Kodi ndi chiyani?

Popanda utsi wapamwamba, galimoto yamakono imamveka mosiyana ndi thirakitala. Vuto ndiloti injini iliyonse panthawi yogwira ntchito imamveka mokweza, chifukwa ziphuphu zimachitika muzitsulo zake, chifukwa cha crankshaft yomwe imazungulira.

Komanso, mphamvu ya injini yoyaka mkati imadalira kulimba kwa kuphulika kumeneku. Popeza kuyaka kwa mafuta osakaniza ndi mpweya kumatulutsa zinthu zoyipa zamagesi komanso kutentha kwakukulu, galimoto iliyonse imakhala ndi dongosolo lapadera lochotsera mafuta mu injini. Chida chake chimaphatikizapo zinthu zingapo zofanana. ZOKHUDZA chosakanizira и chothandizira yakhazikitsidwa ndi ndemanga zosiyana. Tsopano tiyeni tione mbali ya resonator ndi.

Kodi chosakanizira chosakhazikika ndi chiyani?

Kunja, resonator imafanana ndi mtundu wocheperako waukulu. Gawoli lili koyambirira kwa utsi wamagalimoto, kuseri kwa chosinthira chothandizira (ngati chilipo pamtundu wina wamagalimoto).

Gawoli limapangidwa ndi chitsulo, chomwe chimayenera kupirira kutentha kwambiri. Gasi yotuluka mu injini yotulutsa zochuluka ndiyotentha kwambiri ndipo imayenda mosadukiza. Resonator ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira kuti zikhazikitse utsi. Mbali zina zimayang'anira kutsuka kwa zinthu zoyaka, kapena m'malo kuzisokoneza, mwachitsanzo, mu injini za dizilo ndizosefera, ndipo m'mainjini ambiri amafuta ndizosinthira othandizira.

Chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu kwa mpweya wowotcha, chosungira galimoto chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chomwe chimatha kupirira kutentha kwakukulu osapunduka kapena kutaya mphamvu.

Mbiri ya mawonekedwe a resonator mu pulogalamu yotulutsa

Pakubwera makina oyaka amkati oyamba, vuto lakuchepetsa phokoso ndikuyeretsa kwa utsi lidayamba kukhala lamphamvu. Poyamba, makina otulutsa utsi anali ndi mawonekedwe akale, koma pakapita nthawi, kuti athandizire kuchita bwino, zinthu zina zothandizira zinawonjezeredwa.

Mu theka loyambirira la ma 1900, babu yaying'ono yazitsulo idawonjezeredwa mu utsi, pomwe mpweya wotentha umagunda, zomwe zidapangitsa kuchepa kwa phokoso la utsi. M'makina amakono, ma resonator amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana kapangidwe kake.

Ndi chiyani?

Ntchito yayikulu ya chinthuchi, monga chosakhazikika, ndikuchepetsa utsi wa phokoso ndikusintha kutuluka kunja kwa thupi lagalimoto. Mafuta owotchera pamalo omwe injini imatulutsa amakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri, chifukwa chake kupezeka kwa ziwalo zazikulu kumakuthandizani kuti muchepetse chizindikiro ichi. Izi zidzaletsa anthu kuyenda pafupi kwambiri ndi payipi yamagalimoto.

Mphamvu za injini zimadalira chida chobowolera chaching'ono. Pachifukwa ichi, kusintha kwa magalimoto amasewera kumaphatikizanso kukonzanso gawo lotulutsa. Mitundu ina yama resonator imathandizira kutsuka utsi kuchokera kuzinthu zoyipa zomwe zikuyenda.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa resonator ndi muffler?

Zinthu zonsezi zikuphatikizidwa mu lingaliro la dongosolo lotayirira lotayirira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti miyeso ya zinthu payekha ndi kapangidwe kake amapangidwa molingana ndi magawo a galimoto inayake. Pachifukwa ichi, kuyika zida zopangira tokha nthawi zambiri kumasokoneza magwiridwe antchito amagetsi.

