dongosolo lamabuleki. Kodi kusamalira izo?
Dongosolo la braking mosakayikira ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pagalimoto, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji ubwino ndi chitetezo chagalimoto.
M'nkhani ya lero, tidzayesa kupereka mavuto mmene, malfunctions ndi mfundo zofunika ntchito yolondola ananyema dongosolo. Makamaka, tikambirana za ma brake pads ndi ma disc.
Choyamba, chiphunzitso pang'ono - braking mphamvu chofunika ananyema galimoto. Kwa mapangidwe ake, ndikofunikira kupanga torque ya braking pa gudumu. Braking torque ndi gawo la mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi lever yomwe imagwira ntchito. Ma hydraulic braking system ndi omwe ali ndi udindo wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu posamutsira ku ma diski kudzera pama brake pads. Chimbale ndi lever, kotero kukula kwa disc m'mimba mwake, kumapangitsanso kuti torque ya braking ipangidwe.
Ma braking process palokha amasintha mphamvu ya kinetic yagalimoto yoyenda kukhala mphamvu yotentha yomwe imapangidwa ndi kugunda kwa ma brake pads pa ma disc. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zotentha ndizofunika kwambiri. M'galimoto ya anthu wamba, mutha kutenthetsa mosavuta makina osindikizira mpaka madigiri 350 Celsius! Pachifukwa ichi, ma disks nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chotuwa. Nkhaniyi imadziwika ndi zabwino kwambiri matenthedwe madutsidwe ndi mosavuta kupanga castings zovuta. Kukula kwa dimba la disc, kutentha kwambiri kumatha kuyamwa komanso kumagwira bwino ntchito kwa braking. Komabe, kuwonjezeka kwa m'mimba mwake kwa disk kumayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa misa yake, ndipo izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "Unssprung mass", ndiko kuti, zomwe sizikuphimbidwa ndi kuyimitsidwa. Chitonthozo cha kusuntha ndi kukhazikika kwa zinthu zowonongeka kwa masika zimatengera izi.
Onaninso: brake fluid. Zotsatira zowopsa za mayeso
Choncho, opanga akuyesera kuti apeze mgwirizano pakati pa mphamvu yomwe pisitoni imagwiritsa ntchito pa brake pad, ndi kukula kwa brake pad ndi disc. Kuonjezera apo, opanga akuyesera m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti athetse kutentha komwe kumachuluka pa kuyimba. Kukangana pamwamba kumabowoleredwa (kupyolera) kapena nthiti pakati pa malo ogwirira ntchito a disks (omwe amatchedwa ma disks). Zonse m'dzina la kutentha kwachangu kwambiri.
Pankhani ya ma disks opangidwa kuti azisewera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, opanga nthawi zambiri amabowola kapena kudula malo ogwirira ntchito mpaka kuzama kodziwikiratu kuti athandizire kuchotsedwa kwa mpweya wopangidwa ndi kukangana kwa zigawo zadongosolo. Zolembazo zimatsukanso dothi lomwe limadziunjikira pamapadi ndikuchepetsa ma tangential pamwamba pa mapepalawo kuti padyo nthawi zonse ikhale yoyera komanso imamatira bwino ku diski. Choyipa cha yankho ili ndikuvala mwachangu kwa ma brake pads.
Pankhani ya ma brake pads, timasiyanitsa mitundu inayi ikuluikulu kutengera zinthu zomwe gawo lawo lakukangana limapangidwira:
semi-zitsulo - yotsika mtengo, mokweza kwambiri. Amasamutsa kutentha bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti braking igwire bwino. Chovalacho chimapangidwa ndi ubweya wachitsulo, waya, mkuwa, graphite, etc.
asibesitosi (LLW) - galasi, mphira, mpweya womangidwa ndi utomoni. Amakhala chete koma osalimba kuposa anzawo a semi-metal. Ma disc ndi fumbi kwambiri.
zitsulo zotsika (LLW) - zitsulo zokhala ndi zitsulo zosakanikirana ndi zitsulo (mkuwa kapena chitsulo). Zimagwira ntchito bwino koma mokweza.
ceramic - ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu yomwe ili pamwambayi ya midadada. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wa ceramic, fillers ndi binders. Nthawi zina, amathanso kukhala ndi zitsulo zazing'ono. Amakhala opanda phokoso komanso oyeretsa ndipo ali ndi phindu lowonjezera losawononga ma brake disc.
Ndi mavuto ati omwe tingakumane nawo tikamayendetsa mabuleki?
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mphamvu zotentha zomwe tazitchulazi. Ngati titenthetsa ma disks mpaka madigiri 300-350 Celsius (kuthamanga pang'ono kuchokera ku 60 km / h mpaka kuyimitsa kwathunthu ndikokwanira), ndiyeno nkuyendetsa m'madzi akuya, ndi mwayi waukulu, tidzawona kugunda kwa brake pedal. ndi mabuleki aliwonse wotsatira. Kutsanulira ma disks ndi madzi kumapangitsa kuti azizizira mofulumira mosagwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azipinda. Chimbale chosweka chimakanikizira pa brake pad, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mayendedwe osasangalatsa pama brake pedal ndi kugwedezeka kwa chiwongolero. Pakhoza kukhalanso "kukankha" kwa galimoto pamene ikuyendetsa.
