XDrive yoyendetsa magudumu onse
Magalimoto,  Kutumiza galimoto,  Chipangizo chagalimoto

XDrive yoyendetsa magudumu onse

Poyerekeza ndi magalimoto azaka zapitazi, galimoto yamakono yakhala yofulumira, injini yake ndiyotsika mtengo kwambiri, koma osati chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito, ndipo dongosolo lotonthoza limakupatsani mwayi wosangalala kuyendetsa galimoto, ngakhale ikuyimira kalasi ya bajeti. Nthawi yomweyo, chitetezo ndi yogwira idasinthidwa, ndipo imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri.

Koma chitetezo cha galimoto sichimangotengera mtundu wa mabuleki kapena kuchuluka kwa maabagi (momwe amagwirira ntchito, werengani apa). Ndi ngozi zingati m'misewu zomwe zidachitika chifukwa choti dalaivala walephera kuyendetsa galimoto poyendetsa liwiro lalikulu pamalo osakhazikika kapena potembenuka mwamphamvu! Njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsira mayendedwe munthawi zotere. Mwachitsanzo, galimoto ikalowa pakona yolimba, mphamvu yake yokoka imasunthira mbali imodzi ndipo imadzaza kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, gudumu lililonse pambali yotsitsa limataya. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, pali njira yosinthira kusinthasintha, zotetezera pambuyo pake, ndi zina zambiri.

Koma kuti galimoto ithe kuthana ndi zovuta zilizonse mumsewu, opanga makina osiyanasiyana amakonzekeretsa mitundu ina yawo ndimayendedwe omwe amatha kutembenuza gudumu lirilonse, kulipangitsa kukhala lotsogola. Njirayi imatchedwa magudumu anayi. Wopanga aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito izi mwanjira yake. Mwachitsanzo, Mercedes-Benz yakhazikitsa dongosolo la 4Matic, lomwe latchulidwa kale osiyana review... Audi ili ndi Quattro. BMW imakonzekeretsa mitundu yambiri yamagalimoto ndimtundu wa xDrive.

XDrive yoyendetsa magudumu onse

Kutumiza kotereku kumakhala ndi ma SUV athunthu, mitundu ina ya crossover (za kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iyi yamagalimoto, werengani payokha), popeza magalimoto amenewa nthawi zambiri amakhala mumisewu yopanda miyala. Mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupikisana pamipikisano yampikisano. Koma magalimoto ena oyendetsa okwera kapena magalimoto amasewera amathanso kukhala ndi ma wheel wheel. Kuphatikiza pakuchita bwino pamisewu yosavuta yopanda msewu, magalimoto oterewa amakhala otsimikiza pamisewu yomwe ikusintha mofulumira. Mwachitsanzo, chisanu cholemera chimagwa m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo zida zochotsa chipale chofewa sizinakwaniritsebe ntchito yake.

Mtundu wamagudumu onse uli ndi mwayi wabwino woyendetsa msewu wokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa kuposa woyendetsa kutsogolo kapena mnzake woyendetsa kumbuyo. Machitidwe amakono ali ndi magwiridwe antchito basi, kotero kuti dalaivala safunika kuwongolera nthawi yoti atsegule njira ina. Makampani otsogolera okha ndi omwe amapanga makina oterewa. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi chivomerezo chake chokhazikitsa magudumu oyendetsa basi mgalimoto zawo.

Tiyeni tione momwe ntchito ya xDrive imagwirira ntchito, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zake, mawonekedwe ake ndi zovuta zina.

Lingaliro wamba

Ngakhale kuti makokedwe agalimoto ali ndi kufalitsa kotereku amagawidwa kumayendedwe onse, galimoto yoyendetsa yonse siyingatchulidwe msewu. Chifukwa chachikulu ndichakuti station station, sedan kapena coupe ili ndi malo ochepa, ndichifukwa chake sizingatheke kuthana ndi zovuta zapamsewu - galimotoyo ingokhala munjira yoyamba yomwe ma SUV adachita.

Pachifukwa ichi, cholinga cha makina oyendetsa magudumu onse ndikupereka kukhazikika ndi kuwongolera bwino kwamagalimoto pamsewu wosakhazikika, mwachitsanzo, galimoto ikalowa mu chisanu kapena pa ayezi. Kuyendetsa galimoto yokhala ndi gudumu loyenda kutsogolo, ndipo makamaka makamaka poyendetsa kumbuyo pazinthu ngati izi kumafunikira zambiri kuchokera kwa woyendetsa, makamaka ngati kuthamanga kwagalimoto kuli kwakukulu.

Mosasamala kanthu za mbadwo wa dongosololi, liphatikizapo:

  • Ma gearbox (kuti mumve zambiri za mitundu ndi mfundo zoyendetsera ma gearbox, werengani apa);
  • Zolemba pamanja (za mtundu wanji wa makinawo, ndi chifukwa chake zikufunika mgalimoto, akufotokozedwa m'nkhani ina);
  • Cardan shaft (momwe imagwirira ntchito, komanso ndimayendedwe ena ati agalimoto yoyendetsa galimoto yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, werengani payokha);
  • Kuyendetsa kutsinde kwa mawilo kutsogolo;
  • Zida Main pa axles awiri.
XDrive yoyendetsa magudumu onse

Mndandandawu sukuphatikiza kusiyanasiyana pa chifukwa chimodzi chosavuta. M'badwo uliwonse walandira zosintha zosiyanasiyana za chinthuchi. Zinali kusinthidwa nthawi zonse, kapangidwe kake ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito amasinthidwa. Kuti mumve zambiri zakusiyanaku ndi zomwe zimagwira pakumayendetsa galimoto, werengani apa.

Wopanga maudindo a xDrive ngati okhazikika magudumu onse. M'malo mwake, zoyambilira zoyambirira zidaperekedwa mu kapangidwe kameneka, ndipo zimapezeka m'mitundu ina yokha. Kwa magalimoto ena onse amtunduwu, zotchedwa plug-in zinayi zamagalimoto zilipo. Ndiko kuti, chitsulo chogwira matayala chachiwiri chikugwirizana pamene chachikulu pagudumu mawilo galimoto. Kufala kumeneku sikupezeka mu BMW SUVs ndi ma crossovers okha, komanso mumitundu ingapo yamagalimoto oyendetsa.

Mwachikhalidwe chachikale, magudumu anayi amayenera kupereka mwayi wokwanira kuyendetsa galimoto modekha pamagawo amisewu osakhazikika. Izi zimapangitsa makina kukhala osavuta kuwongolera. Momwemonso, ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe magalimoto oyendetsa magudumu onse amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamipikisano yampikisano (mipikisano ina yotchuka yamagalimoto yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amphamvu amafotokozedwa kubwereza kwina).

Koma ngati makokedwewa agawidwa m'mbali mwa nkhwangwa molakwika, izi zimakhudza:

  • Kuyankha kwa galimoto potembenuza chiwongolero;
  • Kuchepetsa mphamvu zamagalimoto;
  • Kuyenda kosakhazikika kwa galimoto pamagawo owongoka amsewu;
  • Kuchepetsa kutonthoza pakuyenda.

Pofuna kuthetsa zonsezi, automaker wa ku Bavaria anatenga magalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo monga maziko, kusintha kayendedwe kawo, kukonza chitetezo cha magalimoto.

Mbiri yakulengedwa ndi chitukuko cha dongosololi

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mtundu wamagudumu onse kuchokera ku Bavaria automaker udawonekera mu 1985. M'nthawi imeneyo, kunalibe chinthu chotchedwa crossover. Ndiye zonse zomwe zinali zazikulu kuposa sedan wamba, hatchback kapena wagon station amatchedwa "Jeep" kapena SUV. Koma m'ma 80s, BMW inali isanapange mtundu wagalimoto. Komabe, kuwunika kwa magudumu onse, omwe anali atapezeka kale m'mitundu ina ya Audi, kudalimbikitsa oyang'anira kampani yaku Bavaria kuti ipange gawo lawo, lomwe limathandizira kuti magawano azigawika pakachitsulo kalikonse pagalimoto mosiyanasiyana .

