Kupita patsogolo pakudziyimira pawokha kwa magalimoto amagetsi

Kupita patsogolo kowoneka bwino kuyambira 2010 mpaka 2020

Kuyambira pakubwera kwa magalimoto amagetsi pamsika, moyo wa batri wakhala ukukopa chidwi ndi mikangano. Kodi opanga athana ndi vutoli bwanji ndipo ndi kupita patsogolo kotani komwe kwachitika m'zaka khumi zapitazi?

Kudziyimira pawokha kwa Galimoto Yamagetsi: Brake Yambiri Yamsika?

Mu 2019, 63% ya omwe adafunsidwa ku Argus Energy barometer adawona kuti ndizovuta kwambiri zolepheretsa kusamuka kwamagalimoto amagetsi. Oyendetsa galimoto amazengereza kuganiza zokwezanso galimoto yawo kangapo kuti ayende mtunda wautali. Kodi kupanga malo opangira zolipirira anthu onse kungachepetse nkhawa imeneyi? Malo othamanga, omwe amapezeka kwambiri kumalo ochitirako masewera amagalimoto, amabwezeretsa mphamvu zawo pamitundu yambiri pasanathe mphindi 45. Mafani a injini yotentha sangalephere kukumbukira kuti nthawiyi imakhala yayitali kuposa mafuta onse.

Ngakhale kufulumizitsa kutumizidwa kwa malo othamangitsira kungalimbikitse oyendetsa galimoto ena, ziyembekezo zimangoyang'ana pa kudzilamulira komweko.

Mukufuna thandizo kuti muyambe?

Kuchulukitsa kudziyimira pawokha

Malinga ndi lipoti la Global Electric Vehicles Outlook 2021 lokonzedwa ndi International Energy Agency, kudziyimira pawokha kwa magalimoto amagetsi kukupitilirabe bwino kuyambira pomwe adayambitsidwa pamsika. Chifukwa chake, tachoka paulamuliro womwe walengezedwa wa makilomita 211 mu 2015 kupita ku makilomita 338 mu 2020. Nazi zambiri zazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazi:

• 2015: 211 Km
• 2016: 233 Km
• 2017: 267 Km
• 2018: 304 Km
• 2019: 336 Km
• 2020: 338 Km

Ngati kupita patsogolo komwe kwawonedwa pazaka zisanu zoyambirira kuli kolimbikitsa, wina angadabwe ndi kusakhazikika pakati pa 2019 ndi 2020. M'malo mwake, kukula pang'onopang'ono kumeneku kumayendetsedwa ndi kulowa kwa mitundu yocheperako pamsika. Amapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'tawuni, ali ndi mabatire ang'onoang'ono motero sakhalitsa.

Kudziyimira pawokha kwamtundu wamtundu wamtundu munjira

Choncho, oyendetsa galimoto omwe akufunafuna kudziyimira pawokha akhoza kukhala otsimikiza kuti opanga akupitiriza kukonza magalimoto omwe amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali, monga sedans kapena SUVs. Kuti mumvetse izi, ingoyang'anani mphamvu ya batri ya galimoto inayake poyang'ana kusinthika kwa chitsanzo ndi chitsanzo. Tesla Model S, yomwe ikugulitsidwa kuyambira 2012, yawona kudzilamulira kwake kukukulirakulirabe:

• 2012: 426 Km
• 2015: 424 Km
• 2016: 507 Km
• 2018: 539 Km
• 2020: 647 Km
• 2021: 663 Km

Kuwonjezeka kokhazikika kumeneku kwapezedwa kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka, Palo Alto wapanga mabatire akuluakulu ndi akuluakulu pamene akuwongolera pulogalamu yolamulira ya Model S. Imasinthidwa nthawi zonse kuti galimotoyo ikhale yogwira ntchito komanso yowonjezereka.

Zolinga zanthawi yochepa

Kuti apititse patsogolo kudziyimira pawokha kwa magalimoto amagetsi, njira zingapo zikufufuzidwa lero. Ofufuza akuyesera kupanga mabatire kuti agwire bwino ntchito pamene opanga amafuna "kuganiza magetsi" kuchokera ku mapangidwe a galimoto.

Mapulatifomu atsopano a Stellantis a electromotorization

Gulu la Stellantis, wosewera wamkulu pamsika wamagalimoto, akufuna kupanga magalimoto ake osiyanasiyana amagetsi. Kuchokera mu 2023, mitundu 14 ya gululi (kuphatikiza Citroën, Opel, Fiat, Dodge ndi Jeep) ipereka magalimoto omangidwa pa chassis opangidwa ngati nsanja zamagetsi. Uku ndikusintha kwenikweni panthawi yomwe ma EV ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chassis yamitundu yofananira yotentha.

Makamaka, Stellantis akudzipereka kuti ayankhe ma alarms osweka, omwe amakhalabe ofunika kwa madalaivala a EV. Chifukwa chake, opanga adayambitsa nsanja zinayi zoperekedwa ku injini iyi:

• Zing'onozing'ono: zidzasungidwa kumzinda ndi magalimoto amitundu yambiri monga Peugeot e-208 kapena Fiat 500. Pulatifomuyi imalonjeza makilomita a 500.
• Yapakatikati: Pulatifomu iyi idzayikidwa pamagalimoto aatali a sedan. Mabatire ofananira adzapereka ma kilomita 700 mpaka 800.
• Chachikulu: Pulatifomu iyi idapangidwira ma SUV okhala ndi ma kilomita 500.
• Frame: Pulatifomu yachinayi idzasungidwa kwathunthu pamagalimoto amalonda.

Cholinga cha kuyimitsidwa uku ndikuchepetsa pang'ono mtengo wamagetsi. Kuphatikiza pakukulitsa mitunduyi, Stellantis akuyembekezanso kupereka mitundu yotsika mtengo ya EV. Njirayi ikuwoneka kwa oyendetsa galimoto: ku France, mtengo wapamwamba wogula magalimoto amagetsi udakali wochepa pang'ono ndi ndalama zosinthira, koma zikhoza kuchepa m'tsogolomu.

Makilomita 800 odzilamulira mu 2025?

Samsung ndi solid state batri

Malinga ndi opