Kuyerekeza kwa Battery: Lead Acid, Gel ndi AGM

Pakadali pano pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yamabatire osungira pamsika: lead-acid yokhala ndi madzi amadzimadzi, gel ndi AGM. Onse ali ndi mfundo zofananira, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pachidacho. Kusiyanaku kumawapatsa mawonekedwe apadera, komabe, mtundu uliwonse uli ndi zovuta zake zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha batire.

Kutsogolera-asidi mabatire ndi madzi electrolyte

Mtundu wa batri wotha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kapangidwe kawo sikadasinthe kwenikweni kuyambira pomwe adapangidwa mu 1859.

Chipangizo ndi ndondomeko ya ntchito

Nyumba ya batriyo ili ndi zipinda zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena zitini zokhazokha. Chipinda chilichonse chimakhala ndi mbale zotsogola komanso maelekitirodi amadzimadzi. Mbale yokhala ndi milandu yabwino komanso yoyipa (cathode ndi anode). Ma mbale otsogolera atha kukhala ndi zosavomerezeka za antimony kapena silicon. Electrolyte ndi chisakanizo cha sulfuric acid (35%) ndi madzi osungunuka (65%). Pakati pa mbale zotsogola pali ma porous spacer mbale otchedwa olekanitsa. Ndizofunikira kupewa ma circuits amafupikitsa. Banki iliyonse imapanga pafupifupi 2V pamitundu yonse ya 12V (daisy chain).

Zomwe zilipo mu mabatire a asidi otsogola zimapangidwa ndimphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi pakati pa lead dioxide ndi sulfuric acid. Izi zimawononga asidi sulfuric acid, yomwe imawola. Kuchuluka kwake kwa electrolyte kumachepa. Mukamayitanitsa kuchokera pa charger kapena kuchokera kwa wopanga magalimoto, njira yotsutsana (kuchaji) kumachitika.

Ubwino ndi kuipa

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mabatire a lead-acid kumathandizidwa ndi kapangidwe kake kosavuta komanso kodalirika. Amapereka mafunde oyambira kwambiri oyambira injini (mpaka 500A), amagwira ntchito molimbika mpaka zaka 3-5 ndikugwira bwino ntchito. Batiri imatha kulipitsidwa ndi mafunde owonjezeka. Izi sizingawononge mphamvu ya batri. Ubwino waukulu ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo.

Zoyipa zazikulu zamtunduwu wa batri zimalumikizidwa ndi kukonza ndi kugwira ntchito. Electrolyte ndi madzi. Chifukwa chake, pali ngozi yotuluka. Sulfuric acid ndimadzimadzi owononga kwambiri. Komanso, mpweya umatulutsa panthawi yomwe ikugwira ntchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti batri silingayikidwe mgalimoto, pokhapokha pansi pa hood.

Woyendetsa amayenera kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa batri ndi kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte. Batire ikabwezeredwa, imawira. Madzi amasanduka nthunzi ndipo amafunika kuwonjezeredwa nthawi ndi nthawi m'zipindazo. Madzi osungunuka okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mulingo woyenera sayenera kuloledwa kutsikira pansi pa 50%. Kutulutsa kwathunthu kumatsimikizika kuti kuwononga chipangizocho, chifukwa kusungunuka kwakukulu kwa mbale kumachitika (mapangidwe a lead sulfate).

Ndikofunika kusunga ndi kuyendetsa batire pamalo okhazikika kuti maelekitirodi asatulukemo ndipo mbale sizitsekana. Kufupikiranso kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha mbale zomwe zikuphwanyika.

M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri batri limachotsedwa m'galimoto kuti lisazizire. Izi zitha kuchitika ndi maelekitirodi amadzi. Batri yozizira imagwiranso ntchito moyipa.

Mabatire a gel osakaniza

Mabatire a Gel amagwira ntchito mofananamo ndi mabatire wamba a lead-acid. Ndi ma electrolyte okha mkati omwe mulibe madzi, koma mu gel osakaniza. Izi zidakwaniritsidwa powonjezera silika gel osakaniza pakachitsulo. Silika gel osunga electrolyte mkati. Imasiyanitsa mbale zabwino ndi zoyipa, i.e. amagwira ntchito ngati olekanitsa. Popanga ma mbale, lead yokha yoyeretsa kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda zonyansa zilizonse. Kapangidwe kakang'ono ka mbale ndi gelisi ya silika kumapereka kutsutsana pang'ono, chifukwa chake kuyendetsa mwachangu komanso mafunde obwezeretsa kwambiri (800-1000A pa sitata poyambira).

Kukhalapo kwa gelisi ya silika kumaperekanso mwayi wina waukulu - batire siliwopa kutulutsa kozama.

Njira yosungunulira m'mabatire otere imachedwa pang'onopang'ono. Zotsatira zake zimakhala mkati. Ngati mpweya umapangika kwambiri, mpweya wochuluka umatha kudzera m'magetsi apadera. Izi ndizoyipa pakutha kwa batri, koma osati zofunikira. Simuyenera kuwonjezera chilichonse. Mabatire a gel osamalira alibe.

