Kutulutsa mapulagi - ndi chiyani komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito

Kuthetheka pulagi

Palibe injini yoyaka mkati yomwe ingayambike popanda pulagi yamoto. Pakuwunika kwathu, tikambirana chida cha gawoli, momwe limagwirira ntchito komanso zomwe muyenera kuganizira posankha chida chatsopano.

Kodi mapulagi ndi chiyani?

Kandulo ndi chinthu chaching'ono pamakina oyatsira magalimoto. Imaikidwa pamwamba pa galimoto yamphamvu. Mapeto ake amalowetsedwa mu injini yokha, waya wamagetsi amaikidwa kwina (kapena, pakusintha kwa injini zambiri, koyilo yapadera yoyatsira).

Ngakhale kuti ziwalozi zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kayendetsedwe ka gulu la pisitoni, sitinganene kuti ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mu injini. Injini siyingayambike popanda zinthu zina monga pampu ya gasi, carburetor, koyilo koyatsira, ndi zina zambiri. M'malo mwake, pulagi yamphamvu ndi ulalo wina womwe umathandizira kuti magetsi azigwira ntchito bwino.

Kodi makandulo ali mgalimoto ndi chiyani?

Amapereka mphamvu yotulutsa mafuta m'chipinda choyaka injini. Mbiri pang'ono.

Makina oyaka amkati oyamba anali ndi machubu otseguka. Mu 1902, Robert Bosch adapempha Karl Benz kuti apange makina ake. Gawolo linali ndi kapangidwe kofananira ndipo limagwira chimodzimodzi ndi anzawo amakono. M'mbiri yonse, akhala akusintha pang'ono pazinthu zoyendetsera komanso ma dielectric.

Kuthetheka pulagi chipangizo

Koyamba, zikuwoneka kuti pulagi yothetheka (SZ) ili ndi kapangidwe kophweka, koma kapangidwe kake ndi kovuta kwambiri. Chigawo ichi cha makina oyatsira injini chimakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi.

• Lumikizanani (1). Gawo lapamwamba la SZ, pomwe pamaika waya wamagetsi othamanga kwambiri, ochokera ku kolowera yoyatsira kapena yamunthu aliyense. Nthawi zambiri, chinthuchi chimapangidwa ndikukulira kumapeto, kuti chikonzeke malinga ndi latch. Pali makandulo okhala ndi ulusi kumapeto kwake.
• Insulator yokhala ndi nthiti zakunja (2, 4). Nthitizi za zotetezera zimapanga cholepheretsa pakadali pano, cholepheretsa kuwonongeka kuchokera ku ndodo kupita pamwamba pa gawolo. Amapangidwa ndi aluminium oxide ceramic. Chipangizochi chiyenera kupirira kutentha kwa madigiri 2 (omwe amapangidwa poyaka mafuta) ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a dielectric.
• Mlanduwu (5, 13). Ichi ndi gawo lachitsulo lomwe nthiti zimapangidwira kuti likonzekere ndi wrench. Ulusi umadulidwa kumunsi kwa thupi, komwe kanduloyo imakulungidwa mu pulagi yothetheka bwino yamagalimoto. Zinthu zakuthupi ndizitsulo zosungunuka kwambiri, zomwe pamwamba pake zimapangidwa ndi chrome kuti zisawonongeke.
• Contact bala (3). Chigawo chapakati momwe kutulutsa kwamagetsi kumayendera. Zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo.
• Wotsutsa (6). SZ zamakono zili ndi galasi losindikizira. Imapondereza kusokonekera kwa wailesi komwe kumachitika panthawi yamagetsi. Imatumikiranso ngati chisindikizo cha ndodo yolumikizirana ndi elekitirodi.
• Kusindikiza makina ochapira (7). Gawoli likhoza kukhala ngati kondomu kapena washer wamba. Pachiyambi choyamba, ichi ndi chinthu chimodzi, chachiwiri, gasket yowonjezera imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Kutentha kotentha (8). Amapereka kuzirala kwachangu kwa SZ, kukulitsa kutentha. Kuchuluka kwa ma kaboni omwe amapangidwa pamaelekitirodi ndi kukhazikika kwa kandulo komweko kumadalira pamtunduwu.
• Ma electrode apakati (9). Gawo ili poyamba lidapangidwa ndi chitsulo. Masiku ano, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi bimetallic yokhala ndi gawo loyenda lokhazikika pakapangidwe kazotentha.
• Chotupitsa chotenthetsera (10). Amagwiritsa ntchito kuziziritsa maelekitirodi apakati. Kutalika kwa kondomu kumakhudza kuwunika kwa kandulo (kozizira kapena kotentha).
• Chipinda chogwirira ntchito (11). Danga pakati pa thupi ndi chotetezera chotetezera. Zimathandizira kuyatsa mafuta. M'makandulo a "tochi", chipinda chino chimakulitsidwa.
• Mbali yamagetsi (12). Kutulutsa kumachitika pakati pake ndi pachimake. Izi zikufanana ndi kutulutsa kwa arc yapadziko lapansi. Pali ma SZ okhala ndi ma elekitirodi angapo ammbali.

Chithunzicho chikuwonetsanso mtengo wa h. Uwu ndiye mpata wamoto. Kuthetheka kumachitika mosavuta ndikutalikirana pang'ono pakati pamaelekitirodi. Komabe, pulagi yamoto iyenera kuyatsa chisakanizo cha mpweya / mafuta. Ndipo izi zimafunikira "mafuta" omwe amatulutsa (osachepera millimeter imodzi kutalika), chifukwa chake, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa maelekitirodi.

Zambiri pazachilolezo zimapezeka muvidiyo yotsatirayi:

Makandulo a Iridium - ndi ofunika kapena ayi?

Kuti apulumutse moyo wa batri, opanga ena amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopanga SZ. Zimapangidwa kuti pakatikati ma elekitirodi azikhala ocheperako (mphamvu zochepa zimafunikira kuthana ndi vuto lomwe limakulanso), koma nthawi yomweyo kuti lisazime. Pachifukwa ichi, amagwiritsa ntchito aloyi wazitsulo (monga golide, siliva, iridium, palladium, platinamu). Chitsanzo cha kandulo yotere chikuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi.

Momwe ma spark plugs amagwira ntchito m'galimoto

Injini ikayamba, mphamvu yamagetsi yayikulu imaperekedwa kuchokera ku koyilo yoyatsira (itha kukhala imodzi yamakandulo onse, imodzi pamakandulo awiri, kapena pa SZ iliyonse). Panthawiyi, phokoso limapanga pakati pa ma electrode a spark plug, ndikuyatsa kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya mu silinda.

Ndi katundu wotani

Pakugwira ntchito kwa injini, spark plug iliyonse imakumana ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana, motero amapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kupirira katundu wotere kwa nthawi yayitali.

Katundu wotentha

Gawo logwira ntchito la spark plug (ma electrode ake onse) lili mkati mwa silinda. Pamene valavu yolowetsa (kapena ma valve, malingana ndi mapangidwe a injini) imatsegulidwa, gawo latsopano la kusakaniza kwa mpweya wa mpweya limalowa mu silinda. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwake kungakhale koipa kapena pafupi ndi zero.

Pa injini yotentha, pamene VTS imayatsidwa, kutentha kwa silinda kumatha kukwera kwambiri mpaka madigiri 2-3 zikwi. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwakuthwa komanso koopsa kotentha kotereku, ma electrode a spark plug amatha kupunduka, zomwe pakapita nthawi zimakhudza kusiyana pakati pa ma elekitirodi. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo lachitsulo ndi insulator ya porcelain imakhala ndi coefficient yosiyana yakukulitsa matenthedwe. Kusintha kwadzidzidzi koteroko kungathenso kuwononga insulator.

Katundu wamakina

Kutengera mtundu wa injini, pamene chisakanizo cha mafuta ndi mpweya chiwotchedwa, kuthamanga kwa silinda kungasinthe kwambiri kuchokera kumalo opanda mpweya (kuthamanga koyipa kofanana ndi kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga) mpaka kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa mlengalenga ndi 50 kg / sq. . ndi apamwamba. Kuonjezera apo, pamene galimoto ikuyenda, imapanga kugwedezeka, komwe kumakhudzanso mkhalidwe wa makandulo.

Katundu wa mankhwala

Zinthu zambiri za mankhwala zimachitika pa kutentha kwambiri. Zomwezo zitha kunenedwanso za njira zomwe zimachitika pakuyaka mafuta a kaboni. Pachifukwa ichi, zinthu zambiri zamakina zimatulutsidwa (chifukwa cha izi, chosinthira chothandizira chimagwira ntchito - chimalowa muzochita ndi zinthu izi ndikuzisokoneza). M'kupita kwa nthawi, iwo amachita pa chitsulo mbali ya kandulo, kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mwaye pa izo.

Katundu wamagetsi

Pamene spark imapanga, mphamvu yamagetsi yapamwamba imayikidwa pa electrode yapakati. Kwenikweni, chiwerengero ichi ndi 20-25 volts. M'magawo ena amagetsi, zoyatsira zimapanga kugunda pamwamba pa parameter iyi. Kutulutsa kumatenga mpaka ma milliseconds atatu, koma izi ndizokwanira kuti voliyumu yayikulu chotere ingakhudzire mkhalidwe wa insulator.

Zopotoka kuchokera ku njira yachibadwa kuyaka

Moyo wa Spark plug ukhoza kuchepetsedwa posintha kuyaka kwa mafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya. Izi zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga mafuta osakwanira, kuyatsa koyambirira kapena mochedwa, ndi zina. Nazi zina mwazinthu zomwe zimafupikitsa moyo wa ma spark plugs atsopano.

Zolakwika

Izi zimachitika pamene chisakanizo chowonda chimaperekedwa (pali mpweya wochuluka kuposa mafutawo), pamene mphamvu yosakwanira ikupangidwa (izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa koyilo yoyatsira moto kapena chifukwa cha kusungunula kwabwino kwa mawaya amphamvu kwambiri. - amathyola) kapena pamene phokoso lamoto lichitika. Ngati galimotoyo ili ndi vuto ili, madipoziti amapangidwa pa maelekitirodi ndi insulator.

kuyatsa moto

Pali mitundu iwiri ya kuyatsa kowala: kusanachitike komanso kuchedwa. Poyamba, pisitoni imayaka moto isanafike pakati pakufa (pali kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yoyatsira). Panthawiyi, galimotoyo imakhala yotentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti UOC ichuluke kwambiri.

Izi zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wamafuta osakaniza ukhoza kuyaka mwadzidzidzi ukalowa mu silinda (imayaka chifukwa cha mbali zotentha za gulu la cylinder-piston). Kuyaka kusanachitike, mavavu, ma pistoni, ma cylinder head gaskets ndi mphete za pistoni zitha kuonongeka. Ponena za kuwonongeka kwa kandulo, pamenepa insulator kapena maelekitirodi akhoza kusungunuka.

Kuphulika

Iyi ndi njira yomwe imapezekanso chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu mu silinda ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha octane cha mafuta. Panthawi yophulika, VTS yosakanizidwabe imayamba kuyaka kuchokera kugawo lotentha la mbali ya silinda kutali kwambiri ndi pisitoni yolowera. Izi zimatsagana ndi kuyatsa lakuthwa kwa mpweya wamafuta osakaniza. Mphamvu zotulutsidwa sizimafalikira kuchokera kumutu wa chipikacho, koma kuchokera ku pistoni kupita kumutu pa liwiro loposa liwiro la phokoso.

Chifukwa cha kuphulika, silinda imatentha kwambiri mu gawo limodzi, ma pistoni, ma valve ndi makandulo omwe amawotcha kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kanduloyo ili pansi pa kupanikizika kowonjezereka. Chifukwa cha njirayi, SZ insulator ikhoza kuphulika kapena gawo lina likhoza kusweka. ma elekitirodi okha akhoza kuwotcha kapena kusungunuka.

Kuphulika kwa injini kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kugogoda kwachitsulo. Komanso, utsi wakuda ukhoza kuwoneka kuchokera ku chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya, injini imayamba kuwononga mafuta ambiri, ndipo mphamvu yake idzakhala yochepa kwambiri. Kuti muzindikire panthawi yake zowononga izi, sensor yogogoda imayikidwa mu injini zamakono.

Dizilo

Ngakhale kuti vutoli silinagwirizane ndi ntchito yolakwika ya spark plugs, imakhudzabe iwo, kuwapangitsa kupsinjika maganizo kwambiri. Diesling ndi kudziwotcha kwa petulo pamene injini yazimitsidwa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chokhudzana ndi kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya ndi magawo a injini yotentha.

Izi zimangowoneka m'magawo amphamvu omwe makina amafuta samasiya kugwira ntchito pomwe kuyatsa kwazimitsidwa - mu injini zoyatsira zamkati za carburetor. Pamene dalaivala azimitsa injini, ma pistoni akupitiriza kuyamwa mu mpweya wa mafuta osakaniza chifukwa cha inertia, ndipo pampu yamagetsi yamakina siyimayimitsa kuperekedwa kwa mafuta ku carburetor.

Diesling imapangidwa pa liwiro lotsika kwambiri la injini, lomwe limatsagana ndi ntchito yosakhazikika ya injini. Izi zimayima pamene mbali za gulu la silinda-pistoni sizizizira mokwanira. Nthawi zina, izi zimatha kwa masekondi angapo.

Kandulo mwaye

Mtundu wa mwaye pa makandulo ukhoza kukhala wosiyana kwambiri. Imatha kudziwa zovuta zina ndi injini. Madipoziti olimba a kaboni amawonekera pamwamba pa ma elekitirodi pomwe kutentha kwa chisakanizo choyaka kupitilira madigiri 200.

Ngati pali mwaye wambiri pa kandulo, nthawi zambiri zimasokoneza ntchito ya SZ. Vuto litha kuthetsedwa poyeretsa plug spark. Koma kuyeretsa sikuchotsa zomwe zimayambitsa mapangidwe a mwaye wachilengedwe, chifukwa chake izi ziyenera kuthetsedwa. Makandulo amakono amapangidwa kuti athe kudziyeretsa okha ku mwaye.

Kandulo zothandizira

Moyo wogwira ntchito wa spark plugs sudalira chinthu chimodzi. Nthawi yosintha ya SZ imakhudzidwa ndi:

• Zinthu zomwe ma elekitirodi amapangidwa;
• Zinthu zogwirira ntchito;
• Makhalidwe a injini;
• Nambala ya maola agalimoto.

Ngati mutenga makandulo apamwamba a nickel, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri amasamalira makilomita 15. Ngati galimoto ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mumzindawu, ndiye kuti chiwerengerochi chidzakhala chochepa, chifukwa ngakhale galimotoyo sichiyendetsa galimoto, koma pamene ili mumsewu kapena tofi, galimotoyo ikupitiriza kugwira ntchito. Ma analogue a Multi-electrode amatha pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri.

Mukayika makandulo ndi ma elekitirodi a iridium kapena platinamu, monga momwe opanga zinthuzi amasonyezera, amatha kusuntha mpaka makilomita 90 zikwi. Inde, ntchito yawo imakhudzidwanso ndi luso la injini. Magalimoto ambiri amavomereza kuti asinthe ma spark plugs pamtunda wa makilomita 30 aliwonse (monga gawo la sekondi iliyonse yokonzekera).

