Chithunzi chakuda. Kufunafuna zosaoneka

Photon ndi chinthu choyambirira chogwirizana ndi kuwala. Komabe, kwa zaka pafupifupi XNUMX, asayansi ena ankakhulupirira kuti pali chinachake chimene amachitcha kuti fotoni yakuda kapena yakuda. Kwa munthu wamba, kaganizidwe koteroko kamaoneka ngati kotsutsana mwa iko kokha. Kwa akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo, izi ndizomveka, chifukwa, m'malingaliro awo, zimatsogolera kuvumbula chinsinsi cha zinthu zamdima.

Kusanthula kwatsopano kwa data kuchokera ku kuyesa kwa accelerator, makamaka zotsatira BaBar detectorndiwonetseni kumene chithunzi chakuda sichibisika, i.e. sichimapatula madera omwe sanapezeke. Kuyesera kwa BaBar, komwe kunachitika kuyambira 1999 mpaka 2008 ku SLAC (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center) ku Menlo Park, California, adasonkhanitsa zambiri kuchokera kugundana kwa ma elekitironi ndi positrons, ma electron antiparticles abwino. Gawo lalikulu la kuyesa, lotchedwa PKP-II, inachitika mogwirizana ndi SLAC, Berkeley Lab, ndi Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Asayansi opitilira 630 ochokera kumayiko khumi ndi atatu adagwirizana pa BaBar pachimake.

Kuwunika kwaposachedwa kunagwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi 10% ya data ya BaBar yomwe idalembedwa zaka ziwiri zapitazi. Kafukufuku wayang'ana kwambiri kupeza tinthu tating'ono tomwe sitinaphatikizidwe mu Standard Model of physics. Chithunzi chotsatira chikuwonetsa malo osakira (obiriwira) omwe adawunikiridwa mu data ya BaBar pomwe palibe zithunzi zakuda zomwe zidapezeka. Grafu ikuwonetsanso malo osakira zoyeserera zina. Bar yofiyira ikuwonetsa malowa kuti awone ngati zithunzi zakuda zimayambitsa zomwe zimatchedwa g-2 zovutandipo minda yoyera inakhalabe yosayesedwa chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ma photon akuda. Tchati imaganiziranso kuyesa NA64yopangidwa ku CERN.

Chithunzi. Maximilian Bris/CERN

Monga photon wamba, photon yakuda imasamutsa mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa tinthu takuda. Zitha kuwonetsanso mgwirizano womwe ungakhale wofooka ndi zinthu wamba, kutanthauza kuti zithunzi zakuda zitha kupangidwa pakawombana ndi mphamvu zambiri. Kufufuza kwam'mbuyomu sikunapeze zotsatira zake, koma ma photon akuda nthawi zambiri amaganiziridwa kuti amawola kukhala ma elekitironi kapena tinthu tina towoneka.

Pa kafukufuku watsopano ku BaBar, chochitika chinaganiziridwa momwe photon yakuda imapangidwa ngati photon wamba mu kugunda kwa electron-positron, ndiyeno imawola kukhala tinthu takuda tosaoneka ndi chowunikira. Pachifukwa ichi, tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono tokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Kotero gululo linayang'ana zochitika zenizeni za mphamvu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi unyinji wa mdima wa photon. Sanapeze kugunda kotere pamagulu a 8 GeV.

Yuri Kolomensky, katswiri wa sayansi ya nyukiliya ku Berkeley Lab komanso membala wa dipatimenti ya Physics ku yunivesite ya California, Berkeley, adanena m'manyuzipepala kuti "signature ya photon yakuda mu detector idzakhala yophweka ngati imodzi yapamwamba- mphamvu photon ndipo palibe ntchito ina." Photon imodzi yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi tinthu tamtengo wapatali ingasonyeze kuti electron inagundana ndi positron ndi kuti photon yamdima yosaonekayo inavunda kukhala tinthu ting'onoting'ono ta zinthu, tosaoneka ndi chojambulira, kudziwonetsera ngati palibe mphamvu ina iliyonse yotsagana nayo.

Photon yakuda imayikidwanso kuti ifotokoze kusiyana pakati pa zomwe zimawonedwa za muon spin ndi mtengo wonenedweratu ndi Standard Model. Cholinga chake ndikuyesa malowa ndi kulondola kodziwika bwino. kuyesa kwa muon g-2ku Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Monga momwe Kolomensky ananenera, kusanthula kwaposachedwa kwa zotsatira za kuyesa kwa BaBar kwakukulukulu "kuletsa kuthekera kofotokozera za g-2 zosagwirizana ndi ma photon amdima, koma zimatanthauzanso kuti chinachake chikuyendetsa g-2 anomaly."

Photon yamdima inayamba kuperekedwa mu 2008 ndi Lottie Ackerman, Matthew R. Buckley, Sean M. Carroll ndi Mark Kamionkowski kuti afotokoze "g-2 anomaly" mu kuyesa kwa E821 ku Brookhaven National Laboratory.

portal yakuda

Kuyesa komwe kwatchulidwa kwa CERN kotchedwa NA64, komwe kunachitika m'zaka zaposachedwa, sikunapezenso zochitika zotsagana ndi zithunzi zakuda. Monga tafotokozera m'nkhani ya "Physical Review Letters", atatha kusanthula deta, akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo ku Geneva sanapeze zithunzi zakuda zokhala ndi misa kuchokera ku 10 GeV mpaka 70 GeV.

Komabe, popereka ndemanga pazotsatira izi, a James Beecham a kuyesa kwa ATLAS adawonetsa chiyembekezo chake kuti kulephera koyamba kungalimbikitse magulu omwe akupikisana a ATLAS ndi CMS kuti aziyang'anabe.

Beecham adayankha mu Physical Review Letters. -

Kuyesera kofanana ndi BaBar ku Japan kumatchedwa Bell IIzomwe zikuyembekezeredwa kupereka zambiri kuchulukitsa kwa data kuposa BaBar.

Malinga ndi malingaliro a asayansi ochokera ku Institute of Basic Sciences ku South Korea, chinsinsi chowopsya cha ubale pakati pa zinthu wamba ndi mdima chikhoza kufotokozedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha portal chotchedwa "axion portal yakuda ». Zimatengera tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono ta axion ndi mdima wakuda. Khomo, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, ndikusintha pakati pa zinthu zakuda ndi sayansi yosadziwika ndi zomwe timadziwa ndikumvetsetsa. Kulumikiza maiko awiriwa ndi chithunzi chamdima chomwe chili mbali inayo, koma akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo amati akhoza kudziwika ndi zida zathu.

Kanema wokhudza kuyesa kwa NA64:

Kusaka chithunzi chodabwitsa chamdima: kuyesa kwa NA64