Mafuta Oyendetsa - Pampu Yowonjezera

Pampu yamafuta kapena pampu yoperekera mafuta ndi gawo la injini yamafuta yomwe imanyamula mafuta kuchokera ku tanki kupita kumadera ena ozungulira mafuta. Masiku ano, awa ndi mapampu a jakisoni (kuthamanga kwambiri) - injini za jakisoni. M'mainjini akale (jakisoni wamafuta osalunjika) anali jekeseni wachindunji kapena ngakhale m'magalimoto akale ndi carburetor (chipinda choyandama).

Pampu yamafuta yamagalimoto imatha kuyendetsedwa pamakina, pamagetsi kapena pamagetsi.

Mapampu Oyendetsa Mafuta

Zakulera mpope

Makina akale a petulo okhala ndi ma carburetors nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mpope (kutulutsa kuthamanga 0,02 mpaka 0,03 MPa), yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi makina oundana (pusher, lever ndi eccentric). Carburetor ikadzazidwa ndi mafuta mokwanira, chipinda choyandama cha singano chimatseka, valavu yotulutsa pampu imatseguka, ndipo mzere wotulutsira amakhalabe wopanikizika kuti agwiritse chotsekeracho mozama kwambiri. Kutumiza mafuta kwasokonezedwa. Ngakhale makina opangira ma eccentric akadathabe (ngakhale injini ikuyenda), kasupe yemwe amakonza kutulutsa kwa pampu diaphragm amakhalabe opanikizika. Valavu ya singano ikatsegulidwa, kukakamira kwa mpope kumatsikira, ndipo chifundacho, chomwe chimakankhidwa ndi kasupe, chimayambitsa kukwapulidwa, komwe kumakhazikikanso pa pusher kapena lever ya eccentric control limagwirira, lomwe limakanikiza kasupe pamodzi ndi diaphragm ndikuyamwa mafuta kuchokera mu thankiyo kulowa mchipinda choyandama.

mpope zida

Pampu ya gear imathanso kuyendetsedwa ndi makina. Imakhala molunjika pampopi yothamanga kwambiri, komwe imagawana nawo galimotoyo, kapena imakhala padera ndipo imakhala ndi makina ake. Pampu yamagetsi imayendetsedwa ndi makina kudzera pa clutch, giya kapena lamba wa mano. Pampu ya gear ndiyosavuta, yaying'ono kukula kwake, yopepuka komanso yodalirika kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, pampu yamagetsi yamkati imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe, chifukwa cha gearing yapadera, sichifuna zina zowonjezera zosindikizira kuti zisindikize mipata ya munthu (zipinda) pakati pa mano ndi mipata pakati pa mano. Maziko ake ndi magiya awiri ogwirizana omwe amazungulira molunjika. Amanyamula mafuta pakati pa matabwa kuchokera kumbali yokoka kupita ku mbali yokakamiza. Kulumikizana pamwamba pakati pa mawilo kumalepheretsa mafuta kubwerera. Gudumu lakunja lakunja limalumikizidwa ndi shaft yoyendetsedwa ndi makina (yoyendetsedwa ndi injini) yomwe imayendetsa gudumu lakunja lamkati. Mano amapanga zipinda zoyendera zotsekedwa zomwe zimachepa pang'onopang'ono ndikuwonjezeka. Zipinda zowonjezera zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kulowetsa (kulowetsa) kutsegula, zipinda zochepetsera zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kutsegula (kutulutsa) kutsegula. Pampu yokhala ndi bokosi lamkati la gear imagwira ntchito ndi mphamvu yotulutsa mpaka 0,65 MPa. Liwiro la mpope, motero kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amanyamulidwa, kumadalira kuthamanga kwa injini, ndipo motero kumayendetsedwa ndi valavu yothamanga pambali yoyamwa kapena valavu yopumula pambali yopanikizika.

Mapampu amafuta oyendetsedwa ndi magetsi

Ndi malo, adagawika:

• mapampu okhala mu mzere,
• mapampu mu thanki yamafuta (mu-thanki).

In-Line amatanthauza kuti mpope ukhoza kupezeka paliponse pamzere wamafuta otsika. Ubwino ndi wosavuta m'malo-kukonza pakagwa kuwonongeka, choyipa ndichofunika malo abwino komanso otetezeka pakagwa kuwonongeka - kutayikira kwamafuta. Pampu ya submersible (In-Tank) ndi gawo lochotseka la tanki yamafuta. Imayikidwa pamwamba pa thanki ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala gawo la gawo la mafuta, lomwe limaphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, fyuluta yamafuta, chidebe chosungiramo madzi ndi sensa ya mafuta.

