono zopangira jakisoni kapena kulipira kamodzi kapena kawiri, komwe kumachepetsa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu. Ndiye kodi pali injini zochepetsera zomwe muyenera kuyamikira? Inde, mmodzi wa iwo ndithudi atatu yamphamvu 1.0 TSI injini amadziwika osati Volkswagen yaying'ono vani, komanso Skoda Octavia ndi siteshoni ngolo thupi..

Mosasamala kanthu kuti mumasankha galimoto yokhala ndi injini yotsika kapena yopanda injini, mumayisamalira nthawi zonse. Mukhoza kupeza ziwalo zamagalimoto, madzi ogwira ntchito ndi zodzoladzola zofunika pa webusaiti ya avtotachki.com. Njira yabwino!