Kuwotcherera ndi kukonza mapulasitiki mgalimoto

M'magalimoto ambiri amakono, zida zachitsulo zimasinthidwa ndi pulasitiki. Chifukwa ndi kulemera kochepa kwa galimoto, kutsika kwa mafuta, kuwononga komanso, ndithudi, mtengo wotsika. Pokonza zida zamagalimoto apulasitiki, ndikofunikira kuganizira mbali yachuma yokonza chinthu chimodzi kapena china ndikuchita pulasitiki pambuyo pokonza.

Njira zopangira pulasitiki

Dongosolo la ntchito ndikuzindikiritsa pulasitiki, kuyeretsa, kukonzanso komweko, kusindikiza, utoto wapansi, kujambula.

Kuzindikiritsa pulasitiki

Njira yosavuta yodziwira pulasitiki ndikuitembenuza ndikuyang'ana mkati mwa chizindikiro cha wopanga. Kenako yang'anani chizindikirochi patebulo lophatikizidwa (Tchati Cholozera cha Kukonzanso Pulasitiki) ndipo, ngati pali njira zingapo zokonzetsera, sankhani yomwe ikuyenerani inu. Ngati sizingatheke kuzindikira pulasitiki ndi chizindikiro, ndizovuta kwambiri kudziwa njira yokonzera, izi zimafuna akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito omwe angasankhe njira yoyenera yokonza gawolo.

Tebulo Loyang'anira Mapulasitiki

Pamwamba kuyeretsa musanakonze

Kuti mukwaniritse mphamvu zakukonzanso komanso ntchito yayitali ya gawolo lomwe likukonzedwa, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa pamwamba pazinyalala zosiyanasiyana, makamaka pamalo omwe akukonzekera.

Khwelero ayi. 1: Tsukani mbali zonse ziwiri za gawolo ndi chotsukira ndi madzi ndi kuuma ndi pepala kapena kuphulika kwa mpweya.

Khwelero ayi. 2: Thirani malo okonzedwa ndi choyeretsa chapamwamba (degreaser) ndikupukuta ndi nsalu youma. Nthawi zonse pindani chopukutira ndi gawo latsopano. Nthawi zonse pukutani mbali imodzi. Njirayi imapewa kulowa kwa dothi mu gawo lomwe liyenera kutsukidwa.

Zosankha zokonza pulasitiki

Kukonzanso kwakukulu

Ngati pamwamba pake paphimbidwa, timagwiritsa ntchito mfuti yotentha kuti tikonze malo omwe awonongeka. Mukatenthetsa pulasitiki, ndikofunikira kuti muziwotha. Kutentha kwabwino kumatanthauza kugwira mfuti yotentha mbali imodzi mpaka mbali inayo ili yotentha kotero kuti pamwamba pake sipangakhale m'manja mwanu. Pulasitiki ikatentha bwino, kanikizani gawo lowonongekalo ndi chidutswa cha nkhuni pamalo oyenera ndikuziziritsa ndi kuyeretsa malowo (mutha kuziziritsa ndi mphepo kapena nsalu yonyowa).

Mapulasitiki a thermosetting - polyurethanes (PUR, RIM) - ndi mapulasitiki okhala ndi kukumbukira, chifukwa chake amabwereranso kumalo awo oyambirira atatha kutentha ndi mfuti yamoto kapena mu chidebe cha penti.

Kukonza ma thermosetting plastiki kuchokera m'mapulasitiki a uranium.

Magalimoto urethane kapena PUR ndi zinthu zosagwira kutentha. Pakupanga kwake, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posakaniza sealant ndi chowumitsa - ndiko kuti, 2 zigawo zamadzimadzi pamodzi ndi chigawo chimodzi cholimba chimapangidwa popanda mwayi wobwerera ku chikhalidwe chake choyambirira. Pachifukwa ichi, pulasitiki sangathe kusungunuka. Sizingatheke kusungunula pulasitiki ndi chowotcherera. Njira yodalirika yodziwira ngati bumper ndi polyurethane ndikuyika nsonga yowotcherera kumbuyo kwa bamper. Ngati ndi urethane, pulasitiki imayamba kusungunuka, kuwira, ndi kusuta (chowotcherera chiyenera kukhala chotentha kwambiri kuti izi zitheke). Pambuyo pozimitsa pamwamba, pulasitiki imakhalabe yolimba mpaka kukhudza. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chakuti kutentha kwawononga mapangidwe a mamolekyu a pulasitiki. Thermoset urethanes akhoza kukonzedwa mosavuta ndi chowotcherera opanda mpweya, koma kukonza kudzakhala kochuluka ndi guluu wotentha kusiyana ndi kuwotcherera (kusakaniza ndodo ndi kuthandizira).

