Kugogoda injini, chochita ndi momwe mungadziwire choyambitsa?

Pogwira ntchito, injini yamagalimoto imafunikira kulowererapo kwakanthawi monga kukonza, komanso kukonza kosakonzekera. Pamodzi ndi mndandanda waukulu wamavuto, ma injini "ogogoda" adayamba kuwonekera pafupipafupi, ngakhale atakhala opanda nthawi yoti akwaniritse ma mileage oyenera.

Kotero, chifukwa chiyani injini imayamba kugogoda, momwe mungapezere ndi kuthetsa vuto la phokoso lachilendo - werengani.

Kufufuza kwa injini kugogoda

Gawo lofunika kwambiri komanso lovuta kwambiri musanakonze ndikupangitsa kuti adziwe bwino. Injini yoyaka mkati ndi gawo lovuta momwe muli magawo ambiri akusisita, komanso makina omwe ali ndi mayendedwe ozungulira komanso omasulira. Kutengera izi, kuzindikira kwa kugogoda mu injini kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, komabe, mothandizidwa ndi zida zapadera zidzatheka, ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti pafupifupi kupeza gwero la phokoso lakunja.

Kufufuza kwa injini ya mawu kumayenera kuchitika malinga ndi magawo atatu:

1. Mtundu wa phokoso ndi chiyani: episodic, osowa kapena osasintha - kudalira kumachitika pamlingo wa ntchito kapena kuvala kwa makina.
2. Kodi phokoso ndilotani. Iyi ndi mphindi yofunikira komanso yovuta kuzindikira kuti mawu akumveka molondola. Katswiri wodziwa bwino yekha ndi amene amamvetsetsa kuti phokoso lowonda komanso losangalatsa pamakina osiyanasiyana lingatanthauze kusokonekera, komwe kumangokhala kotchinga. Kutengera kapangidwe ka injini yoyaka yamkati, mawonekedwe ena amawu amatha kutanthauza kulephera komweko.
3. Kutanthauzira. Kuti mudziwe komwe kuli, stethoscope imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe idzawongolere mbuyeyo kudera loyandikira mawuwo.

Zifukwa zogogoda injini yoyaka yamkati

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri zomwe injini imayendera - kuchokera kuzinthu zodziwika bwino, monga kusintha kwachangu kwa mafuta, mpaka kupitirira chitsimikizo cha galimoto yamagetsi. Ganizirani zosankha zonse zomwe kugogoda, kulira, phokoso ndi phokoso lina la injini likhoza kuchitika, komanso njira zodziwira.

Nthawi yomweyo, tisanazindikire zomwe zingayambitse, tiyeni titembenukire ku lingaliro la kapangidwe ka ICE. 

Pisitoni motor ili ndi misonkhano yofunika kwambiri ndi tsatanetsatane:

• gulu la silinda-pistoni - ntchito yokhazikika imachitika pano, yotsagana ndi mizere 4 (kudya, kupsinjika, sitiroko ndi utsi);
• makina a crank ndi crankshaft yokhala ndi ndodo zolumikizira ndi flywheel. Makinawa amakankhira pistoni, ndipo kuchokera kwa iwo amalandira mphamvu zamakina, zomwe zimaperekedwa ku flywheel;
• Njira yogawa gasi - imakhala ndi camshaft yokhala ndi nyenyezi ndi giya, komanso makina a valve. Camshaft imalumikizidwa ndi crankshaft pogwiritsa ntchito lamba, unyolo kapena giya, makamera, kudzera pa mkono wa rocker kapena hydraulic compensator, imakanikiza ma valve olowetsa ndi kutulutsa, momwe mafuta ndi mpweya zimalowa ndikutulutsa mpweya.

Zonsezi zakhala zikuyenda mosalekeza, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndizomwe zingayambitse mitundu yonse ya mawu osafunikira. 

Kodi mverani injini kugogoda?

Akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito stethoscope kuti adziwe mtundu wa phokoso lakunja komanso komwe kuli. Kuti mumvetsere nokha, mutha kudzipangira nokha chida, koma nthawi yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito izikhala yofanana ndendende ndi mtengo wodziwitsa anthu zamagalimoto kapena kugula stethoscope ya bajeti. Mwa njira, malo ena ogwiritsira ntchito ali ndi ma stethoscopes amagetsi omwe alipo, omwe akuwonetsa 99.9% ya malo enieni amawu amawu.

