Kutalikirana Kwamagalimoto: Chilichonse Chimene Muyenera Kudziwa

Tangoganizirani kuchuluka kwa ngozi zomwe zingachepe ngati magalimoto akanayima nthawi yomweyo. Tsoka ilo, malamulo oyambira afizikiki amati izi sizingatheke. Kutalika kwa braking sikungafanane ndi 0 mita.

Ndi chizolowezi kuti opanga magalimoto "azidzitama" za chizindikiro china: kufulumizitsa mpaka 100 km / h. Inde, izi ndizofunikanso. Koma zingakhale zabwino kudziwa kutalika kwa ma braking mtunda wa mita ingati. Kupatula apo, ndizosiyana ndi magalimoto osiyanasiyana. 

Munkhaniyi, tikukuwuzani zomwe dalaivala aliyense amafunika kudziwa pamabuleki kuti akhale otetezeka panjira. Lumikizani ndipo tiyeni tizipita!

Kodi mtunda woyimira galimoto ndiyotani?

Mtunda wa braking ndi mtunda womwe galimoto imayenda ikangoyambitsa mabrake mpaka itayima. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chokha chomwe, kuphatikiza zinthu zina, chitetezo chagalimoto chimatsimikizika. Chizindikiro ichi sichiphatikizapo kuthamanga kwa driver.

Kuphatikizana kwa momwe woyendetsa galimoto amachitira pakagwa mwadzidzidzi komanso mtunda kuyambira koyambira kwa braking (dalaivala adakanikiza chidina) mpaka kuyimilira kwathunthu kwagalimoto amatchedwa mtunda woyimira.

Kodi braking distance ndi chiyani

Malamulo apamsewu akuwonetsa magawo ofunikira pomwe magwiritsidwe ntchito a galimoto amaletsedwa. Malire apamwamba ndi awa:

Mtundu Transport:	Braking mtunda, m
Njinga yamoto / moped	7,5
Galimoto	14,7
Basi / galimoto yolemera matani 12	18,3
Galimoto yolemera matani oposa 12	19,5

Popeza kuti mtunda woyimitsa mwachindunji umadalira kuthamanga kwa galimotoyo, mtunda womwe tatchulidwa pamwambapa womwe umayendetsedwa ndi galimoto pamene liwiro likuchepa kuchokera ku 30 km / h limaonedwa kuti ndilofunika kwambiri. (kwa magalimoto) ndi 40 km/h. (kwa magalimoto ndi mabasi) mpaka ziro.

Kuyimitsa mtunda

Kuchedwa kuyankha kwa ma braking system kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa galimotoyo ndipo nthawi zambiri kuvulaza iwo omwe ali mgalimoto. Mwachidziwikire: galimoto yomwe ikuyenda pa liwiro la 35 km / h idzagundana ndi cholepheretsa ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi kugwa kuchokera kutalika kwa mita zisanu. Ngati liwiro la galimoto likasemphana ndi cholepheretsa lifika pa 55 km / h, ndiye kuti mphamvuyo idzakhala yofanana ikamagwa kuchokera pansi yachitatu (90 km / h - kugwa kuchokera pansi pa 9, kapena kutalika kwa mita 30).

Zotsatira zakufufuzaku zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa woyendetsa galimoto kuwunika momwe mabuleki amagwirira ntchito, komanso kuvala matayala.

Njira yopangira mabuleki?

Fomula ya mtunda wa braking

Mtunda wa braking galimoto - uwu ndi mtunda womwe wayenda pakati pa nthawi yomwe dalaivala adawona zoopsa ndipo galimotoyo idayima. Choncho, kumaphatikizapo mtunda womwe wayenda panthawi yochitira (1 sekondi) ndi mtunda woyima. Zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi liwiro, misewu (mvula, miyala), galimoto (mabuleki, matayala, ndi zina zotero), ndi momwe oyendetsa galimoto amachitira (kutopa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mowa, etc.)

