Trambler: chipangizo, kusokonekera, cheke

Pali zinthu zosiyanasiyana pagalimoto poyatsira, potengera momwe magwiritsidwe ake amaperekera nthawi yaying'ono yamphamvu. M'galimoto amakono, njirayi imayendetsedwa pakompyuta molingana ndi mapulogalamu omwe adayikidwa mgulu loyang'anira.

Magalimoto akale (osati zowerengera zapakhomo zokha, komanso mitundu yakunja) anali ndi zida zambiri zamakina zomwe zimafalitsa zikwangwani kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zadongosolo. Zina mwa njirazi ndi wofalitsa.

Wogulitsa ndi chiyani?

Gawoli limatchedwanso kuti chogawa chogawa pamakina oyatsira. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, njirayi imathandizira kutseka / kutsegula dera lamagetsi amodzi agalimoto.

Gawolo likhoza kupezeka ndi diso pokweza hood. Wogulitsa azipezeka pachikuto chamutu champhamvu. Sizingasokonezedwe ndi chilichonse, chifukwa mawaya amagetsi akuluakulu amalumikizidwa pachikuto chake.

Kodi ndi chiani chogawa?

Wogulitsa amaonetsetsa kuti pakakhala chilimbikitso chobwera kuchokera kumtutu (koyilo loyatsira). Mu silinda iliyonse ya injini ya sitiroko inayi, njira zinayi zimachitika, zomwe zimabwerezedwa motsatizana.

Mwa njira ina yamphamvu (sikuti injini zonse zimakhala ndi sitiroko yofananira), mafuta osakanikirana ndi mafuta amaponderezedwa. Parameter iyi ikafika pamtengo wokwanira (kupanikizika kwa injini), pulagi yamoto imayenera kutulutsa zotulutsa m'chipinda choyaka moto.

Kuti muwonetsetse kuti crankshaft ikuyenda bwino, zikwapu sizichitika motsatana, koma kutengera momwe cranksha imakhalira. Mwachitsanzo, mu injini zina zamphamvu 6, mapulagi a pulagi ndi awa. Choyamba, sapota amapangidwa mu silinda yoyamba, kenako yachitatu, kenako yachinayi, ndipo kuzungulira kumatha ndi yachiwiri.

Kuti cheche chikhale chopangidwa molingana ndi dongosolo la nthawi, wotumiza amafunika. Imasokoneza magetsi pamagetsi ena, koma imapereka pano kupita kwina.

Poyatsira mafuta osakaniza popanda wowagawira mu njira yolumikizirana ndizosatheka, chifukwa amagawira dongosolo la kutsegulira zonenepa. Kuti voliyumu ifike pamphindi wosasinthika, gawoli limalumikizidwa ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka magawidwe amagetsi.

Kodi wofalitsa amapezeka kuti?

Kwenikweni, wogulitsa poyatsira, mosasamala mtundu wake, ali pachikuto chamutu. Cholinga chake ndikuti shaft yogawa imagawidwa mozungulira chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa camshaft yamagetsi yogawira gasi.

Kotero kuti mzere wamagetsi kuchokera kwa wofalitsa kupita ku koyilo yoyatsira ndipo batri silitali kwambiri, wofalitsa-woyikirayo amaikidwa pambali ya chivundikiro chamutu chomwe batiriyo ili.

Wogulitsa ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito

Kutengera mtundu wamagalimoto, makinawa atha kukhala ndi kapangidwe kake, koma zinthu zofunika kwambiri zili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Trambler ili ndi zinthu izi:

• Shaft yokhala ndi zida, zomwe zimafinya ndimayendedwe a nthawi;
• Othandizira omwe amawononga magetsi (chinthu chonsecho chimatchedwa chosweka);
• Chophimba pomwe mabowo olumikizirana amapangidwira (Mawaya a BB amalumikizidwa ndi iwo). Mkati mwa gawoli, kulumikizana kumatulutsidwa pa waya uliwonse, komanso chingwe chapakati chomwe chimachokera pachitsulo choyatsira;
• Pansi pa chivundikirocho pali chotchinga chomwe chimakwera kutsinde. Imasinthanitsa ndi kulumikizana kwa makandulo ndi mawaya apakati;
• Zingalowe poyatsira poyang'anira nthawi.

