Mayendetsedwe a injini za dizilo atatu-lita BMW
Zamkatimu
Injini ya diesel ya BMW yokhala ndi sikisi sikisi imodzi itatu ilipo ndi zotuluka kuchokera ku 258 mpaka 381 hp. Alpina akuwonjezera kutanthauzira kwake kwa 350 hp kuphatikiza uku. Kodi mukufunikira kuyika ndalama mwa otsutsa mwamphamvu kapena kuchita zinthu mochenjera ndi mtundu wopindulitsa kwambiri?
Ma turbodiesel atatu-lita okhala ndi magawo anayi osiyanasiyana amagetsi - poyang'ana koyamba, zonse zikuwoneka bwino. Izi mwina ndi kuyika kwamagetsi kokha, ndipo kusiyana kuli m'munda wa microprocessor control. Osati kwenikweni! Izi siziri choncho, ngati chifukwa chakuti tikukamba za njira zosiyanasiyana zamakono m'munda wa machitidwe a turbocharging. Ndipo ndithudi, osati mwa iwo okha. Pamenepa, mafunso angapo amabuka mwachibadwa: kodi 530d si chisankho chabwino kwambiri? Kapena kodi 535d si kuphatikiza kwabwino kwambiri kwamtundu ndi mtengo? Bwanji osayang'ana pa Alpina D5 yovuta komanso yamphamvu koma yokwera mtengo kuchokera ku Buchloe kapena mwachindunji ku Munich's flagship M550d?
Kupatula kusiyanasiyana kwamphamvu ndi makokedwe, tiyenera kuwonjezera kuma account kusiyana kwa leva 67 pakati pamachitidwe opindulitsa kwambiri komanso okwera mtengo kwambiri. 000d ndi 530 hp ali ndi mtengo wochepa wa leva 258 96, 780 pence (535 hp) amawononga ma levit 313 15 kuposa. Izi zikutsatiridwa ndi kulumpha kwakukulu kwachuma ku M 320d ndi 550 leva, ndipo pamndandanda wamitengo ya Alpina timapeza mtundu wapakatikati wokhala ndi 163 hp. kwa ma euro 750.
Njira zamagetsi
Ngakhale kuti ndiopanda mphamvu kwambiri, mtundu wa 530d wokhala ndi makokedwe a 560 Nm umaperekanso kulumpha kwamphamvu mothandizidwa, ndikuchedwa kwakeko poyankha. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa Garrett turbocharger yayikulu imakhala ndi ma geometry osinthika (VTG) momwe ma vanese apadera ofananirako amaikidwa panjira ya mpweya wotulutsa utsi. Kutengera mipata yomwe imapangidwa pakati pawo, yomwe zamagetsi zimayang'anira kutengera kuchuluka ndi kuthamanga, mayendedwe amayendetsedwa pang'ono kapena pang'ono, ndikupereka yankho mwachangu kwa chopangira mphamvu, ngakhale chimakhala chachikulu komanso mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, kuthamangitsa kwadzidzidzi kumalumikizidwa ndi kuthamanga kwapafupipafupi (1,8 bar).
Onse 530d ndi m'bale wamkulu 535d ali ndi crankcase ya aluminium. Mu gawo lamphamvu kwambiri, kupanikizika kwa jakisoni wamafuta kwawonjezeka kuchokera pa 1800 kupita ku 2000 bar, ndipo dongosolo loyendetsa tsopano lili ndi ma turbocharger awiri. Pama rpms apansi, turbocharger yaying'ono (yokhala ndi VTG variable geometry) imadzaza injini pomwe mpweya wabwino womwe umalandila umakanikizidwa pang'ono ndi wokulirapo. Pakadali pano, valavu yolambalala imayamba kutseguka, ndikulola kuti mpweya wina uyende molunjika mu turbocharger yayikulu. Pakadutsa nthawi, pomwe mayunitsi onse awiriwa amagwira ntchito, yayikuluyo imayamba kugwira ntchitoyo, kuchotsa yaying'onoyo.
Kuthamanga kwakukulu pamtunduwu ndi 2,25 bar, kompresa yayikulu ndiyomwe imakhala yotsika kwambiri ndi bala yake ya 2,15, pomwe gawo laling'ono lomwe limapangidwa kuti likhale ndi kuthamanga kuli ndi ntchito yopereka mpweya kuti uyankhe bwino kuthamanga kotsika ndipo nthawi zonse amalandira mpweya wopanikizika kuchokera ku kompresa wamkulu.