Dry braking distance mawerengedwe - chilinganizo

Kuti muwerenge mtunda woyenda ndi galimoto pamsewu wowuma, ogwiritsa ntchito amangofunika kuchulukitsa chakhumi cha liwiro lokha, lomwe limapereka ma equation awa: (V/10)²=Utali woyima mouma .

• Pa liwiro la 50 Km / h, mtunda braking = 5 × 5 = 25 m.
• Pa liwiro la 80 km/h, mtunda woyimitsa = 8 x 8 = 64 m.
• Pa liwiro la 100 Km / h, mtunda braking = 10 × 10 = 100 m.
• Pa liwiro la 130 Km / h, mtunda braking = 13 × 13 = 169 m.

Kuwerengera mtunda wonyowa - chilinganizo

Ogwiritsa ntchito msewu amathanso kuwerengera mtunda woyima wagalimoto yawo ikamayendetsa pamisewu yonyowa. Zomwe akuyenera kuchita ndikutenga mtunda woyimilira nyengo yowuma ndikuwonjezera theka la mtunda womwewo wa braking mu nyengo youma, ndikupereka ma equation awa: (V/10)²+((V/10)²/2)=mtunda woyimitsa wonyowa.

• Pa liwiro la 50 km/h, mtunda wonyowa wa braking mtunda = 25+ (25/2) = 37,5 m.
• Pa liwiro la 80 km/h, mtunda wonyowa wa braking mtunda = 80+ (80/2) = 120 m.
• Pa liwiro la 100 km/h, mtunda wonyowa wa braking mtunda = 100+ (100/2) = 150 m.
• Pa liwiro la 130 km/h, mtunda wonyowa wa braking mtunda = 169+ (169/2) = 253,5 m.

Zomwe zimakhudza mtunda wa braking

Pali zinthu zingapo zimene zimakhudza nthawi imene dalaivala amachita: kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kutopa kwake, komanso kukhazikika kwake. Kuphatikiza pa liwiro lagalimoto, nyengo, mikhalidwe yamisewu ndi matayala amaganiziridwanso powerengera mtunda wa braking.

Zochita kutali

Mawu awa, amatchedwanso mtunda wochitapo kanthu ndi mtunda umene galimoto imayenda pakati pa nthawi imene dalaivala azindikira ngoziyo ndi nthaŵi imene chidziŵitsocho chikupendedwa ndi ubongo wake. Nthawi zambiri timakambirana nthawi yapakati 2 masekondi kwa madalaivala omwe amayendetsa bwino. Kwa ena, zomwe zimachitika nthawi yayitali kwambiri, ndipo izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi liwiro lochulukirapo, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji kukulitsa chiopsezo cha kugunda.

Ma braking mtunda

Tikamanena za mtunda woima, tikutanthauza mtunda umene galimoto imayenda. kuyambira pomwe dalaivala akukankhira ma brake pedal mpaka galimoto itaima. Mofanana ndi mtunda wa momwe mungachitire, galimotoyo imathamanga kwambiri, imakhalanso mtunda wautali woyima.

Chifukwa chake, njira yoyimitsa mtunda imatha kuyimiridwa motere:

Kutalika konse kwa braking = mtunda wakuchita + mtunda wa braking

Momwe mungawerengere nthawi yonse yoyimitsa komanso kutalika komaliza?

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, dalaivala amafunika nthawi kuti asankhe pa braking. Ndiye kuti, kuchitapo kanthu. Kuphatikiza apo, zimatenga nthawi kuti musunthire phazi lanu kuchokera paphokoso lamagalimoto ndikuti galimoto ichitepo kanthu. 

Pali chilinganizo chomwe chimawerengera momwe woyendetsa amayankhira panjira. Nazi izi:

(Kuthamanga mu km / h: 10) * 3 = kutalika kwa mita

Tiyeni tiganizire zomwezo. Mukuyendetsa pa 50 km / h ndipo mumasankha kuyendetsa pang'onopang'ono. Mukamapanga chisankho, galimoto iyenda 50/10 * 3 = 15 mita. Mtengo wachiwiri (kutalika kwa mtunda weniweni), talingalira pamwambapa - 25 mita. Zotsatira zake, 15 + 25 = 40. Uwu ndi mtunda womwe galimoto yanu iyende mpaka mukaime kwathunthu.