Mitundu ya mapulagi

Magawo akulu omwe onse SZ amasiyana:

1. chiwerengero cha maelekitirodi;
2. chapakati elekitirodi zakuthupi;
3. nambala yowala;
4. kukula kwamlandu.

Choyamba, makandulo amatha kukhala ma elekitirodi amodzi (opangidwa mwaluso ndi elekitirodi imodzi "mpaka pansi") ndi ma elekitirodi angapo (pakhoza kukhala zinthu ziwiri, zitatu kapena zinayi zammbali). Njira yachiwiri imakhala ndi chida chotalikirapo, chifukwa kuthetheka kumawoneka pakati pa chimodzi mwazinthuzi pachimake. Ena amawopa kusinthidwa koteroko, poganiza kuti pakadali pano mphanvu idzagawidwa pazinthu zonse motero idzakhala yopyapyala. M'malo mwake, zamakono nthawi zonse zimatsata njira yotsutsa pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, arc idzakhala imodzi ndipo makulidwe ake satengera kuchuluka kwamaelekitirodi. M'malo mwake, kupezeka kwa zinthu zingapo kumakulitsa kudalirika kwa kunyezimira pamene m'modzi mwa omwe alumikizanawo awotcha.

Kachiwiri, monga tawonera kale, makulidwe amkati mwa ma elekitirodi amakhudza mtundu wa mphamvu. Komabe, chitsulo chochepa kwambiri chimatha msanga mukatenthedwa. Kuti athetse vutoli, opanga apanga mapulagi amtundu watsopano wokhala ndi platinamu kapena iridium pachimake. Makulidwe ake ndi pafupifupi 0,5 millimeter. Kuthetheka kwa makandulo koteroko ndi kwamphamvu kwambiri kwakuti ma kaboni omwe amapangidwapo samapangidwa.

Chachitatu, pulagi yothetheka imagwira ntchito bwino pokhapokha pakatenthedwe ma maelekitirodi (mulingo woyenera kutentha umachokera madigiri 400 mpaka 900). Ngati kuli kozizira kwambiri, ma kaboni amapangika pamwamba pake. Kutentha kopitilira muyeso kumabweretsa kusokoneza kwa insulator, ndipo poyipitsitsa, kuyatsa poyatsira (pomwe mafuta osakanikirana ayatsidwa ndi kutentha kwa ma elekitirodi, kenako kuwonekera). Onse woyamba ndi wachiwiri, izi zimakhudza magalimoto onse.

Kukwera kwa nambala yowala, SZ yocheperako izitentha. Zosintha zotere zimatchedwa makandulo "ozizira", ndipo ndi chizindikiritso chotsika - "chowotcha". Mu magalimoto wamba, mitundu yokhala ndi chizindikiritso chapakati imayikidwa. Zipangizo zamakampani nthawi zambiri zimathamanga kwambiri, motero zimakhala ndi mapulagi "otentha" omwe samazizira mwachangu. Ma injini yamagalimoto amasewera nthawi zambiri amathamanga kwambiri, chifukwa chake pali chiopsezo chotenthetsera maelekitirodi. Poterepa, kusinthidwa "kozizira" kumayikidwa.

Chachinayi, ma SZ onse amasiyana kukula kwa nkhope pachinsinsi (16, 19, 22 ndi 24 millimeters), komanso kutalika ndi ulusi wa ulusiwo. Kukula kwake kwa pulagi yamtengo woyenera pa injini inayake kumatha kupezeka m'buku la eni ake.

