Kusiyana pakati pa makokedwe ndi mphamvu ...
Chipangizo cha injini

Kusiyana pakati pa makokedwe ndi mphamvu ...

Kusiyana pakati pa torque ndi mphamvu ndi funso lomwe anthu ambiri achidwi amafunsa. Ndipo izi ndizomveka, chifukwa deta ziwirizi ndi zina mwazomwe zimaphunziridwa m'mapepala amtundu wa magalimoto athu. Chifukwa chake zingakhale zosangalatsa kukhazikika pa izi, ngakhale sizingakhale zowonekera kwambiri ...

Kusiyana pakati pa makokedwe ndi mphamvu ...

Choyamba, tiyeni tifotokoze momveka bwino kuti okwatiranawo amadziwonetsera okha Newton, PA Mita ndi mphamvu mkati Mphamvu za akavalo (tikamalankhula za makina, chifukwa sayansi ndi masamu amagwiritsa ntchito Watt)

Kodi ndizosiyanadi?

Ndipotu, sikudzakhala kosavuta kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiriyi, chifukwa imagwirizana. Zili ngati kufunsa kuti pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mkate ndi ufa. Zilibe zomveka, chifukwa ufa ndi gawo la mkate. Zingakhale bwino kufananiza zosakaniza wina ndi mzake (mwachitsanzo madzi vs ufa mu uzitsine) kusiyana ndi kufananitsa chopangira ndi chotsirizidwa.

Tiyeni tiyese kufotokoza zonsezi, koma nthawi yomweyo ziwonetseni momveka bwino kuti thandizo lililonse lochokera kumbali yanu (kudzera mu ndemanga pansi pa tsamba) lidzalandiridwa. Njira zosiyanasiyana zofotokozera izi, ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti azimvetsetsa kulumikizana kwa mfundo ziwirizi.

Mphamvu ndi zotsatira za kugwirizanitsa (mawu olemetsa pang'ono, ndikudziwa bwino ...) liwiro lozungulira.

Masamu, izi zimapereka izi:

( π X Torque mu Nm X Mode) / 1000/30 = Mphamvu mu kW (yomwe imatanthawuza mphamvu ya akavalo ngati pambuyo pake tikufuna kukhala ndi "lingaliro la magalimoto ambiri").

Apa tikuyamba kumvetsetsa kuti kuwafananiza ndi zachabechabe.

Kusiyana pakati pa makokedwe ndi mphamvu ...

Kuwerenga makokedwe a magetsi / magetsi

Palibe chabwino kuposa mota yamagetsi kuti mumvetsetse bwino mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa makokedwe ndi mphamvu, kapena makamaka momwe pali ubale pakati pa makokedwe othamanga ndi liwiro.

Onani momwe mapindikidwe a torque a mota yamagetsi alili omveka, omwe ndi osavuta kumvetsetsa kuposa kupindika kwa injini yotentha. Apa tikuwona kuti timapereka torque yokhazikika komanso yayikulu kumayambiriro kwa kusinthako, komwe kumawonjezera mphamvu yopindika. Zomveka, ndikayika mphamvu zambiri pa ekisi yozungulira, imazungulira mwachangu (ndipo mphamvu yochulukirapo). Kumbali ina, pamene torque ikucheperachepera (pamene ndikukankhira pang'onopang'ono pazitsulo zozungulira, ndikupitiriza kukanikiza mulimonse), mphamvu yamagetsi imayamba kuchepa (ngakhale liwiro lozungulira likupitirirabe). Wonjezani). Kwenikweni, torque ndi "mphamvu yothamanga" ndipo mphamvu ndiyo kuchuluka komwe kumaphatikiza mphamvu iyi ndi liwiro lozungulira la gawo losuntha (angular velocity).

Kodi banjali limachita bwino pazonsezi?

Anthu ena amangofanizira ma motors ndi makokedwe awo kapena pafupifupi. M'malo mwake, ichi ndi chinyengo ...

Kusiyana pakati pa makokedwe ndi mphamvu ...