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza ma braking ndi maimidwe oyimilira?

Tinalemba kale pamwambapa kuti zinthu zambiri zimakhudza mtunda woyimilira. Tikukupemphani kuti muwaganizire mwatsatanetsatane.

Kuthamanga

Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira. Poterepa, tikutanthauza osati kuthamanga kwa galimoto kokha, komanso kuthamanga kwa zomwe woyendetsa amachita. Amakhulupirira kuti zomwe aliyense amachita ndizofanana, koma izi sizowona. Zomwe akumana nazo poyendetsa, thanzi laumunthu, kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mankhwala, ndi zina zambiri zimathandizira. Komanso, "madalaivala osasamala" ambiri amanyalanyaza malamulo ndikusokonezedwa ndi mafoni am'manja pomwe akuyendetsa, zomwe, zotsatira zake, zimatha kubweretsa mavuto.

Kumbukirani mfundo ina yofunika kwambiri. Ngati liwiro lagalimoto likuwirikiza, mtunda wake woti uyimitsenso kanayi! Apa chiŵerengero cha 4: 1 sichigwira ntchito.

Zochitika paulendo

Mosakayikira, mawonekedwe amisewu amakhudza kutalika kwa mzere wama braking. Panjira yozizira kapena yonyowa, imatha kumera nthawi zina. Koma izi sizinthu zonse. Muyeneranso kusamala ndi masamba omwe agwa, pomwe matayala amayenda bwino, ming'alu pamwamba, mabowo, ndi zina zotero.

Matawi

Ubwino ndi mkhalidwe wa mphira zimakhudza kwambiri kutalika kwa mzere wamagalimoto. Nthawi zambiri, matayala okwera mtengo amathandizira panjira. Chonde dziwani kuti ngati kutsika kwakupondako kwatha kuposa mtengo wololezeka, ndiye kuti mphira wataya mwayi wothira madzi okwanira mukamayendetsa pamsewu wonyowa. Zotsatira zake, mutha kukumana ndi chinthu chosasangalatsa ngati kukwera m'madzi - galimoto ikatayika ndipo satha kuyisamalira. 

Kufupikitsa mtunda braking, Ndi bwino kukhalabe mulingo woyenera tayala kuthamanga. Ndi iti - wopanga makinawo akuyankheni funso ili. Ngati mtengowo ukupatuka mmwamba kapena pansi, mzere wa braking udzawonjezeka. 

Kutengera kulumikizana koyerekeza kwa matayala ndi msewu, chizindikirochi chidzakhala chosiyana. Nayi tebulo yofananizira pakudalira kwa mtunda wa mabuleki pamtundu wamisewu (galimoto yonyamula yomwe matayala ake amakhala ndi cholumikizira pafupifupi):

	60km / h	80 km / h.	90 km / h.
Youma phula, m.	20,2	35,9	45,5
Phula lonyowa, m.	35,4	62,9	79,7
Msewu wokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa, m.	70,8	125,9	159,4
Glaze, m.	141,7	251,9	318,8

Inde, zizindikirozi ndizochepa, koma zikuwonetseratu kufunikira kofunikira kuwunika momwe matayala agalimoto alili.

Luso la makina

Galimoto imangolowa mumseu uli bwino - uku ndi kutsata komwe sikufuna umboni. Kuti muchite izi, chitani zowunika zamagalimoto anu, konzani munthawi yake ndikusintha mabuleki.

Kumbukirani kuti ma disc omwe anathawa amatha kuwirikiza kawiri mzere wolumikizira.

Kusokonekera panjira

Galimoto ikuyenda, dalaivala alibe ufulu wosokonezedwa pakuyendetsa galimoto ndikuwongolera mayendedwe amtundu. Osati kokha chitetezo chake chimadalira izi, koma miyoyo ndi thanzi la okwera, komanso ena ogwiritsa ntchito misewu.

Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika muubongo wa dalaivala pakagwa mwadzidzidzi:

• kuwunika momwe magalimoto akuyendera;
• kupanga zisankho - kuchedwa kapena kuyendetsa;
• kuyankha pamkhalidwewo.

Kutengera luso lobadwa nalo la dalaivala, kuthamanga kwapakati pamagetsi kuli pakati pa masekondi 0,8 ndi 1,0. Makonzedwewa amakhala azadzidzidzi, osati zochitika zokha mukamachepetsa pamsewu wodziwika bwino.

Nthawi yochitira + Kuyimitsa mtunda = Kuyimitsa mtunda

Kwa ambiri, nthawi ino imawoneka ngati yoperewera kuyisamalira, koma kunyalanyaza zoopsa kumatha kubweretsa mavuto. Nayi tebulo lodalira momwe driver amayankhira komanso mtunda woyenda ndi galimoto:

Kuthamanga kwagalimoto, km / h.	Kutali mpaka nthawi yomwe mabuleki akuponderezedwa (nthawi imakhalabe yofanana - mphindi imodzi), M.
60	17
80	22
100	28

Monga mukuwonera, ngakhale kuchedwa kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri kumatha kubweretsa mavuto. Ichi ndichifukwa chake woyendetsa galimoto sayenera kuphwanya lamuloli: "Osasokonezedwa ndikutsatira liwiro la liwiro!"

Deceleration pamene braking

Zinthu zingapo zimatha kusokoneza woyendetsa kuyendetsa:

• foni yam'manja - ngakhale kuti muwone yemwe akuyimbira foni (polankhula pafoni, zomwe dalaivala amachita zimafanana ndi za munthu amene waledzera);
• kuyang'ana pagalimoto yomwe ikudutsa kapena kusangalala ndi malo okongola;
• kuvala lamba;
• kudya chakudya poyendetsa;
• kugwa kwa DVR yotayirira kapena foni yam'manja;
• kufotokozera za ubale wapakati pa driver ndi passenger.

M'malo mwake, ndizosatheka kupanga mndandanda wathunthu wazinthu zonse zomwe zingasokoneze woyendetsa kuyendetsa. Poona izi, aliyense ayenera kusamala za mseu, ndipo okwera ndege adzapindula ndi chizolowezi chosasokoneza woyendetsa kuyendetsa.

Mkhalidwe wa kuledzera kwa mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Malamulo a mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi amaletsa kuyendetsa galimoto mutamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mowa. Izi siziri chifukwa chakuti madalaivala amaletsedwa kusangalala ndi moyo mokwanira. Kutalika kwa braking kwagalimoto kumadalira mkhalidwewu.

Munthu akamamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mowa, zomwe amachita zimachepetsedwa (izi zimadalira kuchuluka kwa kuledzera, koma zomwe zimachitika zimachedwa). Ngakhale galimotoyo ili ndi mabuleki apamwamba kwambiri komanso othandizira, kukanikiza ma brake pedal mochedwa kwambiri pakachitika ngozi kungayambitse ngozi. Kuwonjezera pa kuyendetsa mabuleki, dalaivala woledzera amachitapo kanthu pang'onopang'ono kuti azitha kuyendetsa galimoto.

Kodi mtunda wa mabuleki ndi wotani pa liwiro la 50, 80 ndi 110 km / h.

Monga mukuwonera, chifukwa cha zosintha zambiri, ndizosatheka kupanga tebulo loyera lomwe limafotokoza mtunda woyima wa galimoto iliyonse. Izi zimakhudzidwa ndimayendedwe amgalimoto komanso mtundu wamisewu.