Mwasankha, chitukuko ichi chidayikidwa mu mitundu ya 3-Series ndi 5-Series. Ndi magalimoto ochepa okha omwe amatha kulandira zida zotere, kenako ngati njira yokwera mtengo. Kupangitsa magalimoto awa kukhala osiyana ndi anzawo omwe amayenda kumbuyo-kumbuyo, mndandandawu udalandira index ya X. Pambuyo pake (mu 2003) kampaniyo idasintha dzina ili kukhala xDrive.

XDrive yoyendetsa magudumu onse
1986 BMW M3 Coupe (E30)

Pambuyo poyesedwa bwino kwa dongosololi, kukula kwake kunatsatira, chifukwa chake panali mibadwo inayi. Kusintha kulikonse komwe kumachitika kumasiyana ndikukhazikika kwakukulu, chiwembucho malinga ndi momwe mphamvuyo idzagawiridwire nkhwangwa ndikusintha kapangidwe kake. Mibadwo itatu yoyambirira idagawa makokedwewo pakati pama axles mosasunthika (chiwerengerocho sichinasinthidwe).

Tiyeni tione mbali za m'badwo uliwonse padera.

M'badwo woyamba

Monga tanenera kale, mbiri ya chilengedwe chonse choyendetsa kuchokera ku Bavaria automaker idayamba mu 1985. M'badwo woyamba anali kugawa zonse makokedwe kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo axles kumbuyo. Zowona, mphamvu yamagetsi inali yopanda malire - yoyendetsa magudumu kumbuyo idalandira 63 peresenti ndipo yoyendetsa kutsogolo idalandira 37 peresenti yamagetsi.

Ndondomeko yogawa magetsi inali motere. Pakati pa ma axles, makokedwewo amayenera kugawidwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa mapulaneti. Idatsekedwa ndi cholumikizira chowoneka bwino (ndichinthu chotani chomwe chimafotokozedwera kubwereza kwina). Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka, ngati kuli kofunikira, kusamutsa konyamula kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo kumbuyo kungaperekedwe mpaka 90%.

Zowalamulira viscous anali anaika mu masiyanidwe kumbuyo pakati. Chitsulo chogwira matayala kutsogolo sanali okonzeka ndi loko, ndi masiyanidwe anali mfulu. Werengani za chifukwa chake mumafunikira kusiyanasiyana. payokha... BMW iX325 (kutulutsidwa mu 1985) inali ndi zida zotere.

XDrive yoyendetsa magudumu onse

Ngakhale kuti kufalitsirako kunafalikira mwamphamvu pama axles onse, galimoto yomwe imafalitsa motere imawonedwa ngati yoyendetsa kumbuyo, chifukwa mawilo am'mbuyo amalandila nambala yofanana ya Newtons. Kuchotsa mphamvu kumapangidwira kumawilo akutsogolo kudzera munthumba losamutsa lomwe limayendetsedwa ndi unyolo.

Chimodzi mwazovuta za chitukuko ichi chinali kudalirika kotsika kwa ma viscous poyerekeza ndi loko kwa Torsen, komwe ankagwiritsa ntchito Audi (kuti mumve zambiri za kusinthaku, onani m'nkhani ina). Mbadwo woyamba udachoka pamizere yamagalimoto a Bavaria mpaka 1991, pomwe m'badwo wotsatira wamagudumu oyenda onse udawonekera.

Mbadwo wachiwiri

M'badwo wachiwiri wa dongosololi udalinso wopanda malire. Kugawidwa kwa makokoko kunachitika mu chiŵerengero cha 64 (mawilo akumbuyo) mpaka 36 (mawilo akutsogolo). Kusinthaku kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma sedans ndi ma station station 525iX kumbuyo kwa E34 (mndandanda wachisanu). Patatha zaka ziwiri, kufalitsa uku kudakwezedwa.

Mtunduwo usanachitike wamakono ukugwiritsa ntchito zowalamulira zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi. Idayikidwa pakati pa masiyanidwe. Chipangizocho chidayatsidwa ndi zizindikilo zochokera ku gawo loyang'anira ESD. Masiyanidwe amtsogolo anali omasuka, koma kumbuyo kunali kusiyanasiyana. Izi zidachitidwa ndi clutch yamagetsi yamagetsi. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka, mphamvu imatha kuperekedwa nthawi yomweyo pamlingo wokwanira wa 0 mpaka 100%.