Ngakhale ntchito zofanana, resonator ndi muffler ndi zinthu zosiyana. Resonator nthawi zonse imakhala pafupi ndi injini. Ili ndi udindo wochepetsa kugunda kwamtima komanso kutsitsa mamvekedwe otsika kwambiri. Ntchito ya muffler wamkulu ndi kutsitsa komaliza ndi kuziziritsa kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Chifukwa cha izi, phokoso lotopetsa la machitidwe apamwamba a utsi silikwiyitsa khutu la munthu.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito resonator

Injini ikayamba kugwira ntchito, mpweya wotentha umalowa m'malo ochulukitsa kuchokera muzipilala kudzera m'magetsi. Mtsinjewo umaphatikizidwa mu chitoliro chakumaso ndikulowa mu chothandizira mofulumira. Pakadali pano, zinthu zakupha zomwe zimapanga mpweya wa utsi sizimatha.

Kupitilira apo, kutuluka uku (ndipo kulibe nthawi yozizira ndi kuchepetsako) kumalowa mu thanki ya chimbudzi chaching'ono. Kutentha kotentha m'gawoli kumafikirabe kuposa madigiri 500 Celsius.

M'mimbamo ya resonator, pali zododometsa zingapo ndi timachubu tomwe timayikidwa moyang'anizana ndi khoma la milatho iyi. Gasi ikalowa mchipinda choyamba kuchokera pa chitoliro chachikulu, kutsika kumagunda mlatho ndikuwonekera. Kuphatikiza apo, akukumana ndi gawo latsopano la mpweya wotulutsa utsi, ndipo gawo lina la voliyumu limalowa kudzera pa chitoliro choboola kulowa mchipinda chotsatira, momwe zimachitikanso chimodzimodzi.

Utsiwo ukalowa m'thamanda, mtsinjewu umasakanizika ndikudutsa pang'ono pamilatho, kuyamwa kwa mafunde amawu kumachitika ndipo mpweyawo umazizira pang'onopang'ono. Kenako imalowa mu chimbudzi chachikulu kudzera pa chitoliro cha utsi, pomwe zimachitika chimodzimodzi, ndimayendedwe ambiri. Kuziziritsa komaliza kwa mpweya ndikukhazikika kwamawu amawu kumachitika mmenemo.

Kuchita bwino kwa injini kumadalira kutuluka kwa chinthuchi. Kutsika kwa utsi kumatsitsa, mpweya wotulutsa utsi umachotsedwa mosavuta pazipilala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti crankshaft isinthe mosavuta, ndipo safunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zina kuchotsa zopserera. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makina otulutsira masewera. Pachifukwa ichi, makinawa ndi okwera kwambiri. Komabe, gawo ili silingathe kuchotsedwa kotheratu m'dongosolo, chifukwa galimotoyo sikhala yolimba popanda pulogalamu yotulutsa.

Zambiri pazokhudza magwiritsidwe antchito ndi zotulutsira zimafotokozedwa padera mu kanemayu:

Chiphunzitso cha ICE Gawo 2: Kutulutsidwa - Kuchokera Kangaude Kutuluka

Kodi resonator imakhala ndi chiyani?

Kutengera mtunduwo, gawo lopanda lidzakhala ndi kapangidwe kake - opanga akupanga zosintha zosiyanasiyana. Botolo la resonator limakhala ndi zipinda zingapo zolekanitsidwa ndi magawo azitsulo. Zinthu izi zimatchedwa zowunikira. Amagwira ntchito yofunikira - amachepetsa kutulutsa kwa utsi ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale chete.

Zowunikirazo zimakhala ndi ma machubu (nthawi zina amakhala ndi zotumphukira) momwe madziwo amalowera mchipinda chotsatira. Mitundu ina imapangidwa yopanda mphako, pomwe ina ili ndi chidindo pakati pa zipinda ndi machubu omwe sangatenthe, ngakhale mpweya wotulutsa utsi umachokera molunjika m'chipinda choyaka moto cha injini. Izi zimaperekanso zina pakuchepa kwa mawu.

Mitundu ya resonators

Opanga amagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe awo achepetsedwe kuti achepetse kulimbana komwe kumatulutsa pulogalamu yamagalimoto, pomwe nthawi yomweyo ndikupangitsa kuti pulogalamuyo ipange phokoso lochepa. Kuyesayesa kosalekeza pakati pa magwiridwe antchito a injini ndi kutulutsa kwadongosolo kwatulutsa mitundu yambiri yama resonator pamsika wamagalimoto.