Avereji yama braking mtunda wa galimoto yonyamula yomwe imagwira ntchito, matayala apamwamba kwambiri komanso zomwe woyendetsa aliyense amachita:

Kuthamanga, km / h.	Pafupifupi braking mtunda, m
50	28 (kapena matupi asanu ndi amodzi)
80	53 (kapena matupi 13 amgalimoto)
110	96 (kapena nyumba 24)

Zinthu zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa chifukwa chake kuli kofunika kutsatira malire komanso osadalira mabuleki "abwino". Kuyimilira kutsogolo kwa oyenda pansi kuchokera pa liwiro la 50 km / h mpaka zero, galimoto iyenera kukhala mtunda pafupifupi mita 30. Ngati dalaivala akuphwanya liwiro ndipo amayenda pa liwiro la 80 km / h, ndiye poyankha pamtunda wa 30 mita kuwoloka, galimotoyo idzagunda woyenda pansi. Poterepa, kuthamanga kwa galimoto kumakhala pafupifupi 60 km / h.

Monga mukuwonera, simuyenera kudalira kudalirika kwa galimoto yanu, koma zidzakhala zolondola kutsatira malangizowo, chifukwa amachokera kuzinthu zenizeni.

Zomwe zimatsimikizira kutalika kwaulendo wamagalimoto aliwonse

Mwachidule, tikuwona kuti kutalika kwa mabuleki a galimoto iliyonse kumadalira kuphatikiza pazinthu izi:

• liwiro lagalimoto;
• makina kulemera;
• magwiridwe antchito a mabuleki;
• coefficient kumatira matayala;
• mtundu wa misewu.

Zomwe dalaivala amachita zimakhudzanso mtunda woyimitsa galimotoyo.

Poganizira kuti mwadzidzidzi, ubongo wa dalaivala uyenera kukonza zambiri, kutsatira liwiro lalamulo ndiye lamulo loyamba, kufunikira kwake sikudzatha kukambirana.

Kuyeza kumatengedwa liti komanso motani?

Kuwerengera ma braking kudzafunika galimoto ikayesedwa itachitika ngozi yayikulu (kufufuza zamankhwala), poyesa makina, komanso pambuyo pa kusinthira kwa mabuleki.

Pali ma calculator osiyanasiyana pa intaneti omwe dalaivala amatha kuwona payekha magawo amgalimoto yake. Chitsanzo cha makinawa ndi ndi kugwirizana uku... Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chowerengera ichi panjira. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kukhala ndi intaneti. Pambuyo pake, tikambirana njira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwerengera gawo ili.

Momwe mungakulitsire kukula kwa kuchepa

Choyambirira, kuyenera kwakucheperako kumadalira chidwi cha driver. Ngakhale makina oyimitsa bwino komanso gulu lonse la othandizira pakompyuta sangathe kusintha malamulo a sayansi. Chifukwa chake, palibe chifukwa chilichonse chomwe mungasokonezedwe poyendetsa galimoto poyimba foni (ngakhale ngati pulogalamu yopanda manja ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe madalaivala ena amachita zimachedwetsa), kutumizirana mameseji ndikuwona malo okongola.

Chofunikanso kwambiri ndikuti dalaivala amatha kuyembekezera mwadzidzidzi. Mwachitsanzo, poyandikira mphambano, ngakhale mseu wachiwiri uli moyandikana ndi mseu waukulu, ndipo pali chikwangwani cha "Give way", dalaivala ayenera kuyang'ana kwambiri. Cholinga chake ndikuti pali oyendetsa galimoto omwe amakhulupirira kuti kukula kwa galimoto yawo kumawapangitsa kukhala pamphepete mwa mseu, mosasamala kanthu za zikwangwani. Zikatero, ndibwino kukhala okonzekera kuyimitsidwa mwadzidzidzi m'malo mofunsa pambuyo pake kuti ndi ndani amene angagonjere.

Kutembenuza ndi kuyendetsa pamsewu kuyenera kuchitidwa moyenera, makamaka poganizira malo akhungu. Mulimonsemo, kuchuluka kwa oyendetsa kumakhudza momwe angachitire nthawi, ndipo chifukwa chake, kutsitsa kwa galimoto. Koma chosafunikira ndichikhalidwe chagalimoto, komanso kupezeka kwazowonjezera zomwe zimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito.