Magawo akulu a gawoli afotokozedwa muvidiyoyi:

Zomwe muyenera kudziwa za ma plugs

Chodetsa ndi moyo wautumiki

Gawo lirilonse limalembedwa ndi insulator ya ceramic kuti mudziwe ngati ingagwirizane ndi galimoto kapena ayi. Nachi chitsanzo cha njira imodzi:

A - U 17 D V R M 10

Udindo polemba	Chizindikiro tanthauzo	mafotokozedwe
1	Mtundu wa ulusi	A - ulusi М14х1,25 М - ulusi М18х1,5 Т - ulusi М10х1
2	Malo othandizira	K - makina ochapira - - lathyathyathya makina ochapira ndi gasket
3	Ntchito yomanga	М - pulagi yaying'ono-yaying'ono У - hexagon yochepetsedwa
4	Nambala yotentha	2 - "yotentha kwambiri" 31 - "yozizira kwambiri"
5	Yamazinga kutalika (mm)	N - 11 D - 19 - - 12
6	Kutentha kondomu mbali	B - imatuluka kuchokera mthupi - - yotsekedwa mthupi
7	Kupezeka kwa galasi yotsekemera	P - ndi wotsutsa - - wopanda wotsutsa
8	Zofunika Kore	M - mkuwa - - chitsulo
9	Sinthani nambala yotsatana

Wopanga aliyense amakhala ndi nthawi yakeyake yosinthira ma plugs. Mwachitsanzo, pulagi yamtundu umodzi wama elekitirodi iyenera kusinthidwa pomwe ma mileage siopitilira 30 km. Izi zimadaliranso ndi chiwonetsero cha maola a injini (momwe amawerengedwera amafotokozedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo mafuta agalimoto amasintha). Zokwera mtengo kwambiri (platinamu ndi iridium) ziyenera kusinthidwa osachepera 90 km.

Moyo wautumiki wa SZ umatengera mawonekedwe azinthu zomwe amapangidwa, komanso momwe zinthu zikugwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ma kaboni omwe amaikidwa pamaelekitirodi atha kuwonetsa kusokonekera kwa mafuta (kusakaniza kophatikizana kopitilira muyeso), ndipo pachimake choyera kumawonetsa kusagwirizana kwa kuchuluka kwa pulagi yamoto kapena kuyatsa koyambirira.

Kufunika kofufuza ma plugs kumatha kuchitika potsatira izi:

• chithunzicho chikakanikizidwa kwambiri, mota umachedwa ndikachedwa;
• injini zovuta (mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha izi muyenera kuyatsa sitata kwa nthawi yayitali);
• kuchepa kwa mphamvu yamagalimoto;
• kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mafuta;
• kuyatsa injini yoyang'anira pa dashboard;
• zovuta kuyambira injini mu chimfine;
• kukhazikika kosakhazikika (mota "troit").

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti izi sizikutanthauza kungolephera kwa makandulo. Musanapite m'malo mwa ena, muyenera kuyang'ana momwe alili. Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa gawo lomwe lili mu injini lomwe limafunikira chidwi nthawi zonse.

Momwe mungawonere kuti makandulo akugwira ntchito moyenera

Pakagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika gawo lamagetsi, choyamba, ndikofunikira kulabadira zinthu zomwe zikuyenera kusinthidwa. Pali njira zingapo zowonera momwe ma spark plugs akugwirira ntchito.

Kuzimitsa kwina

Oyendetsa galimoto ambiri amasinthana kuchotsa mawaya pa makandulo pa injini yomwe ikuyenda kale. Panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu izi, kutulutsa waya wothamanga kwambiri kumakhudza nthawi yomweyo ntchito ya injini - imayamba kugwedezeka (chifukwa silinda imodzi yasiya kugwira ntchito). Ngati kuchotsedwa kwa waya wina sikunakhudze ntchito ya magetsi, ndiye kuti kandulo iyi siigwira ntchito. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njirayi, coil yoyatsira imatha kuonongeka (kwa ntchito yokhazikika, iyenera kutulutsidwa nthawi zonse, ndipo ikachotsedwa pa kandulo, kukhetsa sikuchitika, kotero kuti koyilo yamunthu imatha kulasidwa).

"Spark" cheke

Iyi ndi njira yocheperako yowopsa ya koyilo yoyatsira, makamaka ngati ili payekha (yophatikizidwa ndi kapangidwe kazoyikapo nyali). Chofunikira cha mayeso otere ndikuti kanduloyo imachotsedwa pa injini yopanda ntchito. Waya wokwera kwambiri amayikidwa pamenepo. Kenako, kandulo iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi chivundikiro cha valve.