Chifukwa chamakono, akatswiri amakampani adasintha kapangidwe kake. Kusiyanitsa kwapakati kumatha kutsekedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, chinthu chosemphana ndimagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi chinagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuwongolera kokha kumachitika ndi gawo la ABS system.

XDrive yoyendetsa magudumu onse

Magiya chachikulu anataya maloko awo, ndi masiyanidwe mtanda chitsulo chogwira matayala anakhala free. Koma m'badwo uno, kugwiritsira ntchito kutsanzira kwamiyeso yakumbuyo (ABD system) kudagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mfundo ya chipangizocho inali yosavuta. Masensa omwe amazindikira kuthamanga kwa magudumu akalemba kusiyana kwakasinthidwe ka magudumu akumanja ndi amanzere (izi zimachitika imodzi ikayamba kuterera), makinawo amachepetsa pang'ono omwe akuyenda mwachangu.

III m'badwo

Mu 1998, padakhala kusintha kwamtundu wamagalimoto oyendetsa magudumu onse ochokera ku Bavaria. Pankhani chiŵerengero cha kugawa makokedwe, m'badwo uwu analinso asymmetric. Mawilo akumbuyo amalandira 62 peresenti, ndipo mawilo akutsogolo amalandila 38 peresenti ya zomwe amaponyera. Kutumiza koteroko kumatha kupezeka pamagalimoto oyendetsa ndi ma BMW 3-Series E46 sedans.

Mosiyana ndi m'badwo wam'mbuyomu, dongosololi linali ndi zotchinga zaulere (ngakhale pakati sikutsekedwa). Zida zazikulu zimatsanzira kutseka.

Chaka chotsatira kuyambika kwa kupanga m'badwo wachitatu wa xDrive transmissions wheel-wheel, kampaniyo idatulutsa mtundu woyamba wa kalasi ya "Crossover". BMW X5 imagwiritsa ntchito momwemo ngati magalimoto okwera a mndandanda wachitatu. Mosiyana ndi kusinthaku, kufalikiraku kunali ndi kutsanzira kutsekereza kwa ma axial cross-axle.

XDrive yoyendetsa magudumu onse

Mpaka 2003, mibadwo yonse itatu idayimira kuyendetsa galimoto nthawi zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yonse yamagudumu anayi yamagalimoto inali ndi zida za xDrive. M'galimoto zonyamula, m'badwo wachitatu wa dongosololi udagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka 2006, ndipo mu crossovers idasinthidwa zaka ziwiri zapitazo m'badwo wachinayi.

IV m'badwo

M'badwo waposachedwa wamagudumu onse udayambitsidwa mu 2003. Zinali mbali ya zida zoyambira za X3 crossover yatsopano, komanso mtundu wa restyled 3-Series E46. Njirayi imayikidwa mwachisawawa pamitundu yonse ya X-Series, ndipo ngati njira - pamitundu ina, kupatula 2-Series.

XDrive yoyendetsa magudumu onse

A mbali ya kusinthidwa ndi kupanda masiyanidwe interaxle a. M'malo mwake, kugwiritsa ntchito mikangano yamagulu angapo, yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi servo drive. Pazoyenera, 60% ya makokedwewo amapita kumtundu wazitsulo kumbuyo ndi 40% kutsogolo. Zinthu zikasintha pamsewupo (galimoto idathawira matope, idalowa chipale chofewa kapena ayezi), makinawa amatha kusintha kuchuluka mpaka 0: 100.

Momwe dongosololi limagwirira ntchito

Popeza pamsika pali magalimoto ambiri okhala ndi magudumu anayi am'badwo wachinayi, tikambirana za ntchito yosinthayi. Ndi kusakhulupirika, samatha ndi opatsirana zonse mawilo kumbuyo, kotero galimoto imatengedwa osati onse gudumu, koma kumbuyo gudumu ndi chitsulo chogwirizana ndi chitsulo chogwira matayala kutsogolo.