Mwachidziwitso, a 535d akuyenera kuyankha mwachangu kuposa ma 530d modzaza ndikupeza ma rampu ofulumira. Komabe, miyezo yomwe idatengedwa ndi auto motor und sport imapanga chithunzi chosiyana pang'ono. Poyambira mpaka 80 km / h, injini yofooka imathamanga kwambiri (3,9 motsutsana ndi masekondi 4,0), koma pakati pa 80 ndi 100 km / h 535d yayamba kale kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse ndipo ili patsogolo pa 530d. Kuyeza kopitilira muyeso mwachangu kwa 1000 rpm pachisanu chachisanu kuwonetsa kuti poyambirira galimoto yomwe ili ndi injini yofooka imamupeza mchimwene wake wamphamvu kwambiri ndipo patangotha masekondi 1,5 okha amphamvu kwambiri amafikira liwiro lake (apa tikulankhula za kuthamanga kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 3 km / h) ndikuwupeza, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yake yokwanira 630 Nm.
Lingaliro lina
Alpina D5 imakhala m'malo ochepetsetsa pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi, koma chonsecho Buchloe imagwira bwino ntchito potengera kuthamanga kwapakatikati pamayeso. Chifukwa chiyani zili choncho? Alpina amagwiritsa ntchito injini ya 535d yotsekemera, koma akatswiri amakampaniwa akwaniritsa zonse zomwe amapereka kuti apereke mpweya wokwanira kudzaza zonenepa. Makina atsopanowa omwe amakhala ndi chitoliro chowonjezeka komanso kutalika kwa kupindika kumachepetsa kutsutsana kwa mpweya ndi 30 peresenti. Chifukwa chake, injini imapuma momasuka kwambiri, ndipo mpweya wochuluka umapangitsa kuti athe kubaya mafuta ambiri a dizilo komanso, kuwonjezera mphamvu.
Popeza Alpina crankcase siyolimbikitsidwa ngati M 550d, mainjiniya a kampaniyo adakulitsa kukhathamira kwawo ndi bala 0,3 yokha. Izi, limodzi ndi njira zina zowonjezera mphamvu, komabe zidapangitsa kuti kutentha kwa gasi kutenthe ndi madigiri a 50, ndichifukwa chake mapaipi otulutsa utsi amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosagwira kutentha kwambiri cha D5S.
Dongosolo la turbocharger lokha silinasinthe. Kumbali inayi, monga tanena kale, mathirakiti olowetsa ndi kutulutsa akonzedwa ndipo kukula kwa intercooler kwawonjezeka. Otsatirawa, komabe, adasungabe kuziziritsa kwa mpweya ndipo, mosiyana ndi kuzizira kwamadzi kozizira M 550d, safunika kugwiritsa ntchito dera loyendera madzi.
Pamwamba
Chitsanzo chapamwamba cha dizilo cha kampani ya Bavaria ndicho chokhacho chomwe chilipo ngati muyezo wokhala ndi magudumu onse, komanso ukadaulo wapadera wowonjezera mafuta okhala ndi ma turbocharger atatu. Atangochita idling, turbocharger yaying'ono (VTG) imatenga ndipo yayikulu (yopanda VTG) imapereka mphamvu pafupifupi 1500rpm, kutsatira mfundo ya 535d's cascade - pafupifupi 2700rpm, valavu yodutsa yomwe imapatutsa mpweya wina ku turbocharger yayikulu. Kusiyanitsa kwa dongosolo la block-block ndikuti gawo lachitatu, kachiwiri laling'ono, turbocharger limamangidwa pamzere wodutsawu.
Zomwe zili pa injini iyi zimalankhula zokha - 381 hp. kukhala pamlingo uwu kuyambira 4000 mpaka 4400 rpm kumatanthauza lita imodzi ya 127 hp. 740 Nm wa makokedwe kupereka kukopa kwambiri, ndi akafuna rev kufika 5400 rpm, kusuntha mu modes yachibadwa injini mafuta. Palibe injini ya dizilo yomwe ili ndi mitundu ingapo yogwiritsira ntchito pomwe imakhala yokwera kwambiri.