Ichi ndi chiwembu chofala pakusintha kogawira kwa wogawira. Palinso mtundu wina wosalumikizana womwe uli ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, kokha kachipangizo chazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati breaker. Imaikidwa m'malo mwa gawo lowononga.

Ubwino wosasintha osalumikiza ndikuti amatha kupititsa mphamvu yamagetsi (kuposa kawiri).

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito wogawira ndi iyi. Chojambulira cha crankshaft chimatumiza kugunda ku coil. Mmenemo, panthawiyi, kumulowetsa koyambirira kumagwira ntchito. Chizindikiro chikangofika pachipangizocho, kumulowetsa kwachiwiri kumayambitsidwa, komwe kumapangidwa mphamvu yayikulu chifukwa chakulowetsedwa kwamagetsi. Zamakono kudzera pachingwe chapakati zimapita kwa wofalitsa.

Chotsatsira chozungulira chimatseka waya waukulu ndi chingwe cholumikizira cha plug. Kugunda kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kwamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu winawake kumaperekedwa kwa magetsi ofanana.

Tsatanetsatane wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri za chipangizo chogawa

Zinthu zosiyanasiyana za wogawira zimapereka kusokoneza kwake kwa nthawi yake ya kuperekedwa kwa magetsi ku mapiritsi oyambirira a koyilo ndi kugawa kolondola kwa phokoso lapamwamba lamagetsi. Amakulolani kuti musinthe nthawi yopangira spark kutengera momwe injini imagwirira ntchito (kusintha nthawi yoyatsira) ndikuchita ntchito zina. tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane.

Vacuum regulator

chinthu ichi ndi udindo kusintha poyatsira nthawi (UOZ), ngati n'koyenera kuti ntchito bwino kwambiri galimoto. Kusintha kumapangidwa panthawi yomwe injiniyo imakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu.

Wowongolera uyu akuimiridwa ndi chitsekerero chotsekedwa, chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi payipi yosinthika ku carburetor. Wowongolera ali ndi diaphragm. Vacuum mu carburetor imayendetsa diaphragm ya vacuum regulator.

Chifukwa cha izi, vacuum imapangidwanso m'chipinda chachiwiri cha chipangizocho, chomwe chimasintha pang'ono kamera yosokoneza kudzera pa disk yosuntha. Kusintha malo a diaphragm kumabweretsa kuyatsa koyambirira kapena mochedwa.

Octane corrector

Kuphatikiza pa chowongolera cha vacuum, mapangidwe a wogawa amakulolani kuti musinthe nthawi yoyatsira. Octane corrector ndi mulingo wapadera womwe malo olondola a nyumba yogawa nyumba yofananira ndi camshaft imayikidwa (imazungulira kuti ikuchuluke kapena kuchepetsa UOZ).

Ngati galimoto ndi refueled ndi makalasi osiyana mafuta, m`pofunika paokha anapereka octane corrector kuti poyatsira yake mpweya osakaniza mafuta. Kusintha kumachitika mopanda pake komanso ndi liwiro lolondola lopanda pake komanso kusakaniza kosakaniza (zomangira zapadera mu thupi la carburetor).

Machitidwe opanda contactless

Mtundu uwu wa poyatsira ndi wofanana ndi makina olumikizirana. Kusiyanitsa kwake ndikuti pamenepa ophwanya osalumikizana amagwiritsidwa ntchito (sensor ya Hall imayikidwa mu distributor m'malo mwa cam breaker). Komanso, chosinthira tsopano chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa dongosolo. Makina oyatsira osalumikizana samavutika ndi kuyatsa, komwe wosokoneza cam amadwala.

Mitundu ya omwe amagawa

Mtundu wa poyatsira umatengera mtundu wa omwe amagawa. Pali mitundu itatu mwa mitundu iyi:

• Lumikizanani;
• Osalumikizana;
• Zamagetsi.

Othandizira olumikizana ndi ukadaulo wakale kwambiri. Amagwiritsa ntchito makina osokoneza bongo. Werengani zambiri za njira yolumikizirana payokha.