Tikuyesera kuyambitsa injini. Ngati kandulo ikugwira ntchito, kuwala kowoneka bwino kumawonekera pakati pa ma electrode. Ngati ndizochepa, ndiye kuti muyenera kusintha waya wothamanga kwambiri (kutayikira kungachitike chifukwa cha kusungunula koyipa).

Onani ndi tester

Kuti muchite izi, mufunika spark piezoelectric probe kapena tester. Mutha kuzigula m'sitolo ya zida zamagalimoto. Galimoto yazimitsidwa. M'malo mwa choyikapo nyali cha waya wothamanga kwambiri, nsonga ya cholumikizira chosinthika cha tester imayikidwa pa kandulo. Kufufuza kodzaza ndi masika kumakanikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi chivundikiro cha ma valve (motor ground).

Kenako, batani loyesa limakanizidwa kangapo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuwala kowonetsera kuyenera kuyatsa, ndipo kandulo yophulika iyenera kuwonekera pa kandulo. Ngati kuwala sikuyatsidwa, ndiye kuti spark plug sikugwira ntchito.

Nanga bwanji ngati ma spark plugs sasinthidwa pa nthawi yake?

Zoonadi, ngati woyendetsa galimoto saganizira za momwe ma spark plugs alili, galimotoyo sidzalandira kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Zotsatira zake zidzabwera pambuyo pake. Chotsatira chofala kwambiri cha izi ndikulephera kwa injini kuyambitsa. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti dongosolo loyatsira lokha limatha kugwira ntchito bwino, batire imayendetsedwa bwino, ndipo makandulo samapereka mphamvu zokwanira (mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha ndalama zambiri), kapena osapanga konse.

Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kusamala ndi zizindikiro zosalunjika zomwe zikuwonetsa mavuto ndi makandulo:

1. Galimotoyo inayamba kugwedezeka (kugwedezeka pakuchita kapena kuyendetsa galimoto);
2. Injini idayamba kuyambika bwino, makandulo amasefukira nthawi zonse;
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kwawonjezeka;
4. Utsi wochuluka kuchokera ku utsi chifukwa cha mafuta osayaka bwino;
5. Galimotoyo idayamba kuchepa mphamvu.

Ngati dalaivala ali wodekha modabwitsa pamaso pa zizindikiro zonsezi, ndipo akupitiriza kuyendetsa galimoto yake mumayendedwe omwewo, posachedwapa zotsatira zoopsa zidzawonekera - mpaka kulephera kwa galimotoyo.

Chimodzi mwazotsatira zosasangalatsa kwambiri ndikuphulika pafupipafupi m'masilinda (pamene kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya sikuwotcha bwino, koma kumaphulika kwambiri) Kunyalanyaza phokoso lodziwika bwino lachitsulo pamene injini ikugwira ntchito kumabweretsa utsi wakuda kuchokera ku chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya, chomwe chimatulutsa utsi wakuda kuchokera ku chitoliro. zikuwonetsa kulephera kwa injini.

Spark plug kuwonongeka

Kulephera kwa ma spark plugs kumawonetsedwa ndi kusayatsidwa kwathunthu kapena pang'ono mu silinda imodzi kapena zingapo. Simungathe kusokoneza izi ndi chilichonse - ngati makandulo amodzi kapena awiri sagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi, injiniyo siidzayamba kapena idzagwira ntchito yosakhazikika kwambiri (idzakhala "kuyetsemula" ndi kugwedeza).

Ma Spark plugs alibe makina kapena zinthu zambiri, chifukwa chake zovuta zake zazikulu ndi ming'alu kapena tchipisi mu insulator kapena kusinthika kwa ma electrode (mpata pakati pawo wasungunuka kapena wasintha). Makandulo azigwira ntchito mosakhazikika ngati mwaye waunjikana.