Kukonzekera kwa V-grooves m'malo owonongeka

Timawongola ndikumata magawo owonongeka ndi tepi ya aluminium. M'madera akulu, otetezeka ndi ma compression. Muthanso kujowina ziwalozo ndi guluu wanthawi yomweyo (mwachitsanzo mtundu wa 2200). Kumbuyo kwa gawolo kuti likonzedwe, timagaya V-groove pamakina opera osakanikirana. Sitingagwiritse ntchito nsonga yotentha m'malo mwa makina amphero pazinthu izi popeza zinthuzo sizingatheke. Mchere V-groove ndi sandpaper (z = 80) kapena wolimba kwambiri. Tikamapanga mchenga pamwamba, timapeza ma grooves ambiri m'deralo. Komanso mdera la V-groove, chotsani varnish ndi kufewetsa m'mbali mwa V-groove kuti kusintha pakati ndi V-groove kukhale kosalala.

Kuponya ndodo mu V-groove

Kutentha pamakina owotcherera kuyenera kuyikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito yang'anira yolingana ndi ndodo yowonekera (R1). Pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo ya polyurethane 5003R1, takwanitsa kudziwa kuti potuluka mu nsapato zowotcherera, ndodoyo iyenera kutuluka ngati madzi, yopindika popanda thovu. Gwirani nsapato yowotchera pamwamba kuti ikulumikiridwe ndikusindikizira ndodo yotalikirana mu V-poyambira nayo. Sititenthesa kwambiri, koma tsanulirani ndodo yowotchera pamwamba pake. Osasokoneza tsinde ndi bampala. Tisaiwale kuti urethane sungasungunuke. Osawonjezera timitengo tambiri kuposa 50 mm nthawi imodzi. Timachotsa ndodo mu nsapatoyo ndipo ndodo yosungunuka isanazimire, yeretsani nkhope yake ndi nsapato yotentha.

Kukonzekera kwa V-grooves mbali inayo

Chitsulo chakumbuyo chikazirala, bwerezaninso kupanga V-groove, sanding ndi kuwotcherera mbali inayo.

Ufa wonyezimira kuti ukhale wosalala

Pogwiritsa ntchito mapepala olimba, mchenga wotsekemerawo kuti ukhale wosalala. Mgwirizano wa urethane sungakhale mchenga wabwino kwambiri, choncho chovala cha sealant chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba kuti chikonzedwe. Chotsani pang'ono pazowonjezera ndi kumchenga mchenga kuti chisindikizo chikuphimba nkhope yonse mofanana.

Kukonza mapulasitiki powotcherera

Kupatula urethane, mabampu onse ndi mapulasitiki ambiri amagalimoto amapangidwa kuchokera ku thermoplastics. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zimatha kusungunuka zikatenthedwa. Ziwalo za thermoplastic zimapangidwa ndi kusungunula mikanda yapulasitiki ndi kubaya zinthu zamadzimadzi mu nkhungu momwe zimaziziritsa ndi kulimba. Izi zikutanthauza kuti thermoplastics ndi fusible. Ma bumpers ambiri amapangidwa ndi zinthu za TPO. TPO yakhala chinthu chodziwika bwino popanga magawo amkati ndi injini. TPO imatha kuwotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa fusion kapena ndodo yapadera ya Fibreflex fiber yomwe imapangitsa weld kukhala wokhazikika. Chinthu chachitatu chodziwika bwino cha bumper ndi Xenoy, chomwe chimawotchedwa bwino.

Kukonzekera kwa V-grooves m'malo owonongeka

Timawongola ndikumata magawo owonongeka ndi tepi ya aluminium. M'madera akulu, atetezeni ndi ma compression. Tikhozanso kujowina ziwalozo ndi guluu wachiwiri wamtundu wa 2200. Kumbuyo kwa gawo lomwe lakonzedwa, timagaya V-groove pamakina opera a tapered. Pochita izi, titha kugwiritsa ntchito nsonga yotentha m'malo mwa makina amphero, popeza nkhaniyi ndi yosavuta. Chotsani utoto kuzungulira kukonza komwe kumakonzedweratu ndi mchenga wamanja ndikuchotsa chamfer pakati pamtunda ndi V-groove.

Kusakaniza pakati ndi zinthu zoyambira

Timayika kutentha pamakina owotcherera kuti agwirizane ndi ndodo yosankhidwa, yomwe tidatsimikiza pakuzindikiritsa. Nthawi zambiri, ndodo ya weld ndi mapadi iyenera kutuluka yoyera komanso yopanda utoto. Chokhacho chingakhale nayiloni, yomwe imasintha kukhala yofiirira. Ikani nsapato yowotcherera pamunsi ndikuyika pang'onopang'ono ndodo mu V-groove. Timakankha pang'onopang'ono ndodoyo patsogolo pathu kuti tione kumbuyo kwathu koboola kooneka ngati V kodzaza ndi izi. Kutalika kwa 50 mm ndodo yowotcherera munjira imodzi. Timachotsa ndodo mu nsapatoyo, ndipo ndodoyo isanazirala, kankhani mosamala ndi kusakaniza zinthuzo pamodzi. Chida chabwino ndi m'mphepete mwa nsapato, yomwe timasakaniza ma grooves muzinthu zoyambira ndikuziphatikiza. Sungani bwino pang'onopang'ono ndi nsonga yotentha. Siyani nsonga yotentha panthawi yonse yosakanikirana.

Kukonzekera kwa V-groove ndi kuwotcherera kwina

Mbali yakumbuyo itakhazikika kwathunthu, timabwereza njira yokonzekeretsa mawonekedwe a V, akupera ndi kuwotcherera mbali yakutsogolo.

Zitsulo zopera

Pogwiritsa ntchito mapepala olimba, mchenga wotsekemerawo kuti ukhale wosalala. Chotsani pang'ono pazowonjezera ndi kumchenga mchenga kuti chisindikizo chikuphimba nkhope yonse mofanana.

Konzani ndi tepi ya Uni-Weld ndi Fiberflex

Universal Welding Rod ndi chinthu chokonzekera chapadera chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito papulasitiki iliyonse. Si ndodo yowotcherera yeniyeni, ndi mawonekedwe a guluu wotentha. Tikakonza ndodoyi, tidzagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa chowotcherera, m'malo mwa zomatira zake. Ndodo ngati Mzere wa Fiberflex ili ndi mawonekedwe olimba kwambiri. Imalimbikitsidwa ndi carbon ndi fiberglass kuti ikhale ndi mphamvu zowonjezera. Fiberflex ndiyo njira yabwino yothetsera TPO (komanso TEO, PP / EPDM) kukonza i.e. zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa ma bumpers. Fiberflex itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza mitundu yonse ya mapulasitiki. Ikhoza kumamatira ku urethanes komanso xenos. Ngati sitikudziwa kuti ndi pulasitiki yotani yomwe tikuwotchera, timangogwiritsa ntchito Fiberflex. Ubwino wina wa Fiberflex ndi kutheka kwake. Mapangidwe abwino a weld amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito sealant.

Kukonzekera kwa V-grooves m'malo owonongeka

Timatambasula ndikumata magawo owonongeka ndi tepi ya aluminiyumu, timakonza ndi ma compression m'malo akulu.Mutha kulumikizanso mbalizo ndi guluu wachiwiri wa 2200. Kutalika kwa notch yooneka ngati V kuyenera kukhala 25-30 mm. Ndikofunikira kwambiri mchenga pamwamba m'malo mwa V-groove wokhala ndi sandpaper (grit size approx. 60) kuti tipeze malo owonjezera m'mayikowo. Ngati tigwiritsa ntchito makina ozungulira omwe akupera, timachepetsa liwiro laling'ono kuti tipewe kusungunuka kwa zinthu zomwe ma thermoplastics sazindikira. Pogwiritsa ntchito sandpaper (z = 80), chotsani varnish padziko lonse lapansi kuti akonzeke ndikudula pakati pa V-groove ndi pamwamba. Izi zimatithandiza kufalitsa ndikusindikiza tepi ya Fiberflex pamalo okonzanso.

Tepi ya fiberflex isungunuke

Ikani makina owotcherera kutentha kwambiri ndipo sinthanitsani nsapato yowotcherera (yopanda chubu chowongolera). Ndi bwino kupukuta mbali imodzi ya Mzere wa Fiberflex wokhala ndi malo otentha kuti usungunuke pang'ono ndikuthira pomwepo pagawo lapansi. Patulani gawo lolumikizidwa m'mphepete mwa mbale yotentha kuchokera koyilo yonse. Kenako sungunulani mzerewo mu V-groove. Sitikuyesera kusakaniza zinthu zoyambira ndi Fiberflex. Njirayi ndi yofanana ndi njira yotentha ya guluu.