Ubwino ndi kuipa

Pali zochulukirapo zama mabatire a gel kuposa ma minuses. Chifukwa chakuti ma electrolyte mkatimo ali mdziko la gel, batire limatha kugwira bwino ntchito pamalo pena paliponse. Palibe chomwe chimatayika ngati momwe chingathere ndi madzi amadzimadzi. Ngakhale mlanduwo utawonongeka, mphamvu ya batri sichepetsedwa.

Moyo wa batri wa gel osamalidwa bwino ndi pafupifupi zaka 10-14. Popeza njira yosungunulira sachedwa, mbale sizimaphwanyika, ndipo batri lotere limatha kusungidwa kwa zaka zitatu osabwezeretsanso komanso kutaya mphamvu zambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga 3-15% ya zolipiritsa pachaka.

Batire ya gel imatha kupirira mpaka kutuluka kwathunthu kwa 400. Izi zikukwanilitsidwanso chifukwa cha mkhalidwe wa electrolyte. Mulingo woyendetsa bwino umachira mwachangu.

Kutsika kochepa kumalola mafunde othamanga kuti atumizidwe, kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito ikuyenda bwino.

Zoyipa zake zimaphatikizapo kuzindikira kukhathamiritsa komanso madera afupikitsa. Chifukwa chake, mabatire oterewa akuwonetsa magawo amaloleza amagetsi pobweza. Muyeneranso kulipiritsa ndi magetsi a 10% yama batire. Ngakhale kukwera pang'ono pang'ono kumatha kubweretsa kulephera kwake. Chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito ma charger apadera okhala ndi mabatire otere.

Pozizira kwambiri, gelisi wa silika amathanso kuzirala ndikutayika mchidebecho. Ngakhale mabatire a gel amapirira chisanu kuposa mabatire wamba.

Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu ndiyotchipa kwamabatire a gel poyerekeza ndi zosavuta.

Mabatire a AGM

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mabatire a AGM ndi ofanana ndi mitundu iwiri yapitayi. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndikapangidwe ka olekanitsa ndi boma la electrolyte. Pakati pa mbale zotsogola pali fiberglass, yomwe imayikidwa ndi electrolyte. AGM imayimira Kutenga Galasi Mat kapena Galasi Lophatikizidwa. Kwa mbale, lead yoyera yokha imagwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Fiberglass ndi mbale ndi mbamuikha mwamphamvu pamodzi. Electrolyte imasungidwa ndi porosity ya zinthuzo. Kulimbana kotsika kumapangidwa komwe kumakhudza kuthamanga kwachangu komanso kuthamanga kwaposachedwa.

Mabatire oterewa amatchulidwanso ngati mabatire osasamalira. Kutentha kumachedwa, mbale sizimatha. Electrolyte siyenda ndipo sichimatha. Mpweya wochuluka umathawa kudzera m'magetsi apadera.

Mbali ina ya mabatire a AGM ndi kuthekera kupotoza ma mbale kukhala masikono kapena ozungulira. Chipinda chilichonse chimakhala ngati silinda. Izi zimawonjezera malo olumikizirana ndikuthandizira kugwedera kwakanthawi. Mabatire amtunduwu amatha kuwona kuchokera ku mtundu wodziwika wa OPTIMA.

Ubwino ndi kuipa

Mabatire a AGM amatha kuyendetsedwa ndikusungidwa pamalo aliwonse. Thupi limasindikizidwa. Mukungoyenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa zolipiritsa komanso momwe zinthu ziliri kumapeto. Chipangizocho chimatha kusungidwa kwa zaka zitatu, pomwe chimangotaya 3-15% yokha pachaka chilichonse.

Mabatire otere amapereka mafunde oyambira mpaka 1000A. Izi ndizokwera kangapo kuposa masiku onse.

Kutulutsa kwathunthu sikowopsa. Batire imatha kupirira kutuluka kwa zero zero, mpaka 200 theka kutulutsa ndikutulutsa 500 ku 1000%.

Mabatire a AGM amachita bwino kwambiri kutentha pang'ono. Ngakhale chisanu choopsa, mawonekedwe ake samachepa. Amalekereranso kutentha mpaka 60-70 ° C.

Monga mabatire a gel, ma AGM amakhudzidwa ndikulipiritsa. Kuphulika pang'ono kuwononga batri. Pamwamba pa 15V ndikofunikira kale. Komanso dera lalifupi siliyenera kuloledwa. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito charger yodzipereka.

Mabatire a AGM amawononga kangapo kuposa ochiritsira, okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa ma gel.

anapezazo

Ngakhale ndi maubwino ofunikira, mabatire a gel ndi AGM sakanatha kufinya mabatire a acid-lead. Zotsiriza ndizotsika mtengo ndipo zimagwira bwino ntchito yawo mgalimoto. Ngakhale nyengo yozizira, 350-400A ndiyokwanira kuti oyambitsa ayambe injini.

Pagalimoto, AGM kapena mabatire a gel azikhala ofunikira pokhapokha ngati pali ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi ambiri. Chifukwa chake, apeza ntchito yayikulu ngati zida zosungira magetsi kuchokera pamagetsi azoyendera dzuwa, minda yamphepo, m'nyumba kapena ngati magetsi ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zotengera.