Komanso, ngati dalaivala asankha liwiro labwino, izi zitha kufupikitsa mtunda woyimitsa galimotoyo. Izi ndizokhudzana ndi zomwe dalaivala amachita.

Komanso, m'pofunika kuganizira katundu makina, komanso mphamvu ya dongosolo braking. Ndiye kuti, gawo laukadaulo lagalimoto. Mitundu yambiri yamagalimoto amakono imakhala ndi ma amplifiers osiyanasiyana ndi machitidwe owonjezera, omwe amachepetsa kwambiri njira yoyankhira ndi nthawi yoyimitsa kwathunthu galimoto. Njirazi zimaphatikizapo zowonjezera ma brake, dongosolo la ABS, ndi othandizira ma elektroniki kuti ateteze kugundana kwapatsogolo. Komanso kuyika mapiritsi ndi ma disc abwino kumachepetsa kwambiri kutalika kwa mabuleki.

Koma ngakhale "zamagetsi" zamagetsi zamagalimoto kapena zodalirika zogwiritsa ntchito mabuleki, palibe amene adaletsa chidwi cha dalaivala. Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zili pamwambapa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwunika thanzi la njirazo ndikugwira ntchito munthawi yake kukonza.

Kuyimitsa ndi kuyimitsa magalimoto patali: pali kusiyana kotani

Mtunda woyenda mabuleki ndi mtunda womwe galimoto imayenda kuchokera nthawi yomwe dalaivala amasindikiza chinsalu chabuleki. Chiyambi cha njirayi ndi nthawi yomwe ma braking adayambitsidwa, ndipo kumapeto ndikoyimitsa kwathunthu galimotoyo.

Mtengo uwu nthawi zonse umadalira kuthamanga kwagalimoto. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zonse imakhala ma quadratic. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kutalika kwa braking nthawi zonse kumakhala kofanana ndikukula kwa liwiro lagalimoto. Ngati liwiro lagalimoto ndilowirikiza kawiri liwiro, galimotoyi idzaima kotheratu patali kanayi pa avareji.

Mtengo uwu umakhudzanso kulemera kwa galimotoyo, momwe mabraketi amayendera, momwe msewu ulili, komanso kupondaponda kwa matayala.

Koma zomwe zimakhudza kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu kwa makina zimaphatikizapo nthawi yayitali kwambiri kuposa nthawi yoyankhira braking system. Lingaliro linanso lofunikira lomwe limakhudza kutsika kwa galimoto ndi nthawi yoyendetsa dalaivala. Iyi ndi nthawi yomwe dalaivala amakumana ndi vuto lomwe wapeza. Woyendetsa galimoto wamba amatenga pafupifupi sekondi imodzi pakati pakupeza chopinga ndikudina chidule. Kwa ena, izi zimangotenga masekondi 0.5 okha, ndipo kwa ena zimatenga nthawi yayitali, ndipo amayendetsa mabuleki patangopita masekondi awiri.

Njira yochitira nthawi zonse imakhala yofanana molingana ndi kuthamanga kwa galimoto. Nthawi yoti munthu wina achite mwina sangasinthe, koma kutengera kuthamanga kwake, panthawiyi galimoto imakwaniritsa kutalika kwake. Zochulukirapo ziwirizi, mtunda wa mabuleki ndi mtunda woyankhira, zimaphatikizira mtunda woyimitsa makinawo.

Momwe mungawerengere nthawi yonse yoyimitsa komanso mtunda woyimilira?

Ndizosatheka kuwerengera molondola pagalimoto yosadziwika. Nthawi zambiri mtunda wa braking umawerengedwa ndi momwe mtengo uwu udalili pagalimoto inayake pa liwiro lina. Monga tanenera kale, kuwonjezeka kwa mtunda woyimitsa ndi quadratic pakukula kwa liwiro lagalimoto.

Koma palinso ziwerengero zapakati. Zimaganiziridwa kuti galimoto yonyamula yaying'ono yothamanga pa 10 km / h ili ndi braking mtunda wa 0.4 m. Ngati titenga chiwerengerochi ngati maziko, ndiye kuti mwina titha kuwerengera mtunda wama braking wamagalimoto omwe akuyenda liwiro la 20 km / h (mtengo wake ndi 1.6 m) kapena 50 km / h (chizindikirocho ndi mita 10), ndi ndi zina zotero.