Momwe mungasamalire makandulo m'nyengo yozizira?

Akatswiri ambiri amalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa makandulo atsopano m'nyengo yozizira, ngakhale akale akugwirabe ntchito bwino. Chifukwa chake ndikuti poyambitsa injini yomwe yayima usiku wonse kuzizira, kutentha kwa spark yofooka sikungakhale kokwanira kuyatsa mafuta ozizira. Choncho, m'pofunika kuti makandulo stably kupanga greasy sparks. Kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, kudzakhala kotheka kukhazikitsa SZ yakale.

Komanso, pakugwira ntchito kwa makinawo m'nyengo yozizira, ma depositi a carbon amatha kupanga makandulo, omwe ndi aakulu kuposa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito makandulo ena mu nyengo zitatu zotsalira. Izi zimachitika paulendo waufupi m'nyengo yozizira. Munjira iyi, injini siyitenthetsa bwino, chifukwa chake makandulo sangathe kudziyeretsa okha mwaye. Kuti izi zitheke, injiniyo iyenera kuyamba kubweretsedwa kutentha kwa ntchito, kenako ndikuyendetsedwa mothamanga kwambiri.

Kodi mungasankhe bwanji mapulagi?

Nthawi zina, yankho la funsoli limadalira kuthekera kwachuma kwa woyendetsa galimotoyo. Chifukwa chake, ngati mawonekedwe oyatsira ndi mafuta akukonzedwa bwino, mapulagi omwe amasinthidwa amangosintha chifukwa choti wopanga amafunikira.

Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi kugula mapulagi omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga injini. Ngati chizindikiro ichi sichinafotokozedwe, ndiye kuti pankhaniyi munthu ayenera kutsogozedwa ndi kukula kwa kandulo ndi gawo la nambala yowala.

Oyendetsa magalimoto ena amakhala ndi makandulo awiri nthawi imodzi (nthawi yachisanu ndi chilimwe). Kuyendetsa maulendo ataliatali komanso malo otsika pamafunika kusintha kosintha "kotentha" (nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika m'nyengo yozizira). Maulendo ataliatali othamanga kwambiri, m'malo mwake, adzafunika kuyika ma analogs ozizira.

Chofunikira posankha SZ ndi wopanga. Makampani oyendetsa ndalama amatenga ndalama zambiri kuposa dzina lokha (monga ena oyendetsa galimoto molakwika amakhulupirira). Makandulo ochokera kwa opanga monga Bosch, Champion, NGK, ndi zina zambiri ali ndi chuma chowonjezeka, amagwiritsa ntchito alloys achitsulo komanso amatetezedwa ku oxidation.

Kukonzekera kwakanthawi kwamafuta ndi zida zamagetsi kumakulitsa kwambiri mapulagi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti injini zoyaka zapakati pazokhazikika.

Kuti mumve zambiri za ntchito ya ma plug plugs ndi kusintha komwe kuli bwino, onani kanema:

Kanema pa mutuwo

Nayi kanema wachidule wa zolakwika zomwe wamba posankha ma spark plugs atsopano:

Zolakwa 5 posankha ma spark plugs

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi kandulo m'galimoto ndi chiyani? Ndi gawo la poyatsira moto lomwe limayambitsa kuyatsa kusakaniza kwa mpweya / mafuta. Ma spark plugs amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mainjini omwe amagwiritsa ntchito petulo kapena gasi.

Kodi kandulo wayikidwa kuti m'galimoto? Imakulungidwa mu spark plug yomwe ili bwino pamutu wa silinda. Chotsatira chake, electrode yake ili mu chipinda choyaka cha silinda.

Kodi mumadziwa bwanji nthawi yoti musinthe ma spark plugs? Kuyamba kovuta kwa injini; mphamvu ya mphamvu yamagetsi yatsika; kuchuluka kwamafuta; "Pensiveness" ndi chosindikizira lakuthwa pa gasi; kusokoneza injini.