Utsi wabuluu wotulutsa utsi
Kukonza magalimoto,  Kukonza injini

Utsi wabuluu wotulutsa utsi

Makinawo akamagwira ntchito, zinthu zoyaka zimatuluka mu utsi, womwe wadutsa gawo lakumveka bwino kwa mawu ndikuwononga zinthu zovulaza. Izi nthawi zonse zimatsagana ndikupanga utsi. Makamaka ngati injini ikadali yozizira, ndipo nyengo ili yonyowa kapena yozizira panja, ndiye kuti utsi umakhala wokulirapo, chifukwa uli ndi condensate yambiri (komwe imachokera, akuti apa).

Komabe, nthawi zambiri utsi sumangokhala utsi, koma umakhala ndi mthunzi wina, womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa momwe injini ilili. Ganizirani chifukwa chake utsi wa utsi ndi wabuluu.

Chifukwa chiyani amasuta utsi wabuluu kuchokera ku chitoliro cha utsi

Chifukwa chokha chomwe utsi uli ndi utoto wabuluu ndi chifukwa chakuti injini yamafuta ikuyaka mu silinda. Nthawi zambiri vutoli limatsagana ndi kuwonongeka kwa injini, mwachitsanzo, imayamba kuthamanga, mafuta amafunika kuwonjezeredwa, kuyimitsidwa kwa chipangizocho ndikosatheka popanda kudzaza gasi, kuyambitsa injini nyengo yozizira (nthawi zambiri dizilo imakumana ndi vuto lotere) ndizovuta kwambiri, ndi zina zambiri.

Utsi wabuluu wotulutsa utsi

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso osavuta kuti mudziwe ngati mafuta alowa munthawiyo. Timayambitsa injini, kutenga pepala ndikulowetsa m'malo mwa utsi. Chitoliro chikataya madontho a mafuta, mawanga amafuta adzawoneka papepala. Zotsatira za cheke ichi zikuwonetsa vuto lalikulu lomwe silinganyalanyazidwe.

Kupanda kutero, kukonza okwera mtengo kuyenera kuchitidwa. Kuphatikiza pa likulu la injini, chosinthira chothandizira chikuyenera kusinthidwa posachedwa. Chifukwa chiyani mafuta ndi mafuta osayaka sayenera kuloledwa kulowa mgululi, akufotokozedwera osiyana review.

Utsi wabuluu wotulutsa utsi

Nthawi zambiri, injini yakale, yomwe ikuyandikira kukonzanso kwakukulu, imasuta ndikutulutsa kwa buluu. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magawo a silinda-piston (mwachitsanzo, kuvala kwa mphete za O). Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kupanikizika kwa injini yoyaka moto kumachepa, ndipo mphamvu ya unityo imachepetsanso, chifukwa chake kuyendetsa galimoto kumakhala kochepa.

Koma si zachilendo kuti utsi wabuluu umawonekera kuchokera paipi yotulutsa utsi ndi magalimoto ena atsopano. Izi zimawonedwa nthawi yayitali m'nyengo yozizira. Injini ikatentha, zotsatira zake zimasowa. Izi zitha kuchitika pomwe woyendetsa galimoto amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangira, ndipo ma semi-synthetics kapena madzi amchere amawonetsedwa m'malamulo agalimoto (werengani za kusiyana pakati pazida apa).

Izi zimachitika pamene mafuta amafuta mu injini yozizira amalowa mkati mwaziponderezizo mumtsinjewo. Mafuta (kapena dizilo) akamayaka, mankhwalawo amawotchedwa pang'ono, ndipo enawo adzawulukira m'malo ochuluka otulutsa utsi. Pamene injini yoyaka yamkati ikutentha, ziwalo zake zimakulirakulira pang'ono kuchokera kutentha, chifukwa chake kusiyana uku kumachotsedwa, ndipo utsi umasowa.

Utsi wabuluu wotulutsa utsi

Zinthu zotsatirazi zimakhudza utsi wamagalimoto:

  • Kodi injini yoyaka yamkati ndi yotentha bwanji (werengani za kutentha kwa injini mu nkhani ina; za maulamuliro otentha a injini ya dizilo, werengani apa);
  • Kodi mafuta a injini amakwaniritsa zofunikira za wopanga ICE;
  • Chiwerengero cha crankshaft pakusintha ndi kutentha;
  • Zinthu momwe galimoto imagwirira ntchito (mwachitsanzo, nyengo yonyowa ndi kuzizira, mawonekedwe amadzimadzi mu dongosolo lotulutsa utsi, lomwe lingachotsedwe poyendetsa mwachangu pamsewu waukulu pa rpm khola).