Zifukwa bodza m'munsi yaikulu luso injini - osati crankcase, crankshaft ndi ndodo kugwirizana, amene ayenera kupirira kuchuluka kuthamanga ntchito kuchokera 535 mpaka 185 bala poyerekeza 200d. Kuthamanga kwa jekeseni wamafuta kwakwezedwanso mpaka 2200 bar ndipo makina apamwamba kwambiri ozungulira madzi amaziziritsa mpweya woponderezedwa. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ntchito yapadera yokhudzana ndi magawo amphamvu - M 550d imathamanga kuchoka kuima mpaka 100 km / h mumasekondi asanu ndi 15,1 mpaka 200 km / h. kuyenga mosamala dongosolo la cascade la magawo awiri lilinso ndi kuthekera kochulukirapo. Inde, ponena za deta yoyera, Alpina D5 imatsalira kumbuyo kwa M 550d, koma injini yake iyenera kupirira kulemera kochepa (120 kg) - mfundo yomwe ikufotokoza mathamangitsidwe apafupi kwambiri.
Kuyerekeza kwenikweni
Momwemonso, tikulankhula za 535d yamphamvu pang'ono, koma yotsika mtengo kwambiri yomwe imagunda 200 km / h pafupifupi nthawi yofanana ndi omenyera ake apakhomo. Ngakhalenso kusiyana kwakukulu kungapezeke pakuchita kwa galimotoyo. Kubweza kwa Throttle, komwe nthawi zambiri kumatanthauziridwa ngati dzenje la turbo, ndikokwera kwambiri pa 535d komanso kutsika kwambiri pa M 550d. Kusintha kwakukulu kwaukadaulo kwakhudza pano - koma palibe ukadaulo wina wotere padziko lapansi.
Komabe, palinso mfundo zina zosangalatsa - pothamangira ku 80 km / h, 530d imapeza wamphamvu kwambiri ndi 50 hp. 535d pa. Womalizayo amakhalanso ndi utsogoleri, koma ndi mafuta ambiri omwe amamwa mafuta amafotokoza zambiri pa lita imodzi. Alpina ndi mfumu ponena za elasticity - kuwonjezeka mofulumira kwa torque ndi kulemera kochepa poyerekeza ndi M 550d kumapereka mwayi waukulu.
Ngati muyang'ana pazomwe zikuchitika mumsewu, mudzapeza kuti ngakhale poyerekeza ndi anzake amphamvu, 530d siili yoipa. Kuchita kwake molingana ndi mathamangitsidwe apakati ndi otsika, koma izi ndizomveka, chifukwa cha kufalikira kwakukulu, komwe, komabe, kumapereka mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mafuta poyendetsa mothamanga kwambiri. Komabe, kukhazikitsidwa uku sikukhala vuto lamphamvu, chifukwa pakakhala kutseguka kwadzidzidzi kwa throttle, kufalikira kwa ma-speed eyiti kumachita mofulumira mokwanira ndipo kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kuthamanga kwamphamvu. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, ndi 258 hp. The 530d ikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha mzere wa dizilo. Komabe, mtundu uwu tsopano uli pamwamba pa chizindikiro china - monga malingaliro athu mu kuyerekezera uku.
mawu: Markus Peters
Zambiri zaukadaulo
| Alpina D5 BiTurbo | Bmw 530d | Bmw 535d | BMW M550d xDrive | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ntchito voliyumu | - | - | - | - |
| Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu | Zamgululi 350 ks pa 4000 rpm | Zamgululi 258 ks pa 4000 rpm | Zamgululi 313 ks pa 4400 rpm | Zamgululi 381 ks pa 4000 rpm |
| Kuchuluka makokedwe | - | - | - | - |
| Kupititsa patsogolo 0-100 km / h | 5,2 s | 5,9 s | 5,6 s | 5,0 s |
| Ma braking mtunda pa liwiro la 100 km / h | - | - | - | - |
| Kuthamanga kwakukulu | 275 km / h | 250 km / h | 250 km / h | 250 km / h |
| Kuchuluka kwa mowa mafuta pamayeso | 10,3 l | 8,3 l | 9,4 l | 11,2 l |
| Mtengo Woyamba | 70 950 euro | 96 780 levov | 112 100 levov | 163 750 levov |