Mwachitsanzo, ngati ndiyerekeza injini ya petulo yomwe imapanga 350 Nm pa 6000 rpm ndi injini ya dizilo yomwe imapanga 400 Nm pa 3000 rpm, tikhoza kuganiza kuti dizilo ndilo lidzakhala ndi mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri. Chabwino, ayi, koma tidzabwereranso pachiyambi, chinthu chachikulu ndi mphamvu! Mphamvu yokhayo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kufananitsa ma motors (makamaka okhala ndi ma curve…Chifukwa mphamvu yapamwamba sizinthu zonse!).

Kusiyana pakati pa makokedwe ndi mphamvu ...

Zowonadi, pomwe ma torque amangowonetsa makokedwe apamwamba, mphamvu imaphatikizira makokedwe ndi liwiro la injini, chifukwa chake tili ndi zidziwitso zonse (makokedwe okhawo ndi chiwonetsero chochepa chabe).

Ngati tibwerera ku chitsanzo chathu, ndiye kuti titha kunena kuti dizilo imatha kunyadira, ndikupereka 400 Nm pa 3000 rpm. Koma musaiwale kuti pa 6000 rpm ndithudi sangathe kupereka zoposa 100 Nm (tiyeni tidumphe mfundo yakuti mafuta sangafikire matani 6000), pamene mafuta amatha kutulutsa 350 Nm pa liwiro limenelo. Mu chitsanzo ichi, tikufanizira injini ya dizilo ya 200 hp. ndi injini ya mafuta 400 hp (ziwerengero zochokera ku torques zomwe zafotokozedwa), kuchokera kumodzi mpaka pawiri.

Timakumbukira nthawi zonse kuti chinthu chikatembenuka (kapena kupita patsogolo), kumakhala kovuta kuti icho chifike msanga. Chifukwa chake, injini yomwe imapanga torque yayikulu pa rpm ikuwonetsa kuti ili ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso zothandizira!

Kufotokozera mwa chitsanzo

Ndinali ndi lingaliro laling'ono kuti ndiyesere kulingalira zonse, ndikuyembekeza kuti sizinali zoipa. Kodi munayesapo kuyimitsa galimoto yamagetsi yamphamvu yotsika ndi zala zanu (chifaniziro chaching'ono, galimoto yamagetsi mu makina a Mecano pamene munali wamng'ono, etc.).

Ikhoza kupota mofulumira (kunena 240 rpm kapena 4 revolutions pa sekondi iliyonse), tikhoza kuimitsa mosavuta popanda kuiwononga kwambiri (ikukwapula pang'ono ngati pali mapepala a propeller). Izi ndichifukwa choti makokedwe ake siofunikira kwenikweni, chifukwa chake madzi ake (izi zimagwira ntchito zamagetsi zazing'ono zazoseweretsa ndi zina zazing'ono).

Kumbali ina, ngati pa liwiro lomwelo (240 rpm) sindingathe kuimitsa, zikutanthauza kuti torque yake idzakhala yochulukirapo, yomwe idzatsogoleranso ku mphamvu yomaliza (zonse zimagwirizana ndi masamu, zimakhala ngati ziwiya zolankhulana). Koma liwiro silinasinthe. Chifukwa chake, pakuwonjezera makokedwe a injini, ndimakulitsa mphamvu zake, chifukwa pafupifupi

Amuna

X

Kupita mofulumira

= Mphamvu... (njira yosavuta mothandizidwa kuti amvetsetse: Pi ndi zina zomwe zapezeka pamwambapa zachotsedwa)

Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha mphamvu yomweyi (nkuti 5W, koma ndani amasamala) nditha kupeza:

  • Galimoto yomwe imazungulira pang'onopang'ono (mwachitsanzo 1 kusintha pamphindikati) yokhala ndi makokedwe apamwamba omwe sangakhale ovuta kuyimitsa ndi zala zanu (sizimathamanga mwachangu, koma mphamvu yake yayikulu imapatsa mphamvu yayikulu)
  • Kapena galimoto yoyenda 4 rpm koma yopanda torque. Apa, makokedwe apansi amalipidwa ndi liwiro lapamwamba, lomwe limapangitsa kuti likhale ndi inertia yambiri. Koma kuyimitsa ndi zala zanu kumakhala kosavuta ngakhale kuthamanga kwambiri.