Chowotchera chophatikizira chimayikidwa pakati pazitsulo, zomwe, monga tawonera kale, zimayendetsedwa ndi ma levers ogwiritsa ntchito servo drive. Njirayi imamangiriza ma disc a clutch ndipo, chifukwa cha kukakamiza, makina oyendetsa unyolo adatsegulidwa, omwe amalumikiza kutsinde lakutsogolo.

Mphamvu yochotsa imadalira mphamvu yakukakamiza ma disc. Chipangizochi chimatha kugawa makokedwe a 50% kumawilo akutsogolo. Servo ikatsegula ma disc a clutch, 100% ya zotengera zimapita kuma gudumu akumbuyo.

Kugwira ntchito kwa servo ndi kwamtundu wina wanzeru chifukwa chakupezeka kwamitundu yambiri yolumikizidwa nayo. Chifukwa cha izi, zovuta zilizonse panjira zimatha kuyambitsa makina, omwe amasinthira mumayendedwe ofunikira m'masekondi 0.01 okha.

Machitidwe otsatirawa amakhudza kuyambitsa kwa dongosolo la xDrive:

  1. ICM... Ili ndi dongosolo lomwe limalemba momwe galimotoyo imagwirira ntchito ndikuwongolera zina mwa ntchito zake. Imapereka kulumikizana kwa woyenda ndi njira zina;
  2. DSC... Ili ndi dzina la wopanga dongosolo lolamulira bata. Chifukwa cha zikwangwani zochokera kumasensa ake, kutambasula kumagawidwa pakati pazitsulo zakutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Zimayambitsanso kutsanzira kutseka kwamagetsi kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Dongosololi limathandizira kuyimitsidwa kwa gudumu lomwe linayamba kuterera kuti lipewe kusunthira kwa torque;
  3. AFS... Ichi ndi dongosolo lomwe limakonza momwe chiwongolero chikuyendera. Galimoto ikagunda pamalo osakhazikika, ndipo pamlingo winawake magudumu oyendetsa gudumu amayamba, chipangizochi chimakhazikika pagalimoto kuti isadumphe;
  4. DTS... Samatha dongosolo kulamulira;
  5. Zithunzi za HDC... Wothandizira pakompyuta mukamayendetsa malo otsetsereka aatali;
  6. Zamgululi... Mitundu ina yamagalimoto ilibe dongosololi. Zimathandiza dalaivala kuyendetsa galimoto akamafika pakona liwiro lalikulu.

Mawotchi oyendetsa magudumu anayi a automaker awa ali ndi mwayi umodzi, womwe umalola kuti chitukukire mpikisano ndi zofanana ndi makampani ena. Zimangokhala pakapangidwe kophweka kapangidwe kake ndi chiwembu chokhazikitsira kugawa kwa makokedwe. Komanso, kudalirika kwa dongosololi kumachitika chifukwa chosowa maloko osiyana siyana.

XDrive yoyendetsa magudumu onse

Nazi zina zabwino za dongosolo la xDrive:

  • Kugawidwanso kwazitsulo zamphamvu pama axles kumachitika popanda njira yopondera;
  • Zamagetsi nthawi zonse zimawunika momwe galimoto ili panjira, ndipo zinthu zikasintha, dongosololi limasintha nthawi yomweyo;
  • Imathandizira kuwongolera kuyendetsa, mosasamala pamsewu;
  • Njira yama braking imagwira bwino ntchito, ndipo nthawi zina dalaivala safunika kukanikiza mabuleki kuti akhazikitse galimoto;
  • Ngakhale munthu woyendetsa galimoto ali ndi luso lotani, galimotoyo imakhazikika pamagawo ovuta amisewu kuposa mtundu wakale woyendetsa kumbuyo.

Machitidwe opangira machitidwe

Ngakhale kuti dongosololi silingasinthe kuchuluka kwa makokedwe pakati pama axles okhazikika, kuyendetsa kwamagudumu onse a BMW xDrive imagwira ntchito m'njira zingapo. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, zimatengera momwe zinthu zilili panjira, komanso zizindikiritso zamagalimoto olumikizidwa.

Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika pomwe zamagetsi zimatha kusintha kusintha kwa magetsi pachitsulo chilichonse:

  1. Woyendetsa akuyamba kuyenda bwino. Poterepa, zamagetsi ndizoyambitsa servo kotero kuti mlandu wosamutsira umasamutsa 50% ya makokedwewo kumayendedwe akutsogolo. Galimoto ikamafulumira mpaka 20 km / h, zamagetsi zimachepetsa kukangana kwa clutch pakati-to-center, chifukwa chiwonetsero cha makokedwe pakati pa ma axles chimasintha 40/60 (kutsogolo / kumbuyo);
  2. Skid mukamayang'ana pakona (chifukwa chiyani wopondereza kapena wopondereza amapezeka, komanso zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa ngati izi, akufotokozedwa kubwereza kwina) imapangitsa kuti makina azitha kuyendetsa mawilo akutsogolo ndi 50%, kuti ayambe kukoka galimotoyo, kuyimitsa bwino ikamaseweredwa. Ngati izi sizingayang'aniridwe, olamulira amayendetsa njira zina zachitetezo;
  3. Kugwetsa. Poterepa, zamagetsi, m'malo mwake, zimapangitsa kuti galimoto iziyendetsa kumbuyo, chifukwa choti mawilo am'mbuyo amakankha galimotoyo, ndikuyiyang'ana mbali ina motsutsana ndi kuzungulira kwa mawilo oyendetsa. Komanso zamagetsi zamagalimoto zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zina zachitetezo zokhazokha;
  4. Galimoto idayenda pa ayezi. Poterepa, dongosololi limagawira mphamvu pakati mpaka pamahatchi onse awiri, ndipo galimotoyo imakhala yoyendetsa magudumu onse;
  5. Kuyimitsa galimoto mumsewu wopapatiza kapena kuyendetsa mwachangu pamwamba pa 180 km / h. Poterewa, mawilo amtsogolo ali olumala kwathunthu, ndipo kutengeka konse kumangotengera chitsulo chogwirizira chakumbuyo. Kuipa kwa njirayi ndikuti ndizovuta kwambiri kuyimitsa galimoto yoyendetsa kumbuyo, mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kuyendetsa kakhonde kakang'ono, ndipo ngati msewu ndi woterera, mawilo amaterera.
XDrive yoyendetsa magudumu onse

Zoyipa za dongosolo la xDrive ndikuti, chifukwa chakuchepa kwa malo apakati kapena kusiyanasiyana, njira inayake siyingakakamizidwe. Mwachitsanzo, ngati dalaivala akudziwa bwino zomwe galimoto ilowa m'dera linalake, sangathe kuyatsa nkhwangwa yakutsogolo. Imayendetsedwa zokha, pokhapokha galimoto ikayamba kudumphadumpha. Woyendetsa galimoto wosadziwa zambiri ayamba kuchita zinthu zina, ndipo pakadali pano axle yakutsogolo iyatsa, yomwe ingayambitse ngozi. Pachifukwa ichi, ngati palibe chidziwitso pakuyendetsa mayendedwe amenewa, ndibwino kuchita pamisewu yotsekedwa kapena m'malo apadera.

Zinthu zadongosolo

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti zosintha zamtundu wa okwera zimasiyana ndizosankha zomwe ma crossovers amakhala nazo. Kusiyanitsa kwa kufalitsa kwamilandu. Mu crossovers, ndi unyolo, ndipo mumitundu ina, ndi zida.

Dongosolo la xDrive lili ndi:

  • Bokosi lamagetsi lokhazikika;
  • Chotsani mlandu;
  • Mipikisano mbale mikangano zowalamulira. Imaikidwa munkhani yosamutsira ndikusintha mawonekedwe apakati;
  • Kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwamakina okhazikika;
  • Masiyanidwe apambuyo ndi akumbuyo.

Nkhani yosamutsira ma ngolo ndi ma sedans ili ndi:

  • Kutsogolo kwa gudumu;
  • Kuwongolera kwa Servo cam;
  • Zida zapakatikati;
  • Zida zoyendetsa;
  • Ndalezo chachikulu;
  • Mipikisano mbale zowalamulira;
  • Makina oyendetsa kumbuyo kumbuyo;
  • Servo galimoto;
  • Zinthu zingapo zotsutsana;
  • Zipangizo za pinion zolumikizidwa ndi servomotor.