Zosiyanasiyana zotere ndizovuta kuzigawa, chifukwa chake muwunikowu tidzangotchula mitundu iwiri ya resonators:

• Kwa ma motor-stroke, gawolo ndi lothandiza kwambiri. Galimoto yotere ikuyenda, magetsi amachotsanso pang'ono mafuta osayatsa. Mukachotsa resonator pamoto, izi zimakhudza kwambiri mphamvu zamagetsi zamkati zamkati, komanso, pofuna kuchepetsa kukweza ndikuwonjezera kususuka kwa chipangizocho;
• Kwa injini zamagetsi zinayi, kupezeka kwa resonator, m'malo mwake, kumachepetsa magwiridwe antchito (nthawi zina, miyezo idawonetsa kusiyana kwa 15%). Koma nthawi yomweyo, zisonyezo zachilengedwe zimatsika. Pachifukwachi, wamakono wa dongosolo utsi magalimoto masewera mwina kupatula kukhalapo kwa resonator, kapena m'malo mwachindunji otaya analogue (Mwachitsanzo, wamphamvu).

Resonator yoyenda molunjika

Okonda kukonza magalimoto amayika zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe sizili zokhazikika pamagalimoto awo kuti asinthe momwe magetsi amagwirira ntchito kapena kungofuna kusintha kwamamvekedwe. Malingana ndi chitsanzo cha galimoto ndi dongosolo la utsi, ma resonator oyenda mwachindunji amasintha phokoso la makina otulutsa mpweya ndikusintha pang'ono mphamvu ya injini.

Resonator yoyenda mwachindunji ndi babu yachitsulo yopanda zipinda zomwe zili mkati, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ma resonator akale. M'malo mwake, iyi ndi chitoliro wamba, chokhacho ndi kuchuluka kwake (kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa makina otulutsa ndi kutsitsa mamvekedwe apamwamba) komanso makoma opindika.

Mayeso Ogwira Ntchito

Pamene resonator yalephera, imatha kudziwika ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Pali fungo la mpweya wotulutsa mpweya mu kanyumba;
• Phokoso lamphamvu likuwoneka;
• Utsi ukutuluka pansi, ngati chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya.

Pamene chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi chikuwonekera, muyenera kuyang'ana pansi pa galimoto ndikuyang'ana mkhalidwe wa resonator. Nthawi zambiri, kuyang'ana kowoneka kumakhala kokwanira (mtsuko watenthedwa). Nawa zovuta zina ndi resonator kuti muyang'ane:

1. Zizindikiro za dzimbiri lolowera (zikuwoneka chifukwa cha kukhudzana kosalekeza kwa resonator ndi ma reagents aukali omwe amawazidwa m'misewu, kapena chifukwa cha zovuta);
2. A kupyolera mu dzenje chifukwa cha kupsa mtima kwachitsulo. Izi zimachitika pamene mafuta osayaka amaponyedwa mu chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya;
3. Kuwonongeka kwamakina - kumawonekera chifukwa chakuyendetsa mosasamala pamsewu wamavuto.

Ngati kuyang'anitsitsa kwa resonator sikunapereke zotsatira, ndipo botolo likugwedezeka kwambiri panthawi yoyendetsa galimoto, ndiye kuti mavuto ali mkati mwa botolo. Pachifukwa ichi, gawo limodzi la magawowo likhoza kuchoka kapena ming'oma imodzi imatha kutsekedwa. Nthawi zambiri, koyambirira, resonator yowonongeka imatha kukonzedwa ndi kuwotcherera, koma ngati vuto likuyamba, gawolo liyenera kusinthidwa.

Resonator zizindikiro zolephera

Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito resonator pamakina otulutsa utsi ndi chida chodalirika chomwe chimachepetsa phokoso lagalimoto pakagwiritsidwe ka injini ndikulola kuti galimoto ipambane kuyesa zachilengedwe.

Resonator ikalephera, izi zitha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a mota. Gawo lopatsali sililekanitsidwa, chifukwa chake, pakakhala zovuta zilizonse, zimangosinthidwa kukhala zatsopano.

Zowonongeka zambiri zimapezeka ndi mawu ndipo zimapezeka powunika pakuwona. Nayi zolephera zofala kwambiri za resonator:

• Kubangula kumamveka mota ikuyenda. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati zida zachitsulo zikumenyanirana. Chifukwa - chosonyeza kapena chubu mkati mwa chidebe chatha;
• Kutulutsa mokweza komanso kwapakatikati - thupi latha kapena kuwonongeka. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha kuwotcherera kosavomerezeka kapena kulumikizana koyipa;
• Galimotoyo idataya mphamvu mwadzidzidzi - mkati mwachitini mwina idapunduka, kapena gawo linagwa, lomwe lidatsekereza mpweya wamafuta.

Ngati phokoso la utsi lasintha, pali lingaliro limodzi lokha - vuto lili mu resonator kapena muffler wamkulu, ndipo gawolo liyenera kusinthidwa.

Mavuto a Common Resonator

Nawa mavuto ambiri a resonator ndi mayankho:

Wonongeka	Chifukwa	Momwe mungakonzere
Phokoso lalikulu limamveka pamene injini ikuyenda.	The resonator sikulimbana ndi ntchito yake - sikuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwakukulu. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa botolo (zowotcherera zidagawanika kapena khoma lakunja lapsa)	Weld kuwonongeka ngati kuli kochepa. Choyipa kwambiri, sinthani gawo.
Chatter ndi phokoso lina lochokera ku resonator	Ambiri mwina, mmodzi wa mphanga anapsa kapena kugawa anagwa	Bwezerani Gawo
Kuchepetsa mphamvu zamagalimoto	Chowotchera chapsa. Kuti mutsimikizire izi, muyenera kudziwa mtundu wa utsi, komanso momwe mafuta amagwirira ntchito, makina ogawa gasi komanso kapangidwe kawo.	Ngati n'kotheka, yeretsani chowotchera. Apo ayi, gawolo lasinthidwa ndi latsopano.

Nthawi zambiri, ma resonator amavutika ndi dzimbiri, chifukwa gawo ili limagwirizana nthawi zonse ndi chinyezi ndi dothi. Palibe anti-corrosion wothandizira omwe amathandizira kupewa dzimbiri, chifukwa othandizira onse amawotcha injini ikathamanga (resonator imatentha kwambiri).

Pofuna kupewa kupanga dzimbiri mofulumira, ma resonator amathandizidwa ndi primer yapadera yosagwira kutentha, ndipo amapangidwa ndi chitsulo wamba. Palinso zitsanzo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zotayidwa - njira ya bajeti, yotetezedwa ku chinyezi ndi dothi (wosanjikiza wa aluminiyumu pamwamba pa chitsulo).

Njira yothandiza kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo yamtengo wapatali ndi resonator yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zoonadi, chifukwa cha kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha, gawoli lidzawotcha, koma izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri pambuyo pake.

Zomwe zimachitika mukachotsa resonator

Ngakhale mafani a phokoso lakuthwa la ntchito yotopa ndikuyika makina otulutsa oyenda molunjika. koma osavomerezeka kuchotsa resonator chifukwa:

1. Kugwira ntchito mokweza kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya (phokoso ndi lovuta kwambiri), lomwe ndi lofunika kwambiri poyendetsa galimoto kumalo okhalamo;
2. Kulephera kwa makonzedwe ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri;
3. Kuthamangitsidwa kwa chopondera chachikulu, chifukwa chidzalandira mpweya wotentha kwambiri komanso wotulutsa mwamphamvu;
4. Kuphwanya kugawidwa kwa mafunde odabwitsa mu dongosolo la utsi, zomwe zidzachititsa kuti mphamvu ya injini iwonongeke.

Kusiyidwa kwa resonator yachikale kuyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi kusinthika kwa dongosolo lonse la utsi, lomwe ndi lokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa kusintha gawo lowonongeka.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi resonator ndi chiyani? Ndi mbali ya galimoto yotulutsa mpweya. Resonator imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa phokoso ndi kugwedezeka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya (zimamveka m'kati mwake, monga mu chipinda cha echo).

Kodi resonator imakhudza bwanji mawu? Injini ikamathamanga, mipweya yotulutsa mpweya imatulutsidwamo mwamphamvu kwambiri moti imatsagana ndi kuphulika kogontha. Resonator imachepetsa phokoso la phokoso munjira iyi.

Kodi resonator ndi muffler ndi chiyani? Kuwonjezera phokoso damping, resonator ndi muffler kupereka kuzirala kwa mpweya utsi (kutentha awo, malingana ndi mtundu wa injini, akhoza kufika madigiri 1000).