Kuti muwerenge mtunda woyimilira molondola, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mungaganizire kuchuluka kwa matayala osagawanika (koyefishienti ya kukangana kwa phula louma ndi 0.8, komanso msewu wachisanu ndi 0.1). Izi zimalowa m'malo mwa njira zotsatirazi. Braking mtunda = lalikulu la liwiro (mu kilomita / ora) logawidwa ndi koyefishienti ya kukangana kowonjezedwa ndi 250. Ngati galimoto ikuyenda pa liwiro la 50 km / h, ndiye malinga ndi fomuyi, mtunda wa braking uli kale 12.5 mamita.

Palinso njira ina yopezera chiwerengero cha momwe woyendetsa amayankhira. Mawerengedwe ali motere. Njira yothetsera mavuto = liwiro lagalimoto logawikana ndi 10, kenako chulukitsani zotsatira zake ngati mutayimitsa galimoto yomweyo ikuyenda liwiro la 3 km / h mu njirayi, njirayo idzakhala mita 50.

Kuyimitsa kwathunthu kwagalimoto (liwiro lomwelo la makilomita 50 pa ola limodzi) kudzachitika mu 12.5 + 15 = 27.5 mita. Koma ngakhale izi sizowerengera zolondola kwambiri.

Chifukwa chake, nthawi yoyimitsa galimoto yonse amawerengedwa motere:

P (kuyimitsa kwathunthu) = (kuchulukitsa kwa coefficient of braking Mwachangu ndi liwiro loyambirira la braking logawidwa ndi kuchulukitsa kwa mphamvu yokoka ndi koyefishienti yolumikizira kwakutali kwa matayala ku phula) + nthawi yoyendetsa dalaivala + nthawi ya kayendedwe kabrake kuyendetsa + kuchulukitsa kwa nthawi yolimbitsa braking ndi 0.5.

Chifukwa chake, monga mukuwonera, zinthu zambiri zimakhudza kutsimikiza kwa kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu kwamagalimoto, omwe atha kukhala osiyana kotheratu kutengera momwe zinthu zilili panjira. Pachifukwa ichi kachiwiri: dalaivala amayenera kuwongolera zonse zomwe zikuchitika panjira.

Momwe mungakulitsire kukula kwa kuchepa

Kuti muchepetse mtunda woyima muzochitika zosiyanasiyana, dalaivala angagwiritse ntchito imodzi mwa njira ziwiri. Kuphatikiza kwa izi kungakhale kwabwino kwambiri:

• Kuwoneratu zamtsogolo. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kuthekera kwa dalaivala kuyembekezera zochitika zoopsa ndikusankha liwiro lotetezeka ndi mtunda wolondola. Mwachitsanzo, panjira yathyathyathya ndi youma, Moskvich imatha kufulumizitsa, koma ngati msewu uli woterera komanso wokhotakhota ndi magalimoto ambiri, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti muchepetse. Galimoto yotereyi idzachepetsa pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi galimoto yamakono yachilendo. M'pofunikanso kulabadira zimene braking njira dalaivala amagwiritsa. Mwachitsanzo, m'galimoto yomwe ilibe zida zilizonse zothandizira, monga ABS, kugwiritsa ntchito brake modzidzimutsa poyimitsa nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kutayika. Pofuna kuteteza galimoto kuti isadutse pamsewu wosakhazikika, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mabuleki a injini mu gear yotsika komanso kupondereza kwapakatikati pa brake pedal.
• Kusintha kwagalimoto. Ngati mwini galimotoyo akonzekeretsa galimoto yake ndi zinthu zogwira mtima kwambiri, zomwe zimatengera braking, ndiye kuti adzatha kuonjezera kuthamanga kwa galimoto yake. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a braking poyika ma brake pads ndi ma disc, komanso matayala abwino. Ngati galimoto imakulolani kuti muyikemo njira zowonjezerapo kapena machitidwe othandizira (anti-lock braking, braking wothandizira), ndiye kuti izi zidzachepetsanso mtunda wa braking.