Ma trambers osalumikizana sagwiritsa ntchito othamanga othamanga. M'malo mwake, pali chojambulira cha Hall chomwe chimatumiza ma pulse ku mtundu wama transistor. Werengani zambiri za sensa iyi. apa... Chifukwa cha wofalitsa wosalumikizana, ndizotheka kuwonjezera magetsi oyatsira, ndipo osalumikizana nawo sadzawotcha.

Komanso, chifukwa cha magetsi oyatsira kwambiri, mafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya amayaka munthawi yake (ngati UOZ yakhazikitsidwa moyenera), yomwe imathandizira kusintha kwamagalimoto komanso kususuka kwake.

Makina oyatsira magetsi alibe owagawira chifukwa, chifukwa palibe njira zofunika kupanga ndi kugawa zomwe zimayatsa. Chilichonse chimachitika chifukwa cha zikhumbo zamagetsi zomwe zimatumizidwa ndi gulu lamagetsi. Makina amagetsi amakhalanso mgulu la poyatsira popanda kulumikizana.

M'makina okhala ndi wofalitsa, wogawa uyu ndi wosiyana. Ena ali ndi shaft yayitali, ena amakhala ndi yaifupi, kotero ngakhale mutakhala ndi mtundu wofanana wa poyatsira, muyenera kusankha wogawa mtundu wina wamagalimoto.

Makhalidwe ofunikira a wofalitsa

Injini iliyonse payokha imakhala ndi machitidwe ake ogwirira ntchito, chifukwa chake wogulitsa ayenera kusinthidwa kuti akhale ndi izi. Pali magawo awiri omwe amakhudza kukhazikika kwa injini yoyaka yamkati:

• Ngodya yotsekedwa yolumikizirana. Chizindikiro ichi chimakhudza liwiro lotseka gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi. Zimakhudza momwe kumulowetsa koyilo kumakhalira pambuyo pakumasulidwa. Ubwino wa kuthetheka wokha kumadalira mphamvu yazomwe zilipo;
• Nthawi yoyatsira. Pulagi yamphamvu sayenera kuwombera panthawi yomwe pisitoni imakanikiza BTC ndikutenga malo apamwamba akufa, koma pang'ono pang'ono, kuti ikakwera bwino, njira yoyaka mafuta yayambitsidwa kale ndipo palibe kuchedwa. Kupanda kutero, kuyendetsa bwino kwamagalimoto kumatha kutayika, mwachitsanzo, posintha mawonekedwe oyendetsa. Dalaivala akasintha mwadzidzidzi ndikuyendetsa masewera othamanga, kuyatsa kuyenera kuyambitsidwa pang'ono pang'ono kuti, chifukwa cha kupindika kwa crankshaft, njira yoyatsira isachedwe. Woyendetsa galimoto akangolowa pamayendedwe, UOZ amasintha.

Magawo onse awiriwa amalamulidwa kwa omwe amagawa. Pachiyambi, izi zimachitika pamanja. Kachiwiri, wofalitsa-woperekayo amasintha mosiyana ndi momwe mota imagwirira ntchito. Kuti muchite izi, chipangizocho chili ndi oyang'anira apadera a centrifugal, omwe amasintha nthawi yopumira kuti iziyatsa zosakaniza panthawi yomwe pisitoni imangofika ku TDC.

Zovuta zoyendetsa

Popeza kuti woperekayo amakhala ndi tizigawo ting'onoting'ono tomwe pamaikidwapo mphamvu yamagetsi, zovuta zingapo zimatha kuchitika. Ambiri ndi awa:

• Injini ikakhala kuti siyimitsidwa chifukwa chazimitsa poyatsira, koma chifukwa cha zinthu zina zosayenerera (chifunga cholemera, pomwe kuwonongeka kwa mawaya ophulika kumatha kuwonedwa), chivundikirocho chimatha kuwonongeka. Pali milandu pafupipafupi pamene ming'alu amapangidwa mmenemo, koma nthawi zambiri ojambulawo amawotcha kapena oxidize. Kuwonongeka koteroko kungakhale chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa magalimoto;
• Fuse ya slider yaomba. Poterepa, m'malo mwake pamafunika, chifukwa kugunda sikupita kufupi;
• The capacitor yamenya. Vutoli nthawi zambiri limatsagana ndi kuwonjezeka kwamagetsi omwe amaperekedwa kumakandulo;
• Mapindikidwe a kutsinde kapena mapangidwe kuwonongeka kwa nyumba ya chipangizo. Poterepa, muyenera kusinthanso gawo losweka;
• Kuphulika kwa zingalowe. The wonongeka chachikulu ndi zakulera avale kapena ndi zauve.