Pampu yamafuta amagetsi nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu thanki yamafuta. Zimatenga mafuta kuchokera mu thanki ndikuziperekera pampu yamagetsi (jekeseni wachindunji) kapena kwa ojambulira. Iyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti, ngakhale pamavuto akulu (magwiridwe antchito otseguka pakatenthedwe kunja), thovu silimapangika pamzere wamafuta chifukwa chopumira kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, sipayenera kukhala zovuta zina za injini chifukwa cha kuwonekera kwa mafuta thovu. Mpweya waubweya umabwereranso ku thanki yamafuta kudzera pampope. Pampu yamagetsi imatsegulidwa poyatsira (kapena chitseko cha driver chimatsegulidwa). Pampu imayenda pafupifupi masekondi awiri ndikumangika kupsinjika kwamafuta. Pakutentha pamakina a dizilo, pampu imazimitsidwa kuti isadzaze batire mosafunikira. Mpope umayambiranso injini ikangoyamba kumene. Mapampu amafuta oyendetsedwa ndi magetsi amatha kulumikizidwa ndi choyimitsa galimoto kapena ma alamu ndipo amalamulidwa ndi gawo loyang'anira. Chifukwa chake, chowongolera chimatseketsa kuyambitsa (magetsi) a pampu yamafuta pakagwiritsidwe ntchito kosaloledwa pagalimoto.

Pampu yamafuta yamagetsi ili ndi magawo atatu akulu:

• magetsi,
• sam nasos,
• cholumikiza chivundikirocho.

Chivundikiro cholumikizira chimakhala ndi maulumikizidwe amagetsi komanso mgwirizano wopangira jekeseni wamafuta. Zimaphatikizaponso valavu yosabwezera yomwe imasungitsa dizilo pamzere wamafuta ngakhale mpope wamafuta wazimitsidwa.

Potengera kapangidwe, timagawa mapampu amafuta kukhala:

• mano
• centrifugal (yokhala ndi njira zammbali),
• wononga,
• phiko.

Zida mpope

Pampu yamagetsi yoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi imakhala yofanana ndi pampu yamagetsi yoyendetsedwa ndi makina. Gudumu lakunja lakunja limalumikizidwa ndi mota yamagetsi yomwe imayendetsa gudumu lamkati lakunja.

Pampu yamagetsi

Mu mpope wamtunduwu, mafuta amayamwa ndikusungidwa ndi ma rotors oyenda mozungulira omwe amatsutsana nawo. Ma rotors amachita masewera ocheperako pang'ono ndipo amakhala atakwera patali. Kusinthasintha kozungulira kwama rotot amadzimadzi kumapangitsa malo osunthira voliyumu osunthika omwe amayenda bwino munjira ya axial momwe ma rotors amazungulira. Pamalo olowera mafuta, malo onyamula amachulukirachulukira, ndipo mdera lake limachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuthamanga kwa MP0,4. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, pampu ya screw imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pampu yotuluka.

Vane wodzigudubuza mpope

Makina ozungulira omwe ali ndi ma eccentrically (disk) amaikidwa mu kachingwe ka pampu, kamene kamakhala ndi masanjidwe ozungulira kuzungulira kwake. M'malo oyikapo, ma rollers amaikidwa ndi kuthekera kotsetsereka, ndikupanga mapiko otchedwa ozungulira. Ikazungulira, mphamvu ya centrifugal imapangidwa, ikukanikiza ma rollingwo mkati mwa nyumba yamapampu. Malo aliwonse amatsogolera wodzigudubuza momasuka, odzigudubuza omwe amakhala ngati chisindikizo chozungulira. Malo otsekedwa (kamera) amapangidwa pakati pa ma roller awiri ndi mphambano. Malo amenewa amakula kwambiri (mafuta amayamwa) ndipo amachepetsa (kuthawa mafuta). Chifukwa chake, mafuta amayendetsedwa kuchokera padoko lolowera (kulowetsa) kupita kudoko logulitsira (kubwereketsa). Vampu ya vane imakhala ndi vuto lotulutsa mpaka 0,65 MPa. Pampu yamagetsi yamagetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pagalimoto zonyamula ndi magalimoto opepuka ogulitsa. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, ndi koyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pampu yamatangi ndipo ili molunjika mu thankiyo.

A - kapu yolumikizira, B - mota yamagetsi, C - kupopera chinthu, 1 - chotulutsira, kutulutsa, 2 - zida zamagalimoto, 3 - pompopompo, 4 - chopumira, 5 - cholowera, kuyamwa, 6 - valavu.

1 - kuyamwa, 2 - rotor, 3 - roller, 4 - mbale yoyambira, 5 - kutulutsa, kutulutsa.