Kanema pa mutuwo

Kanemayu akuwonetsa momwe mungadulire bwino pakachitika ngozi ngati galimoto ilibe zida za ABS:

Phunziro 8.7. Emergency braking popanda ABS

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kuthamanga paulendo wama braking?

Osati dalaivala aliyense amadziwa kuti kuyimitsa mtunda wa galimoto pa liwiro la 60 Km / h, malingana ndi mikhalidwe braking, akhoza kukhala 20 kapena 160 mamita. Kukhoza kwa galimoto kuti achepetse liwiro lofunika kumadalira pa msewu ndi nyengo, komanso kukhazikika ndi kuwongolera kwa makhalidwe oyendetsa galimoto.

Kuwerengera liwiro la braking lagalimoto muyenera kudziwa: deceleration pazipita, braking mtunda, ananyema kuyankha nthawi, osiyanasiyana kusintha mphamvu braking.

Njira yowerengera liwiro lagalimoto kuchokera kutalika kwa mtunda wa braking: 

V - liwiro mu km/h;
S - mtunda wa braking mu mita;
K_т - galimoto braking coefficient;
K_sc - coefficient of adhesion ya galimoto pamsewu;

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

1. Momwe mungadziwireb kuthamanga pamtunda wama braking? Kuti muchite izi, ganizirani za misewu, kuchuluka ndi galimoto, momwe matayala alili, komanso nthawi yoyendetsa ya driver.

2. Momwe mungadziwire kuthamanga kwagalimoto osayenda patali? Gome loyankhira poyendetsa likufanizira liwiro loyandikira. Ndikofunika kukhala ndi chojambulira makanema ndimakina othamanga.

3. Kodi mtunda woyimilira umaphatikizapo magawo ati? Mtunda woyenda munthawi yomwe mabuleki amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso mtunda woyenda nthawi yayitali kuti boma liziima.

4. Kodi mtunda woyimilira ndi chiani pa liwiro la 40 km / h? Phula lonyowa, kutentha kwa mpweya, kulemera kwamagalimoto, mtundu wamatayala, kupezeka kwa njira zowonjezerapo zomwe zimawonetsetsa kuyimitsidwa kodalirika kwa galimoto - zonsezi zimakhudza zotsatira zoyeserera. Koma phula louma, makampani ambiri omwe amafufuza chimodzimodzi amapereka zofananira. Pa liwiro ili, mtunda wopumira wa galimoto yonyamula uli mkati mwa mita 9. Koma mtunda woyimilira (momwe dalaivala amawonera pomwe dalaivala akuwona chopinga ndikusindikiza pa brake, chomwe chimatenga pafupifupi sekondi imodzi pafupifupi + braking mtunda) chidzakhala mita 7 kutalika.

5. Kodi mtunda woyimilira ndi chiani pa liwiro la 100 km / h? Ngati galimoto ikufulumira mpaka 100 km / h, ndiye kuti mtunda wa braking pa phula louma ungakhale pafupifupi mita 59. Mtunda woyimilira pakadali pano utali wa 19 mita. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira pomwe papezeka chopinga pamsewu chomwe chimafuna kuti galimoto iime, ndipo mpaka galimoto itayima kotheratu, mtunda wopitilira 78 mita umafunika pa liwiro ili.

6. Kodi mtunda woyimilira ndi chiani pa liwiro la 50 km / h? Ngati galimoto ikufulumira mpaka 50 km / h, ndiye kuti mtunda wa braking pa phula louma ungakhale pafupifupi mita 28. Mtunda woyimilira pakadali pano utali wa 10 mita. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira pomwe papezeka chopinga pamsewu chomwe chimafuna kuti galimoto iime, ndipo mpaka galimoto itayima kotheratu, mtunda wopitilira 38 mita umafunika pa liwiro ili.