Kuphatikiza pa omwe atchulidwa, kuwonongeka kwachilendo kumatha kuchitika kwa omwe amagawa. Ngati pali zovuta zilizonse pakucheperako, makinawo ayenera kuwonetsedwa kwa katswiri.

Momwe mungayang'anire ngati ikugwira ntchito?

Kuti muwonetsetse kuti ntchito yosakhazikika yamagalimoto imakhudzidwadi ndi kuwonongeka kwa omwe amagawa, muyenera kuchita zingapo:

• Timachotsa chivundikirocho ndikuyang'anitsitsa mapangidwe a makutidwe ndi okosijeni, ma kaboni kapena kuwonongeka kwamakina. Bwino kuti muchite bwino. Mkati mwake musakhale chinyezi komanso fumbi la graphite. Pasakhale kuwonongeka pa batani loyendetsa, ndipo olumikizanawo ayenera kukhala oyera;
• Chotsulocho chimayang'aniridwa ndikuchiyesa. Chophimbacho chimayesedwa ngati sichikulira, chimatambasula, kapena kuipitsidwa. Kukhazikika kwa chinthucho kumayang'anidwanso kudzera payipi ya chipangizocho. Kuti achite izi, mwiniwake wamagalimoto amatulutsa mpweya kuchokera payipi ndikutseka dzenjelo ndi lilime lake. Ngati zingalowe m'malo sizitha, ndiye kuti diaphragm ikugwira ntchito bwino;
• Kuwona kukanika kwa capacitor kumapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito multimeter (yosaposa 20 μF). Pasakhale zopatuka pazenera pazenera;
• Ngati ozungulirawo akudutsa, ndiye kuti kusokonekera uku kumatha kupezeka pochotsa chivundikirocho ndi kulumikiza kulumikizana kwa waya wapakati ndi kutsatsira. Ndikazungulira mozungulira, kuthetheka sikuyenera kuonekera.

Izi ndi njira zosavuta kuzindikira zomwe mwini galimoto amatha kuchita payekha. Kuti mudziwe zolondola komanso zakuya, muyenera kupita ndi galimoto kwa makaniko wamagalimoto omwe amagwiritsa ntchito poyatsira.

Nayi kanema wachidule wowona za kuwonongeka kwa SZ distribuer-breaker:

Kuyang'ana ndikusintha wofalitsa wakale kuchokera ku Svetlov

Momwe mungakonzere wogawa

Mawonekedwe a kukonzanso kwa wogawa zimadalira kapangidwe kake. Ganizirani momwe mungakonzere ogawa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zapakhomo. Popeza makinawa amagwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimawonongeka ndi kung'ambika kwachilengedwe, nthawi zambiri kukonza kwa wogawa kumabwera m'malo mwake.

Dongosolo la ntchito ndi motere:

1. Zomangira ziwiri ndizosapukutidwa, zomwe chopper chopukutira chimamangiriridwa ku mbale yoyambira. Rotor imachotsedwa. Pofuna kupewa zolakwika pakusonkhanitsa makinawo, m'pofunika kuyika zizindikiro pa akasupe ndi zolemera. Kasupe amachotsedwa ku centrifugal regulator.
2. Mtedzawu sunapangidwe, komwe kukhudzana kwa capacitor kumakhazikitsidwa. Chotsani condenser. Chotsani insulating spacer ndi washer.
3. Zomangira zimachotsedwa ku gulu lolumikizana, pambuyo pake zimachotsedwa, ndikuchotsanso ma washers.
4. Kulumikizana kosunthika kumachotsedwa pamzere wa gulu lolumikizana. Chotsukira loko chimachotsedwa, pomwe ndodo yowongolera vacuum imamangiriridwa, ndipo ndodoyo yokha (ili pa axis ya mbale yosunthika).
5. Vacuum regulator imathetsedwa. Pini yokonza clutch imatsitsidwa, kotero kuti clutch yokha ikhoza kuchotsedwa. Puck imachotsedwa pamenepo.
6. Shaft yogawa imachotsedwa, ma bolts omwe amateteza mbale zonyamula amachotsedwa. Chovala chosunthika chimachotsedwa pamodzi ndi chonyamula.