Kupatula apo, injini ziwiri zili ndi mphamvu zofanana, koma sizigwira ntchito chimodzimodzi (mphamvu imabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, koma chitsanzocho sichiyimira izi, chifukwa chimangokhala pa liwiro lomwe laperekedwa. amasintha nthawi zonse, zomwe zimabweretsa mphamvu yotchuka ndi makokedwe amphindi). Mmodzi amatembenuka pang'onopang'ono pomwe winayo amatembenukira mwachangu ... Uku ndi kusiyana kochepa pakati pa dizilo ndi mafuta.

Ndicho chifukwa chake magalimoto amayendetsa mafuta a dizilo, chifukwa dizilo ili ndi torque yapamwamba, yomwe ingawononge liwiro lake (liwiro la injini ndilotsika kwambiri). Zowonadi, ndikofunikira kuti tikwanitse kupita chitsogolo, ngakhale tayalavani yolemetsa kwambiri, osakalipira injini, monga zimachitikira ndi mafuta (wina amayenera kukwera nsanja ndikusewera ndi zowalamulira ngati wopenga). Dizilo imatumiza torque yayikulu pama revs otsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kukokera kosavuta ndikukulolani kuti muchoke pagalimoto yoyima.

Kusiyana pakati pa makokedwe ndi mphamvu ...

Ubale pakati pa mphamvu, makokedwe ndi liwiro la injini

Nayi njira yamaluso yomwe wogwiritsa ntchito adagawana nawo mu gawo la ndemanga. Zikuwoneka zomveka kwa ine kuti ndiziyike mwachindunji m'nkhaniyi.

Kuti musasokoneze vutoli ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi:

Mphamvu ndizopangidwa ndi torque pa crankshaft ndi liwiro la crankshaft mu ma radians/sec.

(kumbukirani kuti pakusintha kwa 2 kwa crankshaft pa 6.28 ° pali 1 * pi radians = 360 radians.

Donc P = M *W

P -> mphamvu mu [W]

M -> torque mu [Nm] (Newton mita)

W (omega) - liwiro la angular mu radians / sec W = 2 * Pi * F

Ndi Pi = 3.14159 ndi F = crankshaft liwiro mu t / s.

Chitsanzo chothandiza

Makina a injini M: 210 Nm

Kuthamanga kwamagalimoto: 3000 rpm -> pafupipafupi = 3000/60 = 50 rpm

W = 2 * pi * F = 2 * 3.14159 * 50 t / s = 314 radians / s

Final Au: P = M * W = 210 Nm * 314 rad / s = 65940 W = 65,94 kW

Kutembenukira ku CV (mphamvu ya akavalo) 1 hp = 736 W

Mu CV timapeza 65940 W / 736 W = 89.6 CV.

(Kumbukirani kuti 1 mahatchi ndi mphamvu yapakati ya kavalo yomwe imathamanga mosalekeza popanda kuyima (mu zimango, izi zimatchedwa mphamvu yovotera).

Chifukwa chake tikamalankhula za 150 hp galimoto, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera liwiro la injini kupita ku 6000 rpm ndi torque yomwe imatsalira kapena kutsika pang'ono mpaka 175 Nm.

Chifukwa cha gearbox, yomwe ndi chosinthira makokedwe, ndi kusiyanasiyana, tili ndi kuwonjezeka kwa makokedwe pafupifupi kasanu.

Mwachitsanzo, mu zida za 1, makokedwe a injini pamphepete mwa 210 Nm apatsa 210 Nm * 5 = 1050 Nm pamphepete mwa gudumu loyankhula masentimita 30, izi zidzakupatsani mphamvu yokoka ya 1050 Nm / 0.3 m = 3500 Nm .

Mu fizikiki F = m * a = 1 kg * 9.81 m / s2 = 9.81 N (a = Kuthamanga kwa dziko lapansi 9.81 m / s2 1G)

Chifukwa chake, 1 N imagwirizana ndi 1 kg / 9.81 m / s2 = 0.102 kg yamphamvu.

3500 N * 0.102 = 357 kg mphamvu yomwe imakankhira galimotoyo pamtunda.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti mafotokozedwe ochepawa amalimbitsa chidziwitso chanu chamalingaliro amphamvu ndi makina amakina.

Kuwonjezera ndemanga