Mitundu, zida ndi magwiridwe antchito a ma airbags agalimoto
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu za chitetezo kwa dalaivala ndi okwera galimoto ndi airbags (Airbag). Kutsegula pa nthawi ya zimakhudza, amateteza munthu ku kugunda ndi chiwongolero, dashboard, mpando wakutsogolo, mizati mbali ndi mbali zina za thupi ndi mkati. Chiyambireni kulowetsa ma airbag m’magalimoto, apulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu ambiri omwe anachita ngozi. Mbiri ya chilengedwe Ma prototypes oyambirira a airbags amakono adawonekera mu 1941, koma nkhondo inasokoneza mapulani a akatswiri. Akatswiri adabwerera ku chitukuko cha airbag pambuyo pa kutha kwa nkhondo. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, akatswiri awiri omwe ankagwira ntchito m'makontinenti osiyanasiyana mosiyana ndi mzake adagwira nawo ntchito yopanga airbags yoyamba. Chifukwa chake, pa Ogasiti 18, 1953, waku America John ...
Cholinga ndi momwe magwiridwe antchito a lamba tensioner ndi malire
Kumanga lamba ndikofunikira kwa dalaivala aliyense ndi okwera ake. Pofuna kupanga mapangidwe a lamba bwino komanso osavuta, okonzawo apanga zipangizo monga pretensioner ndi limiter. Aliyense amachita ntchito yake, koma cholinga cha ntchito yawo ndi chimodzimodzi - kuonetsetsa chitetezo pazipita kwa munthu aliyense mu chipinda okwera galimoto yosuntha. Belt Pretensioner Lamba wapampando (kapena pretensioner) amapereka kukhazikika kotetezeka kwa thupi la munthu pampando, ndipo pakachitika ngozi, kulepheretsa dalaivala kapena wokwera kupita patsogolo pokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka galimoto. Zotsatirazi zimatheka chifukwa chakumangirira ndi kumangirira mwamphamvu lamba wapampando. Oyendetsa galimoto ambiri amasokoneza pretensioner ndi koyilo yokhazikika yokhazikika, yomwe imaphatikizidwanso pamapangidwe a malamba. Komabe, tensioner ili ndi ndondomeko yakeyake. Chifukwa cha activation ya pretensioner, ...
Kufotokozera ndi zikhalidwe za kuyesedwa kwagalimoto
Chitetezo ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe ogula amasanthula posankha galimoto. Kuti muwone zoopsa zonse ndi kudalirika kwa galimotoyo, zomwe zimatchedwa kuti mayeso a ngozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mayesero amachitidwa ndi onse opanga ndi akatswiri odziimira okha, omwe amalola kuunika mopanda tsankho la khalidwe la galimotoyo. Koma musanagwiritse ntchito chidziwitsocho, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti mayeso owonongeka ndi ati, omwe amawatsogolera, momwe zotsatira zake zimawunikiridwa ndi zina mwazomwe zimachitika. Kodi mayeso a ngozi yagalimoto ndi chiyani ndikupangira ngozi mwadala ndi kugunda kwangozi zosiyanasiyana (zovuta). Njirayi imapangitsa kuti athe kuwunika chitetezo cha kapangidwe ka galimoto, kuzindikira zolakwika zowonekera ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito achitetezo m'njira yochepetsera chiwopsezo cha kuvulala kwa okwera ndi madalaivala pakachitika ngozi. Mitundu yayikulu yoyeserera ngozi (mitundu yazovuta): Kugundana kwamutu - galimoto pa ...
Kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka chitetezo cha chitetezo cha SRS
Galimoto si njira yodziwika bwino yoyendera, komanso gwero la ngozi. Kuchuluka kwa magalimoto m'misewu ya ku Russia ndi padziko lonse lapansi, kuthamanga kwachangu mosalephera kumapangitsa kuti ngozi zichuluke. Choncho, ntchito ya opanga ndi kupanga osati omasuka, komanso galimoto yotetezeka. Dongosolo lachitetezo chokhazikika limathandizira kuthetsa vutoli. Kodi chitetezo chopanda pake chimaphatikizapo chiyani Njira yachitetezo chagalimoto imaphatikizapo zida zonse ndi njira zomwe zimapangidwira kuteteza oyendetsa ndi okwera kuvulala koopsa panthawi ya ngozi. Zigawo zazikulu za dongosololi ndi izi: malamba okhala ndi tensioners ndi limiters; airbags; otetezeka thupi kapangidwe; zoletsa mwana; batire mwadzidzidzi kusagwirizana lophimba; ma headrest yogwira; ndondomeko…
Momwe dongosolo lothandizira kutsika limagwirira ntchito
Opanga magalimoto amakono akuyesera kuti atsimikizire chitetezo cha dalaivala ndi okwera. Pazifukwa izi, machitidwe osiyanasiyana amaperekedwa kuti apewe kuchitika kwadzidzidzi. Mmodzi mwa othandizira madalaivalawa ndi njira yothandizira kutsika kwamapiri, yomwe imatsimikizira kuthamanga kokhazikika popanda kuthamanga kowopsa. Dongosolo la DAC: zomwe dalaivala amafunikira Amakhulupirira kuti chitetezo cha DAC (Downhill Assist Control) potsika phiri chinayambitsidwa ndi mainjiniya amtundu wodziwika bwino wamagalimoto a Toyota. Cholinga chachikulu cha chitukuko chatsopano chinali kupereka galimotoyo kuti ikhale yotsika kwambiri kuchokera kumapiri otsetsereka, kulepheretsa kuchitika kwachangu kosafunika komanso kuwongolera kusungidwa kwa liwiro lotetezeka nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri, chidule cha Chingerezi DAC chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza ntchito yoyenda bwino pamtunda. Komabe, palibe dzina limodzi lovomerezeka ...