Ponena za tonality, mgalimoto yaying'ono ndi "eyiti" yooneka ngati V, kumveka koyamba kwa zovala zazikuluzikulu kumveka bwino, mosiyana ndi kwachiwiri. Nthawi zambiri, mawonekedwe amtundu woyaka wamkati ndi zifukwa zamitundu yonse yosafunikira.

Kugogoda kotulutsidwa mu mota kumatha kukhala kosalekeza, kwapakatikati komanso kwakanthawi kochepa. Monga lamulo, kugogoda kumalumikizidwa ndikusintha kwa crankshaft, ndipo liwiro lomwe limazungulira mwachangu, kugogoda kumakhala kwakukulu.

Phokoso limatha kusintha kutengera kuchuluka kwa katundu pa injini, mwachitsanzo, pa liwiro laulesi, kugogoda pang'ono, komanso poyenda, liwiro la 30 km / h ndikuphatikizira zida za 5, katundu pa injini ndi wamphamvu, motero, kugogoda kumatha kumveka kwambiri. Komanso zimachitika kuti kugogoda mwamphamvu kumamveka pa injini yozizira, ndipo kumazimiririka kukafika kotentha kotentha.

Injini ikugogoda popanda kugwira ntchito

Chodabwitsachi chimachitika pokhapokha, ndipo ma revs akachulukira, mawu akunja amatha. Palibe chifukwa chodandaulira, koma vutoli silingapewe. Pazifukwa:

• china chake chikukhudza pulley ya crankshaft ndi pampu;
• kutetezedwa bwino kwa injini kapena vuto la nthawi;
• pa ma mota okhala ndi lamba wanyengo yamtundu wa gear pali sewero lamagiya;
•  kumasula crankshaft pulley bolt.

Ngati ma pistoni agogoda

Pa ntchito, chilolezo pakati yamphamvu ndi pisitoni pang'onopang'ono kumawonjezera. Mlengi wapeza magawo mwachindunji chilolezo muyezo, choposa zomwe zimabweretsa osati kugogoda komanso mafuta, kuchepa mphamvu ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta.

Ngati pisitoni zala kugogoda

Kugogoda kwa zala za pisitoni kumalira komanso kukuwa. Phokosolo limamveka bwino ndi kusintha kwakanthawi kwa crankshaft kapena kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa "mpweya". Chodabwitsachi chimachitika pomwe kusiyana kukukulira kuposa 0,1 mm. Kwa diagnostics, muyenera unscrew pulagi ndi kutembenukira injini. 

Nthawi zambiri, kuwomba kwa zala kumatsagana ndi kuphulika, komanso kuyendetsa mwachangu ma liwiro apamwamba (monga amakonda kukwera ma injini a dizilo). 

Kugogoda ma crankshaft

Kuvala kwa zingwe kumatsagana ndi phokoso losasinthasintha lomwe silisintha munjira zonse zoyendera zamagetsi zamkati. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthamanga kwamafuta kumatsika, komwe "kwatayika" pakati pa chilolezo pakati pa ulusi ndi magazini ya crankshaft.

Ngati ma mileage sakupatsani zovala m'miyendo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti m'malo mwa mafutawo mukhale ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera, ndiye mverani injiniyo. Izi zimathandiza nthawi zambiri. 

Kugogoda ndodo zolumikizira

Nthaŵi zambiri, kuvala muzitsulo zolumikizira kumayendera limodzi ndi kugogoda kwamphamvu, ndipo kumangothandiza kuthana ndi cholakwika choyambirira cha crankshaft.

Ngati tinyalanyaza kukonza kwakanthawi, ndiye kuti, kusankha njira yolumikizira magazini yolumikizira ndodo, ndipo izi ndi kuwonongeka kwa crankshaft, kuwonongeka kwa mphasa, komanso kulephera kwa cholembera chonse.

Mwa njira, ngati vuto silinali muzitsulo zolumikiza, ndiye kuti ili ndi mafuta osakwanira, omwe amatsagana ndi zinthu ziwiri: mafuta amadzi ndi kuvala kwa magiya amafuta.