Chifukwa chake pewani kuyendetsa m'madabwi akuya - ma brake discs athu ndi zida zina ndizotsimikizika kuti adzilipira okha mukamagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali.
Titha kuyesa kupulumutsa chimbale cha brake chopindika pochigudubuza. Mtengo wautumiki woterewu ndi pafupifupi PLN 150 pa axle. Njira yotereyi ndiyomveka ngati ma diski atsopano amapindika. Pambuyo pakugubuduza, chimbalecho chiyenera kukhala ndi makulidwe ochepera ogwirira ntchito omwe adanenedwa ndi wopanga. Apo ayi, muyenera kugula macheka atsopano pa ekisi iliyonse.
Onaninso: Kuyesa Mazda 6
N'chifukwa chiyani makulidwe ocheperako ogwirira ntchito ayenera kutsatiridwa?
Disiki yowonda kwambiri, yovunda ilibenso kutentha kokwanira. Dongosolo limatenthedwa mwachangu ndipo pakagwa braking mwadzidzidzi, mutha kutaya mphamvu ya braking mwadzidzidzi.
Disiki yowonda kwambiri imakondanso kusweka.
Kuphulika kwa ma radial disc kumabweretsa kung'ung'udza komwe kumawonjezeka pafupipafupi pamene liwiro lozungulira likuwonjezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, pakakhazikika mabuleki, kugunda kwa brake pedal kumatha kuchitika.
Diski yowonongeka ingayambitsenso kuphulika kozungulira. Mtundu woterewu ndi woopsa kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, malo ogwirira ntchito a diski amatha kugwa kuchokera pa gudumu!
Vuto lina lomwe lingakhudze ma brake discs ndi kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba. Izi sizachilendo, makamaka ngati mpweya uli wonyowa kwambiri kapena tikuyenda m'misewu yowazidwa ndi mchere wamsewu. Dongosolo la dzimbirilo limatuluka pambuyo pa braking yoyamba ija, koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mpaka dzimbiri litayamba, mabuleki athu sagwira ntchito mowonekera bwino. Zimbiri pa zimbale akhoza anazindikira ndi khalidwe phokoso galimoto imapanga pamene braking kwa nthawi yoyamba pambuyo kuyima yaitali. Phokoso lodziwika bwino, lokwera kwambiri likuwonetsa kuti mapepala akuchotsa dzimbiri pama diski.
Vuto lina ndi dongosolo la brake ndi squeak yosasangalatsa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimasonyeza kuvala mopitirira muyeso wa zinthu zokangana za dongosolo. Zigawo zachitsulo za brake pad zimayamba kugwedeza pa diski, kugwedeza, kuchititsa phokoso lamphamvu, lonyansa kapena kukanda phokoso. Pankhaniyi, palibenso njira ina koma kusintha zinthu zomwe zatha. Kusintha kuyenera kuchitika posachedwa, chifukwa kukangana kwa zinthu zachitsulo pa disk tatchulazi kungayambitse kuwonongeka kosasinthika kwa disc. Pankhani yofulumira, kukonzanso kumatha ndi kusinthidwa kwa mapepala okha. Kuphulika kwa mabuleki kungathenso kuyambitsidwa ndi malo akuda pa ma discs ndi pads okha. Pankhaniyi, kuyeretsa dongosolo ndi otchedwa Brake zotsukira ayenera kuthandiza, amene degrease ndi kuyeretsa zimbale ndi ananyema ziyangoyango.
Ndi mavuto ati omwe ma brake pads angakhale nawo?
Choyamba, mapepala amatha kutentha kwambiri. Wochepa thupi, wovala kwambiri gasket, amachepetsa kukana kwake kutentha kwambiri. Kukatentha kwambiri, chinthu chomwe chimamangiriza zinthu zotsutsana chimawotcha padi. Pad imakhala ndi mikangano yocheperako ikakumana ndi diski, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya braking komanso kulimba. Kuonjezera apo, zimatha kuyambitsa zokwiyitsa.
Pomaliza, tiyenera kutchula zolakwa zomwe zimachitika kwambiri ndi madalaivala, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kulimba kwa ma braking system. Choyambitsa kwambiri ndi kusayendetsa bwino. Kukwera mabuleki kwa nthawi yayitali, motsika motalikirapo komanso kumangoponda phazi lanu pa brake pedal kumabweretsa kutenthedwa kosalephereka kwa dongosolo. Mukamayendetsa m'madera amapiri, kumbukirani kuyika mabuleki a injini ndipo, ngati n'kotheka, gwiritsani ntchito njira yaifupi, yolimba mabuleki ndi kumasula kwakanthawi kwa brake pedal kuti makinawo azizizira.
Monga nthawi zonse, ndi bwino kutchula kupewa. Pakuwunika kulikonse komwe kungatheke, timafunikira makaniko kuti ayang'ane ma brake system! Ntchito yosavuta imeneyi, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse idzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pachitetezo chathu, kuyendetsa bwino komanso momwe chikwama chathu chilili.
