Kupanga magalimoto oyendetsa magalimoto

Mbali zazikuluzikulu za injini yamafuta anayi yama sitiroko

• Zida zokhazikika: mutu wamphamvu, cholembera, chopukutira, masilindala, poto wamafuta.

• Zida zosunthira: 1. makina opangira: crankshaft, ndodo yolumikizira, pisitoni, mphete za pisitoni, pini ya pisitoni, mafyuzi a seger. 2 timing limagwirira: camshaft, mafinya, zimayambira za valavu, rocker mikono, mavavu, akasupe obwerera.

Zinayi sitiroko zabwino poyatsira injini ntchito

• Nthawi yoyamba: kuyamwa: pisitoni imayenda kuchokera pamwamba pakufa (DHW) kupita kumunsi pansi (DHW), valavu yolowera m'chipinda choyaka moto ndikusakaniza kwamafuta ndi mpweya.

• Nthawi yachiwiri: kupanikizika: pisitoni imabwerera kuchokera ku DHW kupita ku DHW ndikusakaniza kosakanikirana. The polowera ndi kubwereketsa mavavu ndi chatsekedwa.

• Nthawi yachitatu: kuphulika: kusakanikirana komwe kumayatsidwa kumatulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi kuchokera ku pulagi yamoto, kuphulika kumachitika ndipo nthawi yomweyo, mphamvu yamainjini imapangidwa, pomwe pisitoni imakankhidwa mwamphamvu kuchokera ku DH kupita ku DHW, crankshaft Zimazungulira mokakamizidwa mu silinda.

• Nthawi ya 4: utsi: pisitoni imabwerera kuchokera ku DH kupita ku DH, valavu yotulutsa mpweya ndiyotseguka, zinthu zoyaka moto zimakakamizidwa kulowa mlengalenga kudzera paipi yotulutsa.

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa injini yama stroke ndi ma stroke awiri

• injini ya sitiroko zinayi: mikwingwirima inayi ya pisitoni imapangidwa, maola onse akugwira ntchito pa pisitoni, crankshaft imapanga kusintha kuwiri, imakhala ndi makina a valve, mafuta opaka ndi kukakamiza.

• injini ya sitiroko iwiri: maola awiri akugwira ntchito nthawi imodzi, yoyamba ndi kuyamwa ndi kuponderezana, yachiwiri ndi kuphulika ndi kutulutsa mpweya, maola ogwira ntchito amachitidwa pamwamba ndi pansi pa pisitoni, crankshaft imamaliza kusintha kumodzi, njira yogawa, mafuta osakaniza ndi osakaniza ake, mafuta ndi mpweya.

Kugawa kwa OHV

Camshaft ili mu chipika cha injini. Ma valve (kulowetsa ndi kutuluka) amayendetsedwa ndi zonyamulira, ma valve ndi manja a rocker. Ma valve amatsekedwa ndi akasupe obwerera. The camshaft drive ndi ulalo wa unyolo. Pa mtundu uliwonse wa nthawi ya valve, crankshaft imazungulira nthawi 2 ndipo camshaft imazungulira nthawi imodzi.

Kugawa kwa OHC

Kapangidwe kake, ndikosavuta. Camshaft ili pamutu wamphamvu ndipo ma cams ake amawongolera molunjika mikono yama rocker. Mosiyana ndi kugawa kwa OHV, palibe okwera ndi zimayambira za valavu. Kuyendetsa kumapangidwa kuchokera ku crankshaft pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe cholumikizira kapena lamba wamano.

Kusudzulana 2 OHC

Ili ndi ma camshafts awiri omwe ali pamutu wamphamvu, imodzi mwazomwe zimayang'anira kudya ndi mavavu ena otulutsa. Kuyendetsa ndikofanana ndi kagawidwe ka OHC.

Mitundu ya axle

kutsogolo, kumbuyo, pakati (ngati kuli kotheka), kuyendetsedwa, kuyendetsedwa (kufalitsa mphamvu yama injini), kuyendetsa, kosalamulirika.

Kuyatsa kwa batri

Cholinga: kuyatsa chisakanizo choponderezedwa panthawi yoyenera.

Mbali zazikulu: batire, mphambano bokosi, koyilo induction, wogulitsa, woyendetsa dera, capacitor, zingwe zamagetsi, ma plugs.

Ntchito: mutasintha kiyi mu bokosi lolumikizira ndikudula mphamvu yamagetsi (12 V) pakusinthaku, magetsi awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyimitsa koyilo koyambira. Mphamvu yamagetsi (mpaka 20 V) imapangidwira kumapeto kwachiwiri, komwe kumagawidwa pakati pa mapulagi amtundu uliwonse mwa dongosolo 000-1-3-4 pogwiritsa ntchito dzanja logawanika lomwe limagawika limodzi ndi zingwe zamagetsi. Capacitor imagwira ntchito yoteteza kufooka kwa olumikizana ndi switch ndikusintha mphamvu zochulukirapo.

аккумулятор

Ndi gwero lamagetsi lamagalimoto nthawi zonse m'galimoto yanu.

Zigawo zazikulu: ma CD, ma cell abwino (+) ndi osalimbikitsa (-), mbale zotsogola, ma spacers, malo oswerera batire abwino. Maselo amamizidwa mu electrolyte m'thumba (chisakanizo cha asidi sulfuric ndi madzi osungunuka mpaka kuchuluka kwa 28 mpaka 32 Be).

Kusamalira: kukhathamiritsa ndi madzi osungunuka, ukhondo komanso kulumikizana kwabwino ndi zoyipa.

Kupatsidwa ulemu koyilo

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira (kutembenuza) 12 V pakadali pano kuti ikhale yamagetsi mpaka 20 V. Imakhala ndimakina oyambira, oyambira komanso achiwiri, pachimake pachitsulo ndi potting.

Zosiyanasiyana

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa ma voltages apamwamba kwa ma spark plugs pa nthawi yoyenera kuti injini igwire ntchito pafupipafupi komanso bwino. Wogulitsa amayendetsedwa ndi camshaft. Shaft yogawa imatha ndi makamera omwe amawongolera chowongolera chosunthika (cholumikizana) cha chosinthira, chomwe voteji ya 12 V imasokonekera, ndipo panthawi ya kusokoneza mphamvu yayikulu imapangitsidwa mu coil induction, yomwe imayendetsedwa kudzera pa chingwe kupita. wogawa. Apa magetsi amagawidwa ku makandulo. Gawo la wogawira ndi capacitor, lomwe limateteza kutenthedwa kwa osinthana nawo. Mbali ina ndi vacuum centrifugal regulator. Kutengera ndi mphamvu yoyamwitsa muzobweza zambiri komanso liwiro la injini, amawongolera nthawi yoyatsira pomwe liwiro la injini likuwonjezeka.

Zipangizo zamagetsi m'galimoto

sitata (chida chachikulu kwambiri), nyali zoyatsira, nyali zochenjeza ndi chenjezo, nyanga, zopukutira m'maso, nyale zonyamula, wailesi, ndi zina zambiri.

Sitata

Cholinga: kuyambitsa injini.

Tsatanetsatane: stator, ozungulira, stator kumulowetsa, commutator, mu atomu koyilo, zida, zida foloko.

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito: voliyumu ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pakulowetsa koyilo, pachimake pa magetsi pamagetsi amakopeka mu coil. The pinion imayikidwa mu mphete ya tovehed pogwiritsa ntchito goli la pinion. Izi zimatseka kulumikizana ndi rotor, komwe kumayambira poyambira.

Jenereta

Cholinga: gwero lamagetsi m'galimoto. Pamene injini ikuyenda, imapereka mphamvu kuzida zonse zamagetsi zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo imawayendetsa batire nthawi yomweyo. Yoyendetsedwa kuchokera pa crankshaft pogwiritsa ntchito V-lamba. Zimapanga kusinthasintha kwamakono, komwe kumakonzedwanso pamagetsi osinthika ndi ma diode okonzanso.

Tsatanetsatane: stator ndi kumulowetsa, ozungulira ndi kumulowetsa, diode rectifier, batire, mpweya catcher, zimakupiza.

dynamo

Gwiritsani ntchito ngati chosinthira. Kusiyanitsa ndikuti imapereka mphamvu zonse, ili ndi mphamvu zochepa.

Makandulo amagetsi

Cholinga: kuyatsa chisakanizo choyamwa ndi chopanikizika.

Mbali: ma elekitirodi abwino ndi oyipa, ceramic insulator, ulusi.

Chitsanzo chodziwika: N 14-7 - N ulusi wabwinobwino, 14 ulusi awiri, mapulagi 7 owala.

Mitundu yozizira

Cholinga: kuchotsa kutentha kochuluka kuchokera ku injini ndikuwonetsetsa kutentha kwake.

• madzi: amachotsa kutentha, komwe kumapangidwa chifukwa cha kukangana kwa zigawo za injini ndikuchotsa kutentha panthawi yotentha (kuphulika). Pachifukwa ichi, madzi osungunuka amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira - antifreeze. Amakonzedwa ndikusakaniza madzi osungunuka ndi antifreeze coolant (Fridex, Alycol, Nemrazol). Chiŵerengero cha zigawozi zimadalira malo oundana omwe akufuna (monga -25 ° C).

• mpweya: 1. kusanja, 2. kukakamizidwa: a) malovu, b) kupsinjika.

Zowonongeka: Redieta, mpope wamadzi. jekete yamadzi, imodzi, kutentha kwa kutentha, thermometer, ma payipi ndi mapaipi, kukhetsa dzenje.

Ntchito: mutatha kutembenuza injini, pampu yamadzi (yoyendetsedwa ndi crankshaft kupyolera mu V-belt) imagwira ntchito, yomwe ntchito yake ndi kufalitsa madzi. Izi madzimadzi zimazungulira pamene injini kuzizira kokha osiyana injini chipika ndi yamphamvu mutu. Ikatenthedwa kufika pafupifupi 80°C, chotenthetseracho chimatsegula kutuluka kwa madzi kudzera mu valavu kupita ku chozizirirapo, kumene mpope wamadzi umatulutsa madzi ozizirawo. Izi zimakankhira madzi otentha kuchokera mu silinda ndi kulowa mu radiator. Thermostat idapangidwa kuti izisunga kutentha kosalekeza kwa choziziritsira (80-90°C).

Mafuta

Cholinga: mafuta magawo osuntha ndi mikangano, ozizira, osindikiza, kutsuka litsiro ndi kuteteza magawo osunthira.

• Kupaka mafuta: kuchitidwa ndi mafuta a injini. Chitsulo chamafuta chimakhala ndi mpope wamagetsi womwe umakoka mafuta kudzera mudengu loyamwa ndikukanikizira magawo osuntha (makina opangira nthawi) kudzera munjira zoyatsira mafuta. Kumbuyo kwa pampu ya giya pali valavu yopumula yomwe imateteza zida zokometsera kupsinjika kwambiri mumafuta okhuthala, ozizira. Mafuta amakakamizidwa kudzera mu chotsukira mafuta (sefa) chomwe chimatsekera dothi. Tsatanetsatane wina ndi sensor yamafuta omwe ali ndi alamu pagawo la zida. Mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka mafuta amawabwezera ku poto. Mafuta a injini amataya pang'onopang'ono mafuta ake, choncho ayenera kusinthidwa pambuyo pa kuthamanga kwa 15 mpaka 30 km (yolembedwa ndi wopanga). Kusintha kumachitika mutatha kuyendetsa, injini ikadali yotentha. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, muyenera kusintha chotsukira mafuta.

• Mafuta: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zamagetsi ziwiri. Tiyenera kuwonjezera pa mafuta a petulo omwe amapangidwira injini zamafuta zamagetsi zamagetsi, pamlingo womwe wopanga (monga 1:33, 1:45, 1:50) akuwonetsedwa.

• Kutsekemera kwa utsi: Mafuta amapopera pazinthu zosuntha.

Makina oyendetsa magalimoto

Zambiri: injini, clutch, gearbox, shaft shaft, gearbox, masiyanidwe, ma axles, mawilo. Mphamvu imafalikira kudzera m'magawo omwe atchulidwawo ndipo galimotoyo imayendetsedwa. Ngati injini, zowalamulira, kufalitsa ndi masiyanidwe zimalumikizidwa limodzi, palibe PTO shaft.

Kulumikizana

Cholinga: amagwiritsira ntchito kusamutsa mphamvu yama injini kuchokera ku injini kupita ku bokosi lamagiya ndi kutseka kwakanthawi kochepa, komanso poyambira pang'ono.

Zambiri: ngo zowalamulira, cholembera chomenyera, cholembera chimodzi, kutulutsa kotulutsa, kumasula ziboda, akasupe oponderezana, mbale yothinirana ndi zotchinga, chishango chomenyera. Mbale zowalamulira lili flywheel, amene ali okhwima olumikizidwa kwa crankshaft lapansi. Lambulani ndikuchita zowonjezerazo ndi chowombera.

Kufala kwa matenda

Cholinga: imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi. Posintha magiya, galimoto imatha kuyenda mothamanga mosiyanasiyana pa liwiro la injini nthawi zonse, kugonjetsa malo ovuta poyendetsa, kupita kutsogolo, chammbuyo komanso mwachangu.

Zambiri: bokosi lamagetsi, zoyendetsa, zoyendetsedwa komanso zapakati, magiya, zida zosinthira, mafoloko otsetsereka, chiwongolero chowongolera, kudzazidwa kwamafuta.

Bokosi lamagetsi

Cholinga: kugawa mphamvu yamagalimoto ku mawilo a chitsulo choyendetsa.

Zambiri: gearbox, gear, disc wheel.

Kutumiza mafuta: mafuta opatsira.

Kusiyanitsa

Cholinga: Ankakonda kugawaniza liwiro la mawilo akumanzere ndi kumanja akamayang'ana pakona. Nthawi zonse imangokhala pa chitsulo choyendetsa.

Mitundu: tapered (magalimoto apaulendo), kutsogolo (magalimoto ena)

Mbali: nyumba zosiyanitsira = khola losiyanitsira, satellite ndi zida zama mapulaneti.

Mafuta a injini ya mafuta

Cholinga: kupereka mafuta kwa carburetor.

Tsatanetsatane: thanki, zotsukira mafuta, zakulera zoyendera mafuta mpope, carburetor.

Pampu yamafuta imayendetsedwa ndi camshaft. Kusunthira pampu kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi, mafuta amayamwa kuchokera mu thankiyo, ndikuyikweza, imakankhira mafuta mchipinda choyandama cha carburetor. Thanki mafuta okonzeka ndi zimatengedwa kuti azindikira mlingo wa mafuta mu thanki.

• Kuyendetsa mokakamizidwa (thanki yatsitsidwa, carburetor mmwamba).

• Ndi mphamvu yokoka (tank up, carburetor pansi njinga yamoto).

Carburetor

Cholinga: amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mafuta osakaniza mpweya mu chiyerekezo cha 1:16 (mafuta 1, mpweya 16).

Zigawo: chipinda choyandama, kuyandama, singano yosakanikirana, chipinda chosakanikirana, cholumikizira chachikulu, nozzle yopanda kanthu, bomba la accelerator bomba ****, fulumizitsa valavu, fulumizitsa.

Sytic

Ichi ndi gawo la carburetor. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira chisakanizo poyambitsa injini m'malo ozizira. Fulumizitsa ntchito ndi ndalezo kapena basi ngati ali ndi bimetallic kasupe, amene basi kutsegula pambuyo kuzirala.

Accelerator pump ****

Ichi ndi gawo la carburetor. Bomba lamphamvu **** limalumikizidwa ndi cholembera cha accelerator. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchulukitsa chisakanizocho pakapangidwe ka accelerator kukhumudwa.

Malamulo

Cholinga: suntha galimotoyo m'njira yoyenera.

Mbali: chiwongolero, chiwongolero, chiwongolero, mkono waukulu, chiwongolero, chiwongolero champhamvu, mfundo zamiyendo.

• crest
• chisoti
• chisoti

mabaki

Cholinga: kuchedwetsa ndi kuyimitsa bwino galimoto, kuyiteteza kuti isayende yokha.

Poyang'anira:

• wogwira ntchito (amakhudza mawilo onse)
• Kupaka magalimoto (kokha pamawilo a kumbuyo kumbuyo)
• mwadzidzidzi (kuyimitsa magalimoto kumagwiritsidwa ntchito)
• mtunda (magalimoto okha)

Kulamulira pa mawilo:

• nsagwada (ng'oma)
• litayamba

Hayidiroliki ananyema

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuswa kwautumiki, ndikumenyetsa miyendo iwiri.

Tsatanetsatane: kupopera kwa brake, master cylinder, kuswa madzi osungira, mapaipi, zonenepa zamagudumu, mapiritsi ananyema ndi linings, drum ya brake (yamagudumu am'mbuyo), chimbale chouma (cha mawilo akutsogolo), chishango chanyema.

Mawotchi ananyema

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mabuleki oyimika magalimoto, ogwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja, amangogwira mawilo am'mbuyo kumbuyo, amakhala ngati ananyema mwadzidzidzi.

Zambiri: dzanja ananyema ndalezo, ndodo chitetezo, magalimoto chingwe ndi zingwe zitsulo, ananyema nsapato tensioner.

Oyeretsa mpweya

Cholinga: amagwiritsira ntchito kutsuka mpweya wolowetsa mu carburetor.

• Youma: pepala, kumva.

• Wonyowa: phukusili muli mafuta omwe amatchera dothi, ndipo mpweya woyeretsedwa umalowa mu carburetor. Oyeretsera oyeretsa ayenera kutsukidwa ndikuikidwanso pambuyo pake.

Kusinkhasinkha

Cholinga: imathandizira kulumikizana ndi gudumu msewu nthawi zonse ndikusunthira kusayenda kwa msewu mthupi.

• Coil akasupe.
• Akasupe.
• Zovuta.

Zowonjezera zowopsa

Cholinga: kuchepetsanso mphamvu ya kasupe, kuonetsetsa kuti galimotoyo ili bata pompano.

• Telescopic.
• Wowongolera (wosakwatira kapena kuchita kawiri).

Zimayenda

Cholinga: kupewa kuwonongeka kwa kuyimitsidwa ndi zoyeserera. Zimapangidwa ndi mphira.