Nthawi zambiri, zizindikilo zoyambilira zamavuto a injini ndi mafuta omwe amalowa mumphamvu zimatha kuwonedwa ndi utsi wambiri (nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira), pomwe galimoto ikutentha. Kuyang'ana pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu sump kumathandizira kudziwa kuti injini yayamba kupaka mafuta ndipo imafunika kuthiranso mafuta.

Kuphatikiza pa buluu mu utsi, zinthu zotsatirazi zitha kuwonetsa kupezeka kwa mafuta muzipilala:

  1. Mphamvu yamagetsi imayamba patatu;
  2. Injini imayamba kudya mafuta ochulukirapo (makamaka, chiwerengerochi chitha kukulira mpaka 1000ml / 100km);
  3. Chosungitsa kaboni chodziwika bwino chinawonekera pa ma plugs (kuti mumve zambiri za izi, onani ndemanga ina);
  4. Mphuno zothimbirira, chifukwa chake mafuta samapopera m'chipindacho, koma amathira mmenemo;
  5. Kupanikizika kumagwa (za zomwe zili ndi momwe mungayezere, werengani apa) mwina mu masilindala onse, chifukwa m'modzi mwa iwo;
  6. Kuzizira, injini idayamba kuyipa kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale khola pakagwiridwe ka ntchito (nthawi zambiri imawoneka mu injini za dizilo, chifukwa kwa iwo kuyatsa kwamoto kumadalira kukanikiza);
  7. Nthawi zina, imatha kununkhiza utsi womwe umalowa mchipinda chonyamula anthu (kuti muwotchere mkati, chitofu chimatenga mpweya kuchokera mchipinda cha injini, pomwe utsi umatha kulowa ngati galimoto ndiyokhazikika komanso mphepo ikuwomba mumsewu kumbuyo).

Momwe mafuta amalowera muzitsulo

Mafuta amatha kulowa pamiyeso kudzera:

  • Kuphika kophika ndi mphete zamafuta zokwera pama pistoni;
  • Kupyola mpata womwe ukutuluka mumalaya owongolera ma valve, komanso chifukwa cha kuvala zisindikizo zamatayala (zotsekera ma valve);
  • Ngati chipangizocho chili ndi turbocharger, ndiye kuti kusokonekera kwa makinawa kumathandizanso kuti mafuta azilowa m'malo otentha.
Utsi wabuluu wotulutsa utsi

Chifukwa chiyani mafuta amalowa muzipilala

Kotero, mafuta akhoza kulowa mu dongosolo lotentha kapena injini yamphamvu ndi zotsatirazi:

  1. Chisindikizo cha mafuta a valavu chatha (kuti mumve zambiri zakusintha gawo ili, onani apa);
  2. Kulimba kwa valavu (imodzi kapena zingapo) kwasweka;
  3. Mikwingwirima yapanga mkatikati mwa zonenepa;
  4. Mphete za pisitoni zosapindika kapena kuphwanya kwa ena;
  5. Masamu a cylinder (s) asweka.

Valavu ikapsa, imayamba kuwonekera - galimotoyo imakhala yopanda mphamvu. Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zamatayala otentha ndikuchepa kwakukulu kwa kukakamira. Tiyeni tiwone bwino mavuto awa pansipa.

Zisindikizo zowola za valve

Zisindikizo zamafuta zamagetsi ziyenera kukhala zosinthika. Amayikidwa pa tsinde la valavu kuti achotse mafuta pazitsulo kuti asavalike. Gawo ili likakhala lolimba, limapondereza tsinde, ndikupangitsa mafuta ena kulowa mchimake kapena polowera.

Utsi wabuluu wotulutsa utsi

Woyendetsa akagwiritsa ntchito injini ya mabuleki kapena kuyendetsa galimotoyo mozungulira, kudzera m'matumba olimba kapena osweka, mafuta ochulukirapo amalowa munthirato kapena amakhalabe pamakoma azinthu zambiri. Kutentha kumangotuluka, mafuta amayamba kusuta, ndikupanga utsi wokhala ndi mthunzi.

Zofooka mu mkhalidwe wa zonenepa

Izi zitha kuchitika zinyalala, monga mchenga wokhala ndi mpweya, zimalowa mchisilamu ngati fyuluta yamlengalenga yang'ambika. Izi zimachitika kuti posintha kapena poyang'ana mapulagi, woyendetsa amakhala wosasamala, ndipo dothi lochokera kufupi ndi kwamuyaya limalowa mu pulagi.