Centrifugal mpope

Rotor yokhala ndimasamba imayikidwa mu nyumba yopopera, yomwe imasunthira mafuta kuchokera pakatikati kupita kuzunguliro potembenuka ndikuchitapo kanthu kwa magulu a centrifugal. Kupsinjika kwakanema kwakanema kukuwonjezeka mosalekeza, i.e. popanda kusinthasintha (pulsations) ndikufikira 0,2 MPa. Mpope wamtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo loyamba (pre-siteji) pakakhala pampu wamagawo awiri kuti apange kupsyinjika kwa mafuta. Pankhani yokhazikitsa payokha, pampu ya centrifugal yomwe ili ndi masamba ambiri ozungulira imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imapereka kuthamanga kwa mpaka 0,4 MPa.

Ziwiri gawo mpope mafuta

Pochita, mutha kupezanso pampu yamafuta yamagawo awiri. Dongosololi limaphatikiza mapampu amitundu yosiyanasiyana kukhala pampu imodzi yamafuta. Gawo loyamba la mpope wamafuta nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi pampu yotsika kwambiri ya centrifugal yomwe imakoka mafuta ndikupangitsa kupanikizika pang'ono, potero kutulutsa mafuta. Mutu wa mpope wocheperako wa gawo loyamba umalowetsedwa mu polowera (kukoka) kwa mpope wachiwiri ndi kutulutsa kwapamwamba. Chachiwiri - pampu yayikulu nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa, ndipo pakutulutsa kwake mphamvu yofunikira yamafuta imapangidwira dongosolo lamafuta. Pakati pa mapampu (kutulutsa pampu ya 1 ndi kuyamwa kwa pampu ya 2) pali valavu yowonjezera yowonjezera yowonjezera kuti muteteze hydraulic overload ya pampu yaikulu ya mafuta.

Mapampu oyendetsedwa ndi hayidiroliki

Pampu yamtunduwu imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'matanki ovuta - ogawanika. Izi ndichifukwa choti mu thanki yogawanika imatha kuchitika kuti pakuwonjezera mafuta (pamapindikira) mafuta amatha kusefukira kumadera omwe sangafikire pampu yamafuta, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusamutsa mafuta kuchokera kugawo lina kupita ku lina. . Kwa izi, mwachitsanzo, pampu ya ejector. Kuthamanga kwa mafuta kuchokera pampopi yamagetsi yamagetsi kumakoka mafuta kuchokera kuchipinda cham'mbali cha thanki yamafuta kudzera mumphuno ya ejector kenako kumawapititsa ku tanki yotengerapo.

Chalk mafuta mpope

Kuzirala kwamafuta

M'makina a PD ndi Common Rail jekeseni, mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amatha kufikira kutentha kwakukulu chifukwa chothinikizika kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuziziritsa mafutawa musanabwerere ku thanki yamafuta. Mafuta omwe amatentha kwambiri akabwerera mu thanki yamafuta amatha kuwononga thankiyo komanso sensa yamafuta. Mafuta azirala m'malo ozizira mafuta omwe amakhala pansi pa galimoto. Wozizilitsa mafuta amakhala ndi njira yolowera kotenga mafuta omwe amabwerera. Redieta yomweyi imakhazikika ndi mpweya womwe umayenda mozungulira radiator.

Mavavu utsi, adamulowetsa mpweya canister

Mafuta amafuta ndi amadzimadzi osasunthika kwambiri, ndipo akathiridwa mu thanki ndikudutsa mpope, mpweya wa petulo ndi thovu zimapangika. Pofuna kupewa kuti nthunzi zamafutazi zisatuluke mu thanki ndi zida zophatikizira, makina otsekera amafuta okhala ndi botolo la kaboni lolumikizidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mpweya wa petulo womwe umapanga panthawi yogwira ntchito, komanso injini ikazimitsidwa, sungathe kuthawira ku chilengedwe, koma imagwidwa ndikusefedwa kudzera m'chidebe cha makala. Mpweya wopangidwa ndi moto uli ndi malo akuluakulu (1 gramu pafupifupi 1000 m) chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake otsekemera kwambiri.²) yomwe imagwira mafuta a gaseous - petulo. Injini ikamathamanga, kupanikizika koyipa kumapangidwa ndi payipi yopyapyala yomwe imachoka panjira yolowera injini. Chifukwa cha vacuum, gawo lina la mpweya wolowa limadutsa mu chidebe choyamwa kudzera mu chidebe cha kaboni. Ma hydrocarbon osungidwa amayamwa, ndipo mafuta oyamwa omwe amayamwa amalowetsedwa mu thanki kudzera mu valve yosinthiranso. Ntchitoyi, ndithudi, imayendetsedwa ndi unit control unit.