Yesani Nthano Zisanu za Rally: Kutsika

Ulendo wopita ku VW "Turtle", Ford RS200, Opel Commodore, BMW 2002 ndi Toyota Corolla

Tiyeni timvenso phula louma pansi pa mawilo. Tiyeni tinunkhirenso mafuta otentha nthawi ina, timvetsere injini zikugwira ntchito kamodzinso - paulendo womaliza wa nyengoyi ndi daredevils asanu enieni. Sitikutanthauza oyendetsa.

Dzanja lotambasulidwa ndi chala chachikulu chinawonekera likuwonetsabe chidaliro pakupambana ndipo mouma khosi kumapitilira kuwonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha kupambana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri othamanga ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndale opambana komanso nyenyezi zosakonzekera za pa TV - ngakhale kuti zakhala zikuchitika mopweteka kwambiri. Ndipo tsopano amayendetsa galimoto, ndipo sikofunikira konse.

Monga chala chachikulu, chosinthira chamagetsi chimatuluka kuchokera pachiwongolero cha Toyota Corolla WRC. Carlos Sainz ndi Didier Auriol adasinthanso magiya asanu ndi limodzi a X Trac transmission ndi kuphulika kwafupipafupi kwa dzanja lamanja. Ndipo tsopano ndichita. Ndikukhulupirira. Zikubwera posachedwa. Tikayang'ana ma acoustics, ma pistoni, ndodo zolumikizira ndi mavavu mu chipika ndi mutu wa silinda wa injini ya silinda inayi ndi kudzaza mokakamiza - ndithudi, pa 299 hp, zololedwa ndi malamulo ndiye - kusuntha kwathunthu chaotically. Makina othamanga amapanga phokoso losakhazikika, mapampu awiriwa amalira kuyesera kuti asunge kupanikizika mu hydraulic system pamlingo wa 100 bar. Mwafika bwanji kuno? Ndikayang'ana m'mbuyo, sindingathe kunena motsimikiza.

Oyimitsidwa pafupi ndi mpikisano wa Corolla ndi ngwazi zina zinayi zomwe zapuma pantchito zomwe zikufuna kunena nkhani zawo kuyambira nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo popeza ngakhale kuyendetsa pang'onopang'ono m'misewu yam'nkhalango ya miyala sikuloledwanso ndi anthu, misewu ya anthu yokha ndiyotsalira - ngati n'kotheka yopangidwa ndi mitu kuchokera ku mbiri ya motorsport, mwachitsanzo, malowa mpaka pamwamba pa Schauinsland ku Black Forest. Apa, kuyambira 1925 mpaka 1984, mochuluka kapena mocheperapo, akatswiri apadziko lonse lapansi pa helm adathamanga panjira ya makilomita 12 ndi dontho lotsika la 780 metres.

Kamba yemwe ali ndi mtima wa Porsche

Ali pafupi kudabwa ndi mantha, Frank Lentfer akuyenda mozungulira VW Turtle yomwe inapikisana nawo ku Mile Mile. Izi siziyenera kutidabwitsa - woyendetsa mayeso a mkonzi amathera nthawi yake yaulere atapaka mafuta m'galimoto yake "Economic Miracle". "Ingoyang'anani woyimba!" Ndipo gwero lakutsogolo losinthika! "Chabwino, ndiwawona.

Koma ngakhale akamba onse a VW sakondedwa kwambiri, chifukwa chakuti Paul Ernst Strele adayendetsa timu yonse popenga maphunziro ku Mile Mile mu 1954. Fiat, chifukwa cha zomwe idasinthidwa mokakamizidwa kuzinthu zina kuti ipambane mkalasi yake, adzakakamizidwa kuyang'ana mgalimotoyi ndi maso osiyana pang'ono. Ngakhale pamenepo, kufalikira kwa Porsche 356 komwe kuli pafupifupi 60 hp kunali kuwira kumbuyo. Komabe, kutenga nawo gawo kwa wotsatila malingaliro omwe akutenga nawo gawo pamsonkhano wapano, zikalatazo zimalemba ma kilowatts 51, ndiye 70 hp, ena mwa omwe injini yamphamvu inayi ikutenga kale kuchokera kuzipinda zoyaka ndi nkhonya. Malo omwe amatchedwa mipando adagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Porsche 550 Spyder ndipo amakhala ndi thupi la aluminiyumu lokutidwa ndi zokutira zopyapyala.

Palibenso zonena za kukhala motorsport - chiwongolero chikadali chochepa thupi ndipo, monga kale, palibe chimango cha rollover. Palibenso malamba othamanga pachifanizirochi chifukwa akadakhala osadalirika m'mbiri. Chifukwa chake, zimadalira malamba wamba kuti atetezeke, komanso luso la oyendetsa kuti atetezeke. Ayenera kudziwa kuti kulondola kwa njira yotumizira ndi chiwongolero ndi yofanana ndi momwe nyengo ikuyendera zaka zitatu. Tiyerekeze kuti izi sizikumveka zokopa kwambiri, koma, choyamba, ndizowona, ndipo kachiwiri, theka lokha. Chifukwa Volkswagen yamasewera ikayamba kumveka mawu ake opusa, mayendedwe ake amakhazikika mwachangu - mwina chifukwa mphamvu za VW mwina ndi zabodza.

"Kamba" akuthamangira kuukira ndi mawu ozama, ofunda, ngati kuti akhazikitsenso chidaliro m'dziko lopwetekedwa ndi nkhondo yowononga, ndipo akufuna kutsimikizira kuti 160 ndipo mwina makilomita ochulukirapo pa ola si ntchito yosatheka. Mnzake Jorn Thomas amakhala motsamira pafupi ndi dalaivala, ndipo mawonekedwe ake sakutanthauza kuti akufuna kukumana nazo - ndipo kunena zoona, sindikufuna. Ndikokwanira kuti munthu ayang'ane kuthamanga kwapakatikati kwa injini ya 1,5-lita ndikuyankha kuyimbirako potengera zida zolondola ndikupeza poyimitsa. Kuwala movutikira kwambiri kwa mtundu wa VW wokhala ndi nyali zisanu ndi imodzi, m'pamenenso amanyamulira pamakona pomwe dalaivala nthawi zambiri amataya chithandizo, chopepuka kuposa chassis chopangidwa ndi Porsche.

Kuitanitsa kwa Commodore

Jorn nayenso amadabwa ndi mphamvu ya "kamba", koma akusonyeza kuti "amalemera makilogalamu 730 okha". Izi zimamukokera ku Opel Commodore. Izi ndizomveka komanso zodziwikiratu. N'zomveka, chifukwa coupe amavumbula tsankho zabodza kuti magalimoto zokongola ayenera kubwera kuchokera Italy (kapena osati Germany). Ndipo izi ndi zodziwikiratu, chifukwa Jorn ali ndi mbiri mu chipinda cha nkhani ngati wothandizira kwambiri Opel.

Kupanda kutero, iye sakonda kwenikweni magalimoto akale, koma akuti akanagula galimoto yokhala ndi nambala ya GG-CO 72 mosazengereza. "Ndi kapangidwe kake, kamvekedwe kake, chida chotani - ntchito yabwino," akutero Jorn posintha zida zake zinayi. Zimangokhala kukweza chala chopambana. Zowonadi, mu 1973, Walter Röhl adayendetsa Commodore B kudutsa m'makona osawerengeka a Monte Carlo Rally ndikumaliza makilomita khumi ndi awiri kuchokera komaliza ndikuyika 18th yonse chifukwa cha kuyimitsidwa kosweka. Injini yamafuta a 2,8-lita yayamba kale kugwira ntchito pansi pa hood yayitali, ndipo kopi yathu, yomwe imapangidwanso mu 1972, ili ndi gawo lapamwamba kwambiri. Imalowetsa ma carburetor awiri a Zenith variable-valve ndi gawo la magalimoto la Opel lokhala ndi mayunitsi atatu a Weber mapasa, kulumpha kutulutsa kwa injini ya 2,5-lita kuchokera 130 mpaka 157 hp. ndi., pafupifupi mpaka mulingo wa injini ya jakisoni. Ngakhale mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino okhala ndi khola lodzitetezera, mipando yothamanga, zotchingira zakutsogolo ndi batire yamagetsi owonjezera, 9:1 compression ratio inline-six imapereka tanthauzo lake la kupsa mtima.