Pogwira ntchito, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tachilendo timatha pakati pa mphete ya pisitoni ndi khoma lamphamvu. Chifukwa champhamvu zamakina, galasi lapamwamba lakanda, ma grooves kapena ma scuffs amapanga pamenepo.

Utsi wabuluu wotulutsa utsi

Izi zimabweretsa kuphwanya kulimba kwa ma pistoni ndi zonenepa, chifukwa chomwe mphero yamafuta siyokwanira, ndipo mafuta amayamba kuwonekera muntchito.

Chifukwa china chopangira tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ndi mafuta osavomerezeka. Ena oyendetsa galimoto amanyalanyaza malamulo osinthira mafuta, komanso fyuluta yamafuta. Pachifukwa ichi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tazitsulo timasonkhana m'chilengedwe (zimawoneka chifukwa chakutha m'malo ena a unit), ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimatseka fyuluta, yomwe imatha kubweretsa kuphulika kwake.

Galimoto ikakhala nthawi yayitali, ndipo injini yake siyiyamba nthawi ndi nthawi, dzimbiri limawoneka pamphete. Injini ikangoyamba, chikwangwani ichi chimakanda makoma amiyala.

Utsi wabuluu wotulutsa utsi

Chifukwa china kuphwanya galasi yamphamvu ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zotsika kwambiri pokonza injini. Izi zitha kukhala mphete zotsika mtengo kapena ma pistoni olakwika.

Kusintha masamu a silinda

Pogwira ntchito yamagetsi yama geometry a masilindayo amasintha pang'onopang'ono. Zachidziwikire, iyi ndi njira yayitali, kotero ndimomwe zimachitikira ma mota okhala ndi mileage yayikulu, ndi omwe akuyandikira kale kukonzanso kwakukulu.

Utsi wabuluu wotulutsa utsi

Kuti mudziwe izi zikuwonongeka, pamafunika kupita ndi galimoto kumalo operekera chithandizo. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera, chifukwa chake sizingachitike kunyumba.

Zopezeka mphete

Kuponderezana ndi mphete zopangira mafuta zimapangidwa ndi ma diameter okulirapo pang'ono kuposa ma pistoni. Amakhala ndi mbali imodzi yomwe imalola kuti mpheteyo ipanikizidwe pakukhazikitsa. Popita nthawi, mukamagwiritsa ntchito mafuta kapena mafuta osauka komanso mapangidwe a kaboni, mpheteyo imadziphatika ku piston poyambira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gulu la silinda-piston liwonongeke.

Kuphatikizanso kwa mapangidwe a kaboni pamphete kumasokoneza kuchotsa kwa kutentha kwa khoma lamphamvu. Nthawi zambiri pankhaniyi, utsi wabuluu umapangidwa pomwe galimoto ikuthamanga. Vutoli limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa psinjika, ndi izo ndi mphamvu ya galimoto.

Utsi wabuluu wotulutsa utsi

Chifukwa china chowonekera utsi wakuda kuchokera ku utsi ndi kulephera kwa mpweya wa crankcase. Mpweya wa crankcase wapamwamba umayang'ana komwe ungapite ndikupanga mafuta ochulukirapo, omwe amayamba kufinya pakati pa mphete za pistoni. Kuti athetse vutoli, muyenera kuyang'ana olekanitsa mafuta omwe ali pamwamba pa injini (m'magalimoto akale kwambiri) pansi pa khosi lodzaza mafuta.

Zomwe zimayambitsa utsi wabuluu

Kuphatikiza pa zovuta zomwe zidatchulidwa, mapangidwe a utsi wabuluu amatha kuchitika munthawi zosafunikira kwenikweni. Nawa ena mwa iwo:

  1. Galimoto yatsopanoyo idayamba kusuta. Kwenikweni, zotsatira zofananira zimawonekera pomwe injini yoyaka yamkati ikutentha. Chifukwa chachikulu ndi magawo omwe sanagwirizane. Galimotoyo ikafika pakatenthedwe kantchito, kusiyana kumatha pakati pazinthu, ndipo chipangizocho chimasiya kusuta.
  2. Ngati makina ali ndi turbocharger, mafuta amatha kusuta ngakhale gulu lama silinda-pisitoni ndi mavavu zikugwira ntchito bwino. Mpweyawo umagwira ntchito chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mpweya wotulutsa mpweya pamagalimoto ake. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, zinthu zake zimatenthedwa pang'ono mpaka kutentha kwa utsi kusiya cholembera, chomwe nthawi zina chimadutsa madigiri 1000. Zovala zodzikongoletsera ndikudula mabatani pang'onopang'ono zimasiya kusungira mafuta omwe amapangira mafuta, pomwe ena amapitilira muzambiri, momwe imayamba kusuta ndikuyaka. Vuto lotere limapezeka ndikung'amba pang'ono kwa chopangira mphamvu, pambuyo pake zimawunika momwe zimakhalira ndi zibowo pafupi ndi zisindikizo. Ngati zotsalira za mafuta zikuwoneka pa iwo, ndiye kuti zinthu zomwe zimasinthidwa ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi zatsopano.
Utsi wabuluu wotulutsa utsi

Nazi zina mwazinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa mafuta kulowa mkati mwazitsulo kapena mapaipi otulutsa:

  • Chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa mota pafupipafupi, mphete kapena milatho pamabotolo opumira;
  • Unit ikapsa, geometry ya siketi ya pisitoni imatha kusintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana, komwe sikumachotsedwa ndi kanema wamafuta;
  • Chifukwa cha nyundo yamadzi (za chomwe chiri, ndi momwe mungatetezere galimoto ku vutoli, werengani ndemanga ina) ndodo yolumikizira itha kukhala yopunduka. Vuto lofananalo lingawonekere pomwe lamba wa nthawi adang'ambika (muinjini zina, lamba lang'ambika silitsogolera kulumikizana pakati pama pistoni ndi ma valve otseguka);
  • Eni magalimoto ena mwadala amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsika otsika, poganiza kuti zinthu zonse ndizofanana. Zotsatira zake - mpweya umasungika mphetezo ndikuchitika kwawo;
  • Kutenthedwa kwa injini kapena zina mwazinthu zake kumatha kubweretsa kupsa mtima kwakanthawi kosakanikirana kwamafuta (izi nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kuphulika) kapena kuyatsa. Chifukwa - anagubuduza pisitoni mphete, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale mphero ya galimoto ndi.

Zambiri mwazizindikiro zomwe zafotokozedwazo zimakhudzana ndi milandu yayikulu kwambiri. Kwenikweni, vutoli limapezeka mu silinda imodzi, koma si zachilendo kuti vutoli liziwoneka "m'maphika" angapo. Pa kusintha koyamba kwa mtundu wa utsi, ndikofunikira kuwona kukhathamira kwa injini yoyaka yamkati ndi mawonekedwe a mapulagi.

Utsi wabuluu wotulutsa utsi

anapezazo

Mndandanda wa zifukwa zazikulu zowonekera kutulutsa kwa bluish kuchokera ku chitoliro sikutalika kwambiri. Kwenikweni, izi ndi zisindikizo zama valve, mphete zovalidwa kapena, mwanyimbo ina, cholembera. Ndikololedwa kukwera magalimoto ngati amenewa, koma izi zili pachiwopsezo chanu komanso pachiwopsezo. Chifukwa choyamba ndikuti utsi wabuluu umawonetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamafuta - uyenera kupitilizidwa. Chifukwa chachiwiri ndikuti kukwera galimoto yolakwika kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwina kwa ziwalo zake.

Zotsatira za ntchito yotereyi idzakhala kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mopitilira muyeso, kuchepa kwa mphamvu zamagalimoto, ndipo chifukwa chake, kuwonongeka kwa gawo lililonse la chipindacho. Ndibwino kuti mupite nthawi yomweyo kukazindikira ngati utsi wina ukuwonekera, kuti musadzawononge ndalama zambiri mukakonzanso.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Zoyenera kuchita ngati utsi wa buluu ukutuluka patope yotulutsa mpweya? M'magalimoto atsopano kapena mutatha kukonzanso kwakukulu kwa injini yoyaka mkati, muyenera kudikirira pang'ono mpaka ziwalozo zitatha. Nthawi zina, muyenera kupita kukakonza, chifukwa ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka kwa injini kuyaka mkati.

Chifukwa chiyani galimoto ili ndi utsi wabuluu? Izi ndichifukwa choti kuwonjezera pamafuta, mafuta amalowanso m'masilinda. Nthawi zambiri, mafuta amawotcha pafupifupi 0.2% yamafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati zinyalala zawonjezeka mpaka 1%, izi zikuwonetsa kusayenda bwino kwagalimoto.

Kuwonjezera ndemanga