Kukonzekera kwa V-grooves ndi kuwotcherera kwa facade

Fiberflex kumbuyo ikazirala (titha kufulumizitsanso ntchitoyi ndi madzi ozizira), bwerezani njira yolira, yopera ndi kuwotcherera. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito fiberflex yokwera pang'ono pomwe imagaya bwino.

Kukuya

Fiberflex weld ikadzazirala, yambani ndi mchenga (z = 80) ndikuchedwa kuthamanga. Malizitsani kukonza mchenga ndi sandpaper (z = 320). Zoyipa zonse ziyenera kudzazidwa ndi chisindikizo.

Kukonza zakudya zosweka

Ma bumpers ambiri a TEO ali ndi mabulaketi omwe amafunikira kusinthasintha kuti kukhazikitsa kosavuta. Kapangidwe kameneka kakhoza kukonzedwa bwino kwambiri ndi gridi yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi fiberflex. Choyamba, limbitsani pamwamba ndi mchenga wozungulira. Kuchokera kuzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, tidzadula gawo lomwe liri loyenera kulumikiza console ndi maziko kumbali zonse ziwiri. Ndi nsonga yotentha, kanikizani zidutswa izi mu pulasitiki. Mukasungunuka ndi kuziziritsa, sungani pamwamba ndi pepala kuti muchotse zonyezimira. Ikani ndodo ya Fiberflex pamtunda wochiritsidwa. Ndi kukonza uku, mauna amatsimikizira mphamvu ndi kusinthasintha, ndipo ndodo ya fiber ndi zokutira zodzikongoletsera.

Kukonza pulasitiki ndi guluu wanthawi yomweyo

Popeza zomatira zachiwiri zimapanga zolimba, zimakhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito pokonza mapulasitiki monga ABS, polycarbonates, SMC, mapulasitiki olimba. Amayeneranso malo omwe amalowa nawo poyikonza asanawotche.

Kukonzekera mwachangu kwa ming'alu

Choyambirira chophatikizira magawo ndikopopera pang'ono ziwalozo kuti ziziphatikizidwa ndi woyambitsa. Timakhazikitsa ndikulumikiza magawo. Gwiritsani tepi ya aluminiyumu 6481. M'magulu akulu, gwiritsirani ntchito zomata kuti zitsimikizire kuti ziwalozo zimakhalapo panthawi yolumikizana. Ikani pang'ono pokha guluu kuti mudzaze mng'aluwo. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimakwaniritsidwa ndi zomata zochepa zomata palimodzi. Guluu ndi wochepa thupi mokwanira kuti ulowemo. Utsi wowonjezera wowonjezera kuti mumalize ntchitoyo ndi mabowo apakatikati.

Kudzaza ma grooves ndi maenje

Timatseka dzenje pansi ndi tepi ya aluminium. Konzani V-notch kuzungulira gawo lonse la dzenje ndikuisandutsa mchenga ndi madera ozungulira potulutsa fumbi. Spray malowo kuti akonzeke pang'ono ndi activator. Dzazani dzenje ndi putty ndikugwiritsa ntchito madontho pang'ono a guluu. Timasanja ndikudina guluuyo mu sealant ndi chida chakuthwa. Pambuyo pa masekondi 5-10, ikani chingwe chothandizira. Pamwamba pake pamatha mchenga ndikuboola.

Kukonza mapulasitiki okhala ndi magawo awiri a epoxy resin

Mchenga kumbuyo kwa malo okonzedwa ndi sandpaper (z = 50 kapena thicker). Mitsinje yakuya pambuyo pogaya ndi maziko abwino kwambiri olumikizirana mwamphamvu. Kenako mchenga pang'ono pamwamba ndi pepala (z = 80), zomwe zimathandizanso kuti pakhale mgwirizano wabwino. Ngati zinthu za TEO, TPO kapena PP zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomatira zomata zamtundu wa 1060FP. Falitsani mankhwalawa ndi burashi pamtunda wa mchenga ndikuwumitsa. Timayika magalasi a fiberglass kutalika konse kwa gawo lomwe lawonongeka. Ngati gawo la SMC likulungidwa pa mng'alu ndi gawo lina lotsala lopangidwanso ndi SMC, onetsetsani kuti gawo lophatikizanali likudutsa malo owonongeka mbali iliyonse ndi osachepera 0,5mm. Tisankha zomatira zokhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zomwe zimafanana kwambiri ndi gawo lomwe liyenera kumamatidwa:

• Filler 2000 Flex (imvi) yosinthasintha
• Zodzaza zofiira zazing'ono zosinthika mosiyanasiyana za 2010 (zofiira)
• 2020 SMC Hardset Filler (Yakuda) Yakhazikika
• 2021 Wodzaza molimba (wachikaso) molimba

Sakanizani epoxy yokwanira. Ikani chingwe kuti muthimbe tepiyo ndi ulusi ndikulilola kuti liume kwa mphindi 15. Pa SMC, timapanga guluu womata pachilichonse, kenako timakankhira pabedi lokonzedwa. Poterepa, lolani guluu kuti liume kwa mphindi 20. Mchere nkhope ya gawo lowonongeka ndi pepala (z = 50) ndi mchenga V-groove mng'alu. Kutalika komanso kuzama kwa poyambira, kulumikizana kumalimba. Chamfer m'mbali mwa V groove, mchenga pamwamba ndi pepala (z = 80). Sakanizani ndikugwiritsanso ntchito zomata za epoxy ndikuzipanga kuti zizitha kupitirira pamenepo. Lolani kuti liume kwa mphindi 20. Ndipokhapo pomwe tidzayamba kupera. Pogwiritsa ntchito SMC, timayika zidutswa za fiberglass mu V-groove komanso pakati pazomata. Pogwiritsa ntchito chozungulira, timasindikiza bwino nsaluyo mu guluu ndikukankhira thovu losafunikira. Timakonza malo owuma ndi sandpaper (z = 80, kenako z = 180).

Putty ntchito

Mchenga pamwamba kuti ukhale mchenga ndi pepala lolimba. Konzani V-groove yaying'ono pamalo owonongeka. Ziwalo zonse zonyezimira ziyenera kuchotsedwa musanagwiritse ntchito sealant, apo ayi kulumikizana bwino sikungachitike. Ngati zinthuzo ndi polyolefin (PP, PE, TEO kapena TPO pulasitiki wamafuta), timagwiritsa ntchito zomatira zomwe zili ndi mpweya wokwanira. Timasankha epoxy sealant yoyenera yomwe imagwirizana ndi kusinthasintha kwa zinthu zoyambira. Ngati mukusinthasintha, gwiritsani ntchito 2000 Flex Filler 2 kapena 2010 Semi-flexible Adhesive. Ngati ndizovuta, gwiritsani ntchito 2020 SMC Rigid Kit kapena 2021 Rigid Filler. Sakanizani kuchuluka kwa epoxy sealant. Tipanga gawo losanjikiza pang'ono kuposa malo ozungulira. Timayamba mchenga posachedwa kuposa mphindi 20, poumba mchenga timagwiritsa ntchito pepala lokhala ndi tirigu (z = 80, kenako 180).

Chithandizo cham'madzi choyambira musanapake chovala chapamwamba

Ngati nkhaniyo ndi semi-olefin (TEO, TPO kapena PP), ikani zomatira zothandizirana ndi utoto wonse malinga ndi njira yomwe yalembedwera. Pamwamba kuti mukonzeke, perekani utsi wofiira kapena wakuda m'magawo owonda. Mukayanika, mchenga pamwamba ndi sandpaper (z = 320-400).

Ntchito yosintha utoto

Mukamaliza mchenga m'munsi, phulitsani fumbi, gwiritsani ntchito chinthu chomwe chimafafaniza mabala onse padziko kuti akonzeke. Sakanizani mankhwala ndi utoto undiluted. Kenako timasakaniza utoto ndi wocheperako, ndikugwiritsa ntchito pamwamba pamagawo malinga ndi malangizo a wopanga, pewani kupopera mbewu. Kuti tikwaniritse mawonekedwe apulasitiki, timagwiritsa ntchito kutsitsi wakuda wakuda.

Tikakonza mapulasitiki amgalimoto, tiyenera kukumbukira, choyambirira, luso lazotheka kukonza ndikuwunika kukonzanso kochitidwa malinga ndi malingaliro azachuma. Nthawi zina zimakhala zosavuta, zotchipa komanso zotsika mtengo kugula gawo la pulasitiki lomwe linali kale bwino.