Kodi ISOFIX dongosolo lokwezera mipando ya ana ndi chiyani?
Galimoto iliyonse yamakono, ngakhale woimira gulu la bajeti kwambiri, choyamba ayenera kukhala otetezeka. Kuti achite izi, opanga ma automaker amakonzekeretsa mitundu yawo yonse ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zomwe zimapereka chitetezo chokhazikika komanso chokhazikika kwa okwera onse omwe ali mu kanyumba paulendo. Mndandanda wa zigawo zotere umaphatikizapo zikwama za airbags (werengani zambiri za mitundu yawo ndi ntchito apa), machitidwe osiyanasiyana oyendetsa galimoto paulendo, ndi zina zotero. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala ana pakati pa okwera m'galimoto. Lamulo la mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi limakakamiza oyendetsa galimoto kuti azikhala ndi mipando yapadera ya ana yomwe imatsimikizira chitetezo cha makanda. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti lamba wapampando mumtundu wokhazikika adapangidwa kuti akonze munthu wamkulu, ndipo mwana pankhaniyi satetezedwa, ...
Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe azogwiritsa ntchito njira zoletsa ana
Pamene mwana akuwonekera m'banja, galimotoyo imakhala yothandiza kwambiri. Ntchito yaikulu ya makolo ndi kuonetsetsa chitetezo chokwanira cha wokwera pang'ono. Zoletsa zapadera za mwana zidzakuthandizani pa izi, zomwe ziyenera kusankhidwa moyenera malinga ndi msinkhu, kulemera kwake ndi makhalidwe a mwanayo. Kodi DUU A Children Restraint (DUU) ndi zida zambiri zopangidwira kuti mwana ayende bwino m'galimoto. Malingana ndi msinkhu ndi kulemera kwa mwanayo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zoletsa ana ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, kuphatikizapo: onyamula makanda; mipando yamagalimoto; zowonjezera; ma adapter lamba wapampando. Malinga ndi malamulo aku Russia, zida zotere ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula ana kuyambira pomwe adabadwa mpaka zaka 12. Komabe, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a kakulidwe ka mwana, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito DUU ndi ...
Mitundu ndi mfundo zoyendetsera mitu yamagalimoto
Chimodzi mwazoletsa zoletsa mutu wamagalimoto zidayambitsidwa ndi Mercedes-Benz mu 1960. Poyamba iwo anaikidwa pa pempho la wogula. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 60, magalimoto onse a Mercedes adapangidwa ndi zoletsa mutu. Mu 1969, bungwe lachitetezo la NHTSA lidavomereza kufunikira kwa chowonjezera chatsopanocho ndipo lidalimbikitsa kuyika kwake kwa onse opanga magalimoto. Kodi chowongolera chamutu chimagwira ntchito zotani?Kuwonjezera koteroko pampando wamagalimoto ndi gawo lachitetezo chokhazikika, osati gawo losavuta. Zonse zimatengera momwe thupi lathu limakhalira pampando wamagalimoto panthawi yakumbuyo yakumbuyo. Thupi limathamangira mmbuyo, ndipo mutu umaponyedwa kumbuyo ndi mphamvu yaikulu ndi liwiro pang'ono. Izi zimatchedwa "whip effect". Kuletsa mutu kumayimitsa kusuntha kwa mutu panthawi ya chikoka, kuteteza kuphulika kwa khosi ndi kuvulala kwa mutu. Ngakhale si strong...
Malamba ampando wamagalimoto: chitetezo chatsimikizika kwazaka zambiri
Ngakhale kukula kwa chitukuko chamakono chamakono, malamba amakhalabe njira yaikulu yotetezera dalaivala ndi okwera m'galimoto. Pokonza malo a thupi pazochitika zamphamvu, chipangizochi, chotsimikiziridwa kwa zaka zambiri, chimathandiza kupewa kuvulala kwakukulu, komwe nthawi zambiri sikumagwirizana ndi moyo. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mu 70% ya milandu, anthu amatha kupulumuka pangozi zazikulu chifukwa cha malamba. Zowona za mbiri yakale komanso zamakono Akukhulupirira kuti lamba woyamba adapangidwa ndikuvomerezedwa mu 1885 ndi American Edward Claghorn. Poyamba, chipangizochi chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa apaulendo oyenda m'ngolo zotseguka. Pambuyo pake, oyendetsa galimoto nawonso anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito lamba. Komabe, m’makampani opanga magalimoto, malamba amipando anayamba kuoneka pambuyo pake. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, adayesa kuwafotokozera ngati njira yowonjezera, ...
Chipangizo ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito chitetezo cha oyenda pansi
Chaka chilichonse, masauzande masauzande a ngozi za anthu oyenda pansi zimachitika m'misewu ya ku Russia. Ngozi zotere zimachitika chifukwa cha vuto la madalaivala komanso chifukwa cha kusasamala kwa anthu omwe amalowa mumsewu. Pofuna kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha kuvulala kwakukulu pakugundana pakati pa galimoto ndi munthu, opanga magalimoto apanga njira yapadera - hood yogwira ntchito ndi njira yotetezera oyenda pansi. Zomwe zili, tidzakuuzani muzinthu zathu. Ndi dongosolo lotani Njira yotetezera oyenda pansi idakhazikitsidwa koyamba pamagalimoto opanga ku Europe mu 2011. Masiku ano chipangizochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto ambiri a ku Ulaya ndi ku America. Makampani atatu akuluakulu akugwira nawo ntchito yopanga zida: TRW Holdings Automotive (imapanga chinthu chotchedwa Pedestrian Protection System, PPS). Bosch (amapanga dongosolo la Electronic Pedestrian Protection, kapena EPP). Siemens...