Mu Commodore, dalaivala amakumana ndi ma acoustic m'malo mochita zakuthupi, ndipo amayendetsedwa ndi kufunitsitsa kusintha chiŵerengero chimenecho. M'malo mwake, izi zikutanthauza kusuntha kwa zida mofatsa, kuteteza kupanikizika kosafunikira pa injini mukamakanikiziranso chopondapo chowongolera. Magiya achitatu ndi achinayi sakhala m'malo mwake - wina nthawi zambiri amakhala wamfupi kwambiri, winayo amakhala wotalika kwambiri. Ndipo chiyani? Imafika nthawi yomwe Commodore amatha kukuphunzitsaninso mokwanira kuti akupatseni mtendere wamumtima - kusunthira kuyang'ana pa kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo ndi mikono ya rocket ndi ekseli yakumbuyo yolimba yokhala ndi ma trailer.

Opel iyi idayamba nthawi yomwe magalimoto amtunduwu sankafunika kukhala ndi moyo, chifukwa anali njira yamoyo basi. Udindo woyendetsa chiwongolero chachikulu chamasewera ulibe zovuta, dzanja limapuma modekha pa levulo yayitali yazitali ndi kupindika mu bar. Pamphepo yotseguka, injini ya CIH (yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu ya Opel yokhala ndi camshaft yapamutu) imagwira ntchito ngati njovu popanda choletsa chilichonse, ndipo imadzilimbitsa yokha imathandiza chifukwa nthawi zina carburetor imatsamwa. Ndi chiwongolero cha ZF, chomwe chimakhala ndi 16: 1 servo ratio, kusintha kulikonse kwamayendedwe a 14-inchi kuyenera kulengezedweratu pasadakhale kuti coupe ya 4,61 mita ifike komwe ikupita momveka bwino.

Kuphatikizidwa ndi BMW

Kupatula apo, Commodore ali ngati mkaka wotentha ndi uchi, koma amatumizidwa mugalasi lofiira. Ndipo ngati mungakonde malo ogulitsira mowa wamphamvu ndi Red Bull, mtundu wa BMW 2002 ti rally ulipo. Muchitsanzo chokhala ndi mipando iwiri yokhala ndi ma fender ambiri, Achim Wormbold ndi woyendetsa mnzake John Davenport adamaliza nyengo ya 72 ndi chigonjetso ku Rally Portugal. Masiku ano, injiniya wamagalimoto ndi kuyesa masewera Otto Rupp akuwoneka ngati wasintha kukhala mpando wa Rauno Altonen wa 1969. Osati chifukwa chakuti ndi lalikulu kwambiri kwa iye. "Zilibe kanthu kuti BMW imachokera nthawi yanji - mgwirizano pakati pa chassis, ma transmission ndi mabuleki nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi kwambiri," adatero Rupp.

Zabwino kwambiri - matayala amasewera okhala ndi ma grooves osowa kwambiri safuna kutenthedwa bwino m'misewu yomwe imakutidwa ndi chisanu. Kawiri kawiri, gawo lakumbuyo limagwira ntchito, pomwe gawo loyendetsa lomwe lili ndi mphamvu pafupifupi 190 hp limagwira ntchito. imalembetsa chikhumbo cha woyendetsa ndege kuti afulumire. Ngati timatcha injini kusintha kusintha, kungakhale kunyoza kosayenera - ndi bwino kulankhula za mapangidwe atsopano. Chifukwa m'mbuyomu, Alpina anasinthanso crankshaft, adachepetsa ndodo zolumikizira, adawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mavavu, adakulitsa ma valve ndikuyika camshaft yokhala ndi ngodya yotsegulira madigiri 300 - ndipo zonsezi, monga tanenera kale, ndi zina zonse. . Ngakhale pa 3000 rpm, injini ya silinda inayi imayamba kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka ngati makina oyendetsa, ndipo pa 6000 rpm zikuwoneka ngati gulu lonse lodula mitengo likukhudzidwa.

Panthawiyi, dalaivala anali atayiwala kale kuti zida zoyamba zimasunthira kumanzere ndi kutsogolo, monga ziyenera kukhala mu masewera enieni opatsirana. Panthawiyo, tanthauzo la "masewera" limatanthawuzanso ntchito yowonjezera, yomwe imafunika mphamvu zambiri kuti ifike panjira yomwe mukufuna. Nanga bwanji kusamuka kwake? Mwachidule, monga mawu okha. Mnzake Rupp akulondola kuti BMW iyi ndiyokwanira bwino. Pamodzi ndi kutentha kwa asphalt, matayala ndi injini zimawonjezera kulimba mtima kusuntha malo oyimitsa ndi chiwongolero pafupi ndi ngodya. Ma pedals amakhala olunjika bwino ndipo amalola kuti phokoso likhale laphokoso la mpweya wapakati, pomwe mitengo yozungulira imataya singano zake.

Ndi kupendekeka pang'ono, BMW yamasewera imatuluka pakona, choyamba ndi batire la nyali zothandizira, ndiyeno ndi thupi lonse lautali wa 4,23 mita. Chassis, yomwe inali ndi kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha kuchokera kufakitale, sinafune kusinthidwa kwakukulu kwa injini. Chilichonse chimapangidwa kukhala cholimba pang'ono, chosagwirizana ndi mapindikidwe, chokulirapo - ndipo mwatha. Zotsatira zake, kukhudzana ndi msewu kumakhala kokulirapo, komanso kusowa kwa chiwongolero champhamvu komanso - mwayi womwe nthawi zambiri umanyalanyazidwa ndi magalimoto akale - zipilala zapadenga zoonda zimathandiziranso kuthamangitsidwa mwachangu komanso molondola ndi BMW yapamwamba.

Kuchokera kuunika - mumdima wa Ford

Komabe, ku Ford RS200 kulibe kuphatikizika kwa aquarium. M'malo mwake, palibe mawonekedwe ozungulira pano, ngakhale kusiyana kwa mapiko akumbuyo kukuwonetsa kuyesetsa kwa mainjiniya. Koma dikirani, ife tiri kale kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu - nthawi ya gulu loopsya la B. Kalelo, oyendetsa ndege amayenera kusangalala ngati akanatha kuyang'ana kutsogolo kupyolera mu mphepo yamkuntho (mu RS200 imachokera ku Sierra model) - izi ndizo. momwe opanga digirii amalemekezera zida zawo zamasewera kuti akwaniritse kulemera kochepa komanso nthawi yomweyo mphamvu yayikulu.

Kuphatikiza apo, mfundo yosinthira yomwe idapangidwa ndi injiniya wamkulu wa dipatimenti yamasewera ya Ford idapangitsa kuti pakhale mapaundi owonjezera, chifukwa pamafunika ma driveshaft awiri. Imodzi imatsogolera kuchokera ku injini yomwe ili pakati kupita kumayendedwe pafupi ndi chitsulo chakutsogolo, ndipo inayo imabwerera ku mawilo akumbuyo. Chifukwa chiyani zonsezi? Pafupifupi kulemera bwino bwino. Mosiyana ndi izi, kugawa ma torque pamakina apawiri opatsira omwe ali ndi masiyanidwe atatu olumikizidwa ndi clutch kumatsindika kwambiri kumbuyo: 63 mpaka 47 peresenti. M'mafotokozedwe achidule awa, malo a njira yamagetsi amawoneka ochepa, koma mkati mwake ndi ochuluka kwambiri. Mapazi anga amayenera kukanikizira ma pedals atatu pachitsime chomwe chingapangitse ngalande kukhala yotakata poyerekeza ndi zomwe ndikanachita nditavala nsapato nambala 46? Ndipo si tsiku lililonse phazi lanu lakumanzere limagwera pa cholumikizira chachitsulo cha ceramic chomwe chimafunikira kutentha kwa minofu iliyonse.

Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, ndinakwanitsa kuchita chiyambi chabwino, ndipo ndimphokoso, phokoso laphokoso la injini yosinthira mosavomerezeka, injini yamphamvu yamphamvu zinayi imayendetsa galimoto yamasewera. Garrett turbocharger imafinya 1,8bhp kuchokera pa 250-lita unit, koma mphamvuyo isanadziwike ngakhale, injini yamagetsi inayi iyenera kutuluka koyamba kuchokera mu turbo bore. Pansi pa 4000 rpm, singano ya turbocharger imasunthira pang'ono ndikuyandikira mtengo wokwanira 0,75 bar pamwamba pamalirewa. Peak torque ya 280 Nm imakwaniritsidwa pa 4500 rpm, ndiyeno ndi nthawi yoti mutenge chiwongolero chamasewera chomwe Escort XR3i ikuchita. Servo amplifier? Zamkhutu. Pachifukwa ichi, galimoto imayendetsedwa ndi cholembera chothamangitsira, chomwe, phula louma limatheka kokha pamathamanga omwe akuwonetsa ufulu wonse pamalamulo amsewu.

Kupatula pa clutch ndi chiwongolero, kufalikira kwa ma liwiro asanu kumafunikiranso thupi lokhazikika, chifukwa mkono waufupi wa mpira wa Sierra umadutsa m'mizere ngati ndodo yachitsulo kudzera mu konkriti-youma, inde. Komabe, sizitenga nthawi - mwachitsanzo, ingotulukani m'chigwa cha Stuttgart ndikukwera mapiri akumwera kwa Black Forest - ndipo RS200 idzagwera pamtima, miyendo ndi manja anu. Ngakhale podutsa m'matauni momwe malo operekera zakudya amaperekera zakudya komanso liwiro limangokhala 30 km / h, mtundu wa Ford umatenga zinthu popanda kung'ung'udza. Simomwe amayesera kuyiwala zomwe adachita mu Gulu B? Mu 1986, chala chachikulu chinagwa ndipo mndandanda unafa. Pofika m'chaka cha 1988, Ford inali kugulitsa ma RS200 enanso ngati njira yogulitsira ma 140.

Pakadali pano, pamayendedwe apadziko lonse lapansi, Gulu A likuyesera kale kusunga chidwi pa World Championship; mu 1997, WRC idatulukira, ndipo ili ndi Toyota Corolla. Injini yake ya malita awiri ya turbo idabwereka ku Celica, ndipo ndizosintha zochepa chabe zomwe zidasinthidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mpweya wozizira wothinikizidwa wokhala ndi shawa lowonjezera lamadzi amasunthira pamwamba pa injini molunjika njira yolowera mpweya kuseri kwa grille ya radiator. Chifukwa cha izi, kutentha kwa mpweya wofunikira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi magawo khumi. Komabe, mbiri sinatchule za vuto la kutentha m'maganizo a Carlos Sainz ndi Luis Moya, pomwe anali pamsonkhano "Britannia" mu 1998, gulu lomwelo linasinthiratu kuchoka pamamita 500 lisanafike ndipo linakana kugwira ntchito motalikiranso, kuteteza mutuwo. Kupsa mtima kwanga kwandikumbukirabe mpaka pano.

Phokoso lowopsa mu Toyota WRC

Komabe, mutu wa omangawo unapambana nyengo yotsatira - Toyota isanayang'ane pa F1 chaka cham'mbuyomo kuposa momwe adakonzera. Mwina aku Japan amafunikira...? Muyenera kukhala, mungathe - zilibe kanthu lero. Jochen Ubler, woyesa mutu wathu wodziwa zambiri pamasewera amoto, adzakhala woyamba kuyerekeza kudutsa m'nkhalango ndi mabatani ang'onoang'ono mgalimoto iyi. Zowona, iye samatsatira kugogoda kwa ku Iberia kwa Mo (“mas! Mas! Mas!”), koma mopanda mantha amatsika motsetsereka molunjika ku nkhungu zokwawa. Phokoso la chitoliro cha Bravura chatayika kwinakwake m'nkhalango, ndipo patapita mphindi zochepa mluzu wa malungo a valve overpressure akulengeza kubwerera - komanso kuti galimoto ndi woyendetsa ndege atenthedwa kale - aliyense payekha. "Phokoso lomwe lilipo ndi loyipa - monga momwe mukuthamangira. Nthawi yomweyo, zimangoyambira pa 3500-6500 rpm, "adalengeza Jochen ndipo, mochita chidwi kwambiri, adachita mozengereza kupita ku 2002.

Tsopano ndi ine. Ndimakanikiza pa clutch (chosakanikirana ndi ma disc atatu), ndikumasula mosamala ndikuyamba kukoka, koma osalola kuti galimoto izizimitsidwa. Ndimanyalanyaza maulamuliro onse ndi masinthidwe obalalika pa dashboard ngati kuti ndi kuphulika. Makonda osiyanasiyana amitundu itatu yamagetsi yamagetsi yosiyana? Mwina m'moyo wina wamtsogolo.

Jochen akulondola, ndithudi. Tsopano, ndi singano ya tachometer ikuthwanima 3500, Toyota ya tani 1,2 ikuwoneka kuti ikuphulika ndikuphwanya mawilo ake mu phula. Ndikakwera mwamphamvu pa lever yosinthira, ndipo pali phokoso lamphamvu lomwe likuwonetsa kuti giya yotsatira ikugwiridwa. Ndipo ndiyenera kupita molunjika pamwamba. Nanga bwanji mabuleki? Monga clutch yopanda nthabwala, sanafikebe kutentha kwa ntchito, kotero amadabwa ndi pafupifupi palibe kanthu. Muyenera kuyesanso kangapo. Pa nthawi yomweyi, perekani volley ina kuchokera ku gearbox, mwamsanga mutengere mpweya kachiwiri - zida ziwiri zidzagwira ntchito mwanjira ina. Kumbuyoku kumagwedezeka pang'ono, makutu anga amanjenjemera ndikumveka, kufalikira ndi kusiyanasiyana kumayimba, injini ikulira - tsopano sindikufunika kusokonezedwa. Kufotokozera: tidakali m'dera la liwiro lomwe limaloledwa ndi malamulo. Kodi gehena iyi idzamveka bwanji mwachangu ngati mumva kulira kwa miyala pamapiko opanda kanthu?

Ndinayamba kumumvera chisoni Queen. Palibe galimoto ina mu quintet yomwe imakakamizika kusonyeza bata, grit ndi grit - ngakhale Ford yokwiya. Onse asanu omwe adatenga nawo gawo paulendowo adayimilira kupitilira zomwe zidachitika kale - mwamwayi kwa ife, apo ayi, tidayenera kulankhula za machitidwe othandizira oyendetsa, machitidwe a infotainment ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. M'malo mwake, mu chisangalalo cha kugogomezera kosatsutsika pazochitika zoyendetsa galimoto zopanda cholakwika, timayika zala zathu. Only mkati, ndithudi, chifukwa cha banality wa manja.

Zolemba: Jens Drale

Chithunzi: Hans-Dieter Zeifert