Pambuyo pogawanitsa, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana momwe zinthu zonse zimayendera (tsinde, makamera, mbale, zonyamula). Pasakhale kuvala pa shaft kapena makamera.

Onani ntchito ya capacitor. Mphamvu yake iyenera kukhala pakati pa 20 ndi 25 microfarads. Kenako, magwiridwe antchito a vacuum regulator amawunikidwa. Kuti muchite izi, kanikizani ndodo ndikutseka koyenera ndi chala chanu. Chidutswa chogwira ntchito chidzagwira ndodo pamalo amenewo.

Ndikofunikira kuyeretsa zolumikizira za osweka, kusintha mayendedwe mu nyumba yogawa (chombo cha hull), sinthani kusiyana kwa osweka (ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 0.35-0.38 mm.) Ntchitoyo ikatha, makinawo amasonkhanitsidwa sinthani dongosolo komanso molingana ndi zikhomo zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa kale.

m'malo

Ngati m'malo wathunthu wogawa akufunika, ndiye kuti ntchitoyi ikuchitika motere:

• Batire yazimitsidwa;
• Mawaya amphamvu kwambiri amachotsedwa pachivundikiro cha wogawa (ngakhale ali ndi utali wosiyana, amathanso kuwerengedwa molingana ndi malo omwe ali pachivundikirocho);
• Paipi ya vacuum regulator imachotsedwa;
• Wogawa wakale amachotsedwa, ndipo makina atsopano amaikidwa m'malo mwake.

Kusonkhanitsa kwa dongosolo loyatsira likuchitika motsatira dongosolo. Ngati, mutalowa m'malo ogawa, injiniyo inayamba kugwira ntchito molakwika (mwachitsanzo, pamene chopondapo cha gasi chikukanizidwa kwambiri, liwiro silikuwonjezeka, ndipo injini yoyaka mkati ikuwoneka ngati "kutsamwa"), muyenera kusintha pang'ono malo. wa wogawa pochitembenuza pang'ono pamalo ake kukhala chizindikiro china.

Kanema pa mutuwo

Nayi kanema wachidule wamomwe mungathetsere vutoli ndikuyatsa koyambirira mu injini ya carburetor nokha:

Bwererani ku VUTO LOYAMBA LOYAMBA!

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi wogulitsa ntchito zake ndi ndani? Wogawira ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuwotcha kwamibadwo yambiri yamagalimoto yamtsogolo. Itha kukhala ndi cholumikizira kapena chosalumikizana (chojambulira cha Hall Hall). Chipangizochi chimapanga kugunda komwe kumasokoneza kuyimitsidwa kwa koyilo loyatsira, chifukwa chake mpweya wamagetsi wapamwamba umapangidwamo. Magetsi ochokera koyilo yoyatsira amapita kumtunda wapakatikati wamagetsi wogawa ndipo kudzera pamagudumu oyenda mozungulira amapititsidwa kudzera pamawaya a BB kupita ku pulagi yolingana. Kutengera ndi ntchitoyi, chipangizochi chimatchedwa kuti poyatsira poyatsira.

Zizindikiro za kulephera kwa wogawira. Popeza kuti wogawa ntchitoyo ndi amene amagawira ndi kupereka mphamvu yamagetsi kuti ayatse mafuta osakaniza ndi mpweya, zovuta zake zonse zimakhudza momwe magalimoto amayendera. Kutengera mtundu wakuwonongeka, zizindikilo zotsatirazi zitha kuwonetsa wogawa wolakwika: galimoto imagwedezeka pakufulumira; liwiro losakhazikika; Mphamvu yamagetsi siyambira; galimoto yataya mphamvu; kugogoda kwa pisitoni kumveka pakufulumira; Kuwonjezeka kwa kudya kwa galimoto.