Phokoso pamayendedwe amagasi

Chochitika chodziwika bwino ndikumveka kochokera ku nthawi. Kuzindikira kumachitika pamene chivundikiro cha valve chichotsedwa, rocker (rocker arm) kapena zonyamula ma hydraulic zimawunikidwa mosamala, chilolezo cha valve chimayang'aniridwa, ndipo mawonekedwe a makamera a camshaft amawerengedwa.

Gawo loyamba ndikukhazikitsa malo okhala ndi valavu, pambuyo pake mota imayang'anitsidwa ngati ikumveka kwina. Ngati galimotoyo ili ndi operekera ndalama, ndiye kuti amasambitsidwa, kuwunika ngati sangathe kugwira ntchito, ndipo atayika, mafuta amasinthidwa. Ngati "ma gidric" akuyenda bwino, nthawi yake izigwira ntchito moyenera. 

Mwa zina, zifukwa zikhoza kukhala izi:

• kuvala kwa camshaft cam;
• kuchuluka kwa chilolezo pakati pa pusher ndi cam;
• nthawi vavu kumapeto avale;
• kuvala kwa makina ochapira.

Vuto la kugogoda ndi phokoso m'dera la nthawi liyenera kuperekedwa mwamsanga, mwinamwake pali chiopsezo cha pisitoni kugunda valavu, kapena mosemphanitsa - valavu imatsekedwa ndipo psinjika mu madontho a silinda.

Ma mota odziwika bwino "ogogoda"

Imodzi mwa injini zotchuka kwambiri ndi 1.6-lita ya CFNA unit, yomwe imayikidwa pagalimoto zamavuto a VAG. Ndi unyolo wamagalimoto okhala ndi ma valavu 16 komanso njira yosinthira gawo.

Vuto lalikulu ndiloti ma pisitoni "ozizira" amagogoda mpaka kutentha kwa magwiridwewo kufika. Wopanga anazindikira izi monga kapangidwe ka gulu yamphamvu-pisitoni. 

Renault's DCi injini zamagetsi zimakhala zotchuka chifukwa cha makina ake ofooka. Chifukwa cha ichi, kutentha, kutsitsa mafuta komanso kusintha kosakhalitsa kwa mafuta kumabweretsa chifukwa chakuti isanafike 100 km, injini idzalephera.

Injini ofooka mu mzere anali 1,5 lita K9K dizilo. Ena amatcha kuyesera, chifukwa "imavutika" potembenuza nsanamira kale mpaka 150 zikwi.  

Malangizo Okonza Ma Injini

Kukonzanso kwa injini kumaphatikizapo kusinthira kwa mainjini mainjini: ma pistoni okhala ndi mphete, ma liners ndi kukonza mutu wamphamvu kwambiri ndikuthekera kosinthira maupangiri a valavu ndikudula mipando. Malangizo apamwamba:

• nthawi zonse yang'anani zonenepa za silinda kuti zilembeke;
• sankhani ma pistoni ndi mphete zapamwamba kwambiri, chifukwa ndizokwanira makilomita 200;
• kukula kwa zapamadzi kuyenera kusankhidwa mukayesa molondola magazini a crankshaft, zolumikizira ndodo zimayang'aniridwa kuti zikhale zovuta;
• Kusonkhana kwa mota kuyenera kutsagana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito phala la msonkhano kapena mafuta opaka phulusa kuti musapezeke poyambira "kouma";
• gwiritsani mafuta okhawo omwe amakwaniritsa mtunda ndi zofunikira za wopanga magalimoto.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Momwe mungamvetsetse zomwe zikugogoda pa injini? Ma pistoni, ma pistoni, ma valve, zonyamula ma hydraulic, crankshaft kapena mbali za gulu la pisitoni zimatha kugogoda pa injiniyo. Ma pistoni amatha kugogoda pa ozizira. Popanda ntchito, gwedezani chosungira nthawi, pulley ya jenereta kapena mpope.

Kodi ndingayendetse galimoto ngati injini ikugunda? Mulimonsemo, kugogoda kwa injini sikunali kwachibadwa, choncho muyenera kudziwa chifukwa chake. Pankhaniyi, injini iyenera kutenthedwa musanayendetse.

Kodi kugogoda pa injini yozizira ndi chiyani? Chilolezo chachikulu pakati pa pistoni ndi khoma la silinda. Ma pistoni a aluminiyamu amakula kwambiri akatenthedwa, kotero kugogoda mu injini yoyatsira yamkati kumatha kutenthetsa.