Mlandu wa crossover umagwiritsanso ntchito mapangidwe ofanana, kupatula kuti tcheni chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mozungulira.

Mipikisano mbale mikangano zowalamulira

Mbali yapadera ya m'badwo waposachedwa wa dongosolo la xDrive wanzeru ndikosowa kosiyanitsa pakati. Anasinthidwa ndi clutch yamitundu yambiri. Imayendetsedwa ndi servo yamagetsi. Kugwira ntchito kwa makinawa kumayang'aniridwa ndi gawo loyendetsa kufalitsa. Galimoto ikakhala pamavuto amisewu, microprocessor imalandira ma sign kuchokera ku kayendetsedwe kokhazikika, chiwongolero, chassis, ndi zina zambiri. Kutengera izi, ma algorithm omwe adapangidwa adayambitsidwa, ndipo servo drive imamangiriza ma disc a clutch ndi mphamvu yolingana ndi makokedwe ofunikira pachitsulo chachiwiri.

XDrive yoyendetsa magudumu onse

Kutengera mtundu wamtundu (wamagalimoto oyendetsa ndi ma crossovers, zosintha zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito), makokedwe amalo opitilira kudzera pamagiya kapena unyolo amaperekedwa pang'ono ku shaft kutsogolo. Mphamvu psinjika zimbale zowalamulira zimadalira mfundo zomwe ulamuliro unit amalandira.

Zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti dongosololi likuyenda bwino

Chifukwa chake ,ubwino wa dongosolo la xDrive lagona pakugawana mphamvu kosalala komanso kosasunthika pakati pama axel am'mbuyo ndi kumbuyo. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwake kumachitika chifukwa cha nkhani yosamutsira, yomwe imatsegulidwa kudzera pazowonjezera zingapo. Adanenedwa za iye kale pang'ono. Chifukwa chakuyanjanitsa ndi machitidwe ena, kufalitsa kumazolowera msanga pakusintha kwamisewu ndikusintha mawonekedwe anyamuka.

Popeza ntchito ya dongosololi ndikuchotsa kuthamangitsidwa kwa mawilo oyendetsa momwe angathere, magalimoto okhala nawo ndiosavuta kukhazikika pambuyo pa skid. Ngati pali chikhumbo choyitananso (za zomwe zili, werengani apa), ndiye, ngati kuli kotheka, njirayi iyenera kulemala kapena kuyimitsa machitidwe ena omwe amalepheretsa magudumu oyendetsa.

Zovuta zazikulu

Ngati pali zovuta ndikutumiza (mwina kuwonongeka kwa makina kapena kwamagetsi), ndiye kuti chizindikirocho chikugwirizana. Kutengera mtundu wakuwonongeka, chithunzi cha 4x4, ABS kapena Brake chitha kuwoneka. Popeza kufalitsa ndiimodzi mwamagawo okhazikika mgalimoto, kulephera kwathunthu kumachitika makamaka pomwe dalaivala amanyalanyaza zizindikilo za pa bolodi kapena zovuta zina zomwe zimayambitsa kufalitsa zinthu zisanachitike.

Pakakhala zovuta zina zazing'ono, chizindikiritso chowunikira nthawi ndi nthawi chitha kuwonetsedwa paudongo. Ngati palibe chomwe chachitika, popita nthawi, chizindikirocho chikuthwanima nthawi zonse. "Cholumikizira chofooka" mu xDrive system ndi servo, yomwe imakanikiza ma disc a clutch wapakati pamlingo winawake. Mwamwayi, okonza mapulaniwa adawoneratu izi, ndipo adayikiratu makinawo kuti ngati alephera, sikoyenera kutulutsa theka lakutumizirako. Katunduyu amapezeka kunja kwa zolembedwazo.

Koma izi sizokhazo zomwe zikuwonongeka m'dongosolo lino. Chizindikiro kuchokera ku sensa ina ikhoza kutayika (kukhudzana ndi oxidized kapena ma waya a waya athyoledwa). Zolephera zamagetsi zitha kuchitika. Kuti mudziwe zolakwika, mutha kudziyesa nokha pa bolodi (momwe izi zitha kuchitikira pamagalimoto ena amafotokozedwa apa) kapena perekani galimoto kuti ipeze makina apakompyuta. Werengani mosiyana momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito.

Ngati servo drive ikutha, maburashi kapena sensa ya Hall imatha kulephera (momwe sensa iyi imagwirira ntchito ikufotokozedwa m'nkhani ina). Koma ngakhale zili choncho, mutha kupitiliza kuyendetsa kupita kokagwiritsa ntchito galimoto. Galimoto yokha ndi yomwe ingoyenda kumbuyo komwe. Zowona, kugwira ntchito pafupipafupi ndi mota wosweka wa servo kumadzala ndi kulephera kwa gearbox, chifukwa chake simuyenera kuchedwetsa kukonza kapena kusintha kwa servo.

XDrive yoyendetsa magudumu onse

Woyendetsa akasintha mafuta m'bokosimo munthawi yake, razdatka "amakhala" pafupifupi 100-120 zikwi. Km. mtunda. Kuvala kwa makinawo kumawonetsedwa ndi mkhalidwe wamafuta. Kwa diagnostics ndi okwanira pang'ono kukhetsa mafuta ku poto HIV. Dontho ndi dontho pa chopukutira choyera, mutha kudziwa ngati ndi nthawi yokonza dongosolo. Zitsulo zachitsulo kapena fungo lowotcha zikuwonetsa kufunikira kosinthira makinawo.

Chizindikiro chimodzi chazovuta za servomotor ndikuthamangitsidwa kosafanana (kugwedeza kwagalimoto) kapena mluzu wochokera kumawilo akumbuyo (wokhala ndi braking system). Nthawi zina, poyendetsa, dongosololi limatha kugawa mphamvu ku limodzi lamagudumu oyendetsa kuti galimotoyo isinthe molimba mtima. Koma pakadali pano, bokosi lamagalimoto limanyamula katundu wolemera ndipo lidzalephera mwachangu. Pachifukwa ichi, simuyenera kugonjetsa ma curve kuthamanga kwambiri. Ngakhale magudumu amtundu wamagudumu kapena chitetezo ndi odalirika bwanji, sangathe kuthetseratu zovuta zamalamulo akuthupi pagalimoto, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuti panjira muziyendetsa modekha, makamaka m'malo osakhazikika a khwalala.

Pomaliza

Chifukwa chake, xDrive yochokera ku BMW yatsimikizika bwino kwambiri kotero kuti wopanga makina amaiyika pamagalimoto ambiri onyamula, komanso pamitundu yonse ya gawo la "Crossover" lokhala ndi index ya X. Poyerekeza ndi mibadwo yam'mbuyomu, m'badwo uwu ndiwodalirika kuti wopanga Silingakonzekere kusintha china chilichonse kenako zabwino koposa.

Pamapeto pa kuwunikirako - kanema waufupi wamomwe dongosolo la xDrive limagwirira ntchito:

Magudumu onse a BMW xDrive, onse amagwira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

BMW X Drive ndi chiyani? Iyi ndi njira yoyendetsera magudumu onse opangidwa ndi mainjiniya a BMW. Ndilo gawo la machitidwe okhazikika a ma wheel drive omwe amakhala ndi ma torque mosalekeza komanso osiyanasiyana.

Kodi X Drive system imagwira ntchito bwanji? Kufala kumeneku kumachokera ku chiwembu choyendetsa kumbuyo kwa magudumu. Makokedwe amagawidwa motsatira nkhwangwa kudzera muchotengera chosinthira (kutumiza kwa zida komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi clutch friction).

Kodi X Drive idawoneka liti? Chiwonetsero chovomerezeka cha BMW xDrive all-wheel drive transmission chinachitika mu 2003. Izi zisanachitike, kachitidwe kamene kamakhala ndi kagawidwe kosasunthika kakukankhira pama axles kanagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kodi dzina la BMW all-wheel drive ndi chiyani? BMW imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri yoyendetsa. Kumbuyo ndi classic. Kuyendetsa gudumu lakutsogolo sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni. Koma magudumu onse okhala ndi chiwongolero chosinthika ndi chitukuko chaposachedwa, ndipo chimatchedwa xDrive.

Kuwonjezera ndemanga