Dongosolo la jakisoni wa injini ya dizilo - jakisoni wachindunji ndi mpope wozungulira VP 30, 37 ndi VP 44

Kukwera mitengo kwamafuta nthawi zonse kwalimbikitsa opanga kuti akalimbikitse kupanga ma injini ya dizilo. Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80, adangoyimba vayolini yachiwiri kuwonjezera pa injini zamafuta. Omwe amayambitsa zoyipa kwambiri anali kuchuluka kwawo, phokoso komanso kugwedera, komwe sikulipidwa ndi mafuta ochepa kwambiri. Zinthu ziyenera kuti zidakwezedwa ndikukhazikika kwalamulo komwe kudzachitike kuti muchepetse mpweya wotulutsa utsi. Monga madera ena, zamagetsi zamphamvu zonse zathandiza injini za dizilo.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80, koma makamaka m'ma 90s, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi (EDC) zidayambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zidakulitsa magwiridwe antchito a injini za dizilo. Ubwino waukulu unapezeka kuti ndi atomization yamafuta yabwino yomwe imatheka chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwambiri, komanso jakisoni wamafuta woyendetsedwa zamagetsi kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri pano komanso zosowa za injini. Ambiri aife tidzakumbukira kuchokera pazomwe zinachitikira zenizeni za "kupita patsogolo" komwe kunayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa injini yotchuka ya 1,9 TDi. Monga wand wamatsenga, mpaka pano bulky 1,9 D / TD yakhala katswiri wothamanga wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa.

Munkhaniyi tikukuwuzani momwe mpope wa rotary umagwirira ntchito. Tifotokozera koyamba momwe mapampu oyendetsera makina oyendetsera makina amagwirira ntchito kenako mapampu olamulidwa ndi magetsi. Chitsanzo ndi pampu ya jakisoni yochokera ku Bosch, yemwe wakhala mpainiya komanso wopanga wamkulu wa makina opangira jekeseni a injini za dizilo m'magalimoto okwera.

Chipangizo chojambulira chomwe chili ndi pampu yozungulira chimapereka mafuta munthawi yomweyo kuzipangizo zonse za injini. Mafutawo amaperekedwa kwa omwe amamuyendetsa ndi pisitoni wogawira. Kutengera kuyenda kwa pisitoni, mapampu oyenda mozungulira amagawika axial (ndi pisitoni imodzi) ndi zozungulira (zokhala ndi ma pistoni awiri kapena anayi).

Makina oyendetsa makina ozungulira okhala ndi axial piston ndi omwe amagawa

Pofotokozera, tigwiritsa ntchito mpope wodziwika wa Bosch VE. Pampu imakhala ndi pampu yodyetsa, mpope wothamanga, chowongolera liwiro ndi jekeseni wosinthira. Mpope wokhala ndi chakudya umapereka mafuta kumalo oyamwa mpope, kuchokera pomwe mafuta amalowa pagulu lothamanga, pomwe amapanikizika mpaka kukakamizidwa kofunikira. Piston yogawira imayenda mozungulira nthawi yomweyo. Kutsetsereka kumachitika chifukwa cha axial cam yolumikizidwa molimba ndi pisitoni. Izi zimalola kuti mafuta azilowetsedwa ndikuperekedwa kumphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi kudzera pamagetsi. Chifukwa cha kuzungulira kwa pisitoni yoyendetsa, zimakwaniritsidwa kuti poyambira pisitoni imazungulira moyang'anizana ndi njira zomwe mzere wamagetsi wamphamvu kwambiri umalumikizidwa ndi mpope wamutu pamwamba pa pisitoni. Mafuta amayamwa mkati poyenda kwa pisitoni kupita pansi, pomwe magawo olowa ndi ma groove mu pisitoni amakhala otseguka.

Makina oyendetsa jekeseni okhala ndi ma pistoni ozungulira

Pampu yozungulira yokhala ndi ma pistoni oyenda imapereka kupsyinjika kwakukulu kwa jakisoni. Pampu yotereyi imakhala ndi ma pistoni awiri kapena anayi, omwe amasuntha mphete zamakamera, zomwe zimakonzedwa pisitoni muzitsulo zawo, kulowera pa jekeseni. Mphete yamakina ili ndi zikwama zambiri monga injini yamphamvu yopatsidwa. Pamene shaft ya pampu imazungulira, ma piston amayenda motsatira njira ya cam cam mothandizidwa ndi ma roller odzigudubuza ndikukankhira ma cam pamalo olimbikira. Makina ozungulira a pump yodyerayo amalumikizidwa ndi shaft yoyendetsa ya pump pump. Pampu yodyetsera idapangidwa kuti ipereke mafuta kuchokera mu thanki kupita pampu wamafuta othinana kwambiri pakapanikizika koyenera kuti igwire bwino ntchito. Mafutawa amaperekedwa kwa ma pistoni ozungulira kudzera pa ozungulira omwe amagawa, omwe amalumikizidwa molimba ndi shaft pump pump. Pa olamulira a ozungulira ozungulira pali dzenje lapakati lomwe limalumikiza malo othamanga kwambiri a ma pistoni ozungulira ndi mabowo oyenda operekera mafuta kuchokera pampopu wamagetsi komanso potulutsa mafuta othamanga kwa ma jakisoni a masilindala ena. Mafuta amatuluka m'ming'alu panthawi yolumikiza magawo ozungulira a rotor ndi njira mu stator ya pampu. Kuchokera pamenepo, mafuta amayenda kudzera pa mzere wothamanga kwambiri kupita kwa ma jekeseni amtundu umodzi wama injini. Kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta obayidwa kumachitika poletsa kutuluka kwa mafuta kuchokera pampopu wamafuta kupita pagawo lalikulu la pampu.

Mapampu Oyendera Makina Ozungulira Amagetsi

Pampu yothamanga kwambiri yoyendetsedwa ndimagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto ku Europe ndi mndandanda wa Bosch VP30, womwe umatulutsa kuthamanga kwambiri ndi mota ya axial piston, ndi VP44, momwe imapanga pampu yabwino yosamuka yokhala ndi ma pistoni awiri kapena atatu. Ndi pampu ya axial ndizotheka kukwaniritsa kuthamanga kwa nozzle mpaka 120 MPa, komanso ndi mpope wa radial mpaka 180 MPa. Pampu imayendetsedwa ndi dongosolo lamagetsi lamagetsi EDC. M'zaka zoyambirira za kupanga, dongosolo lolamulira linagawidwa m'magulu awiri, imodzi yomwe inkayang'aniridwa ndi makina oyendetsa injini, ndipo ina ndi mpope wa jekeseni. Pang'onopang'ono, wowongolera wamba yemwe amakhala molunjika pa mpope adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Centrifugal pump (VP44)

Imodzi mwa mapampu ofala kwambiri amtunduwu ndi VP 44 radial piston pump yochokera ku Bosch. Pampu iyi idayambitsidwa mu 1996 ngati jekeseni wamagetsi wamagalimoto okwera komanso magalimoto ogulitsa ochepa. Wopanga woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi anali Opel, yomwe idayika pampu ya VP44 mu injini yamphamvu ya dizilo inayi ya Vectra 2,0 / 2,2 DTi. Izi zidatsatiridwa ndi Audi yokhala ndi injini ya 2,5 TDi. Mwa mtundu uwu, kuyamba kwa jakisoni ndi kuwongolera kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mafuta kumayendetsedwa bwino pamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito ma valve a solenoid. Monga tanenera kale, dongosolo lonse la jakisoni limayang'aniridwa ndi magawo awiri owongolera, padera pa injini ndi pampu, kapena chimodzi mwazida zonse ziwiri zomwe zili pampopu. Ma unit olamulira amayendetsa zikwangwani kuchokera pama sensa angapo, omwe amawoneka bwino pachithunzipa.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro amalingaliro, mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya pampu ndiyofanana ndi njira yoyendetsedwa ndi makina. Pampu yamafuta othamanga kwambiri yomwe imagawidwa mozungulira imakhala ndi pampu ya vane-chipinda yokhala ndi valavu yowongolera komanso valavu yampweya. Ntchito yake ndikuyamwa mafuta, kupanga kupanikizika mkati mwa accumulator (pafupifupi 2 MPa) ndikuwonjezera pampu yothamanga kwambiri ya pisitoni yomwe imapangitsa kuti pakhale kukakamiza koyenera kwa atomization - jekeseni wamafuta mu masilindala (mpaka pafupifupi 160 MPa) . ). Camshaft imazungulira limodzi ndi pampu yothamanga kwambiri ndipo imapereka mafuta kuzipangizo zilizonse za jakisoni. Valavu yothamanga ya solenoid imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mafuta obayidwa, omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi ma siginolo okhala ndi ma pulse frequency frequency kudzera pa el. chipangizocho chili pampu. Kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa valavu kumatsimikizira nthawi yomwe mafuta amaperekedwa ndi mpope wothamanga. Kutengera ndi ma siginolo ochokera kumbuyo kwa sensa (mawonekedwe a silinda), mawonekedwe oyenda pang'onopang'ono a shaft drive ndi cam ring panthawi yobwezeretsa atsimikizika, liwiro la kupopera kwa jekeseni wa jekeseni (poyerekeza ndi zizindikilo zochokera pa crankshaft sensa) ndi malo osinthira jekeseni mu mpope amawerengedwa. Valavu ya solenoid imasinthanso malo a jekeseni wosinthira, womwe umazungulira mphete yamakina moyenerera. Zotsatira zake, ma shafts omwe amayendetsa ma pistoni posachedwa amakumana ndi mphete ya cam, zomwe zimabweretsa kufulumizitsa kapena kuchedwa koyambirira kwa kukakamiza. Valve yosinthira jekeseni imatha kutsegulidwa ndikutseka mosalekeza ndi gawo loyang'anira. Chojambulira cha ngodya chili pamphete yomwe imazungulira molingana ndi mphete yamakina othamanga kwambiri. Jenereta ya kugunda ili pampope woyendetsa shaft. Malo osokonekera amafanana ndi kuchuluka kwa zonenepa mu injini. Camshaft ikazungulira, ma roller osunthira amayenda pamwamba pa cam cam. Pisitoni imakankhidwira mkatikati ndikukakamiza mafuta kuti athe kuthamanga. Kupanikizika kwa mafuta mutapanikizika kwambiri kumayambira kutsegulidwa kwa valavu ya solenoid ndi chizindikiro chochokera pagawo loyang'anira. Shaft yogawira imasunthira pamalo kutsogolo kwa malo ampweya wamafuta kupita ku silinda yofananira. Mafutawo amaponyedwa kudzera pa valavu yampweya wopita ku injector, yomwe imalowetsa mu silinda. Jakisoni ikutha ndi kutseka kwa valavu solenoid. Valavu imatseka pafupifupi atagonjetsa malo okufa apansi a ma pistoni oyandikana ndi pampu, kuyamba kwa kukakamizidwa kumayang'aniridwa ndi kamera yolumikizana (yoyendetsedwa ndi jekeseni). Jekeseni wamafuta imakhudzidwa ndi kuthamanga, katundu, kutentha kwa injini komanso kuthamanga kwapakati. Chowongolera chimayang'ananso zidziwitso kuchokera pa crankshaft position sensor ndi poyendetsa shaft pampu. Chipangizocho chimagwiritsa ntchito chojambulira kuti chidziwe malo olowera pampu ndi jekeseni.

1. - Vane extrusion pump yokhala ndi valve control valve.

2. - sensa yozungulira yozungulira

3. - chinthu chowongolera pampu

4. - mpope wothamanga kwambiri ndi camshaft ndi valve yokhetsa.

5. - jekeseni kusintha ndi kusintha valavu

6. - valavu yapamwamba ya solenoid

Ofananira mpope (VP30)

Njira yofananira yamagetsi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pampu ya pisitoni yoyenda, monga pampu ya Bosch VP 30-37, yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pagalimoto zonyamula anthu kuyambira 1989. Mu VE axial flow pump pampu yoyendetsedwa ndi kazembe wa eccentric. kuyenda koyenera ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta kumatsimikizira malo a lever gear. Zachidziwikire, makonda olondola amakwaniritsidwa pakompyuta. Ma electromagnetic regulator mu pump pump ndi makina owongolera ndi machitidwe ake owonjezera. Gawo loyang'anira limatsimikizira momwe gawo lamagetsi limagwirira ntchito mu pompo la jekeseni, poganizira zizindikilo zochokera pama sensa osiyanasiyana omwe amayang'anira momwe injini imagwirira ntchito.

Pomaliza, zitsanzo zingapo za mapampu omwe atchulidwa mgalimoto zina.

Makina oyendetsa mafuta ndi axial piston mota VP30 amagwiritsa ntchito mwachitsanzo Ford Focus 1,8 TDDi 66 kW

VP37 imagwiritsa ntchito injini ya 1,9 SDi ndi TDi (66 kW).

Makina oyendetsa jekeseni okhala ndi ma pistoni ozungulira VP44 ntchito magalimoto:

Opel 2,0 DTI 16V, 2,2 DTI 16V

Zolemba za Audi A4 / A6 2,5 TDi

BMW 320d (100 kW)

Mapangidwe ofanana ndi mpope wa jakisoni wozungulira wokhala ndi ma pistoni a Nippon-Denso mu Mazde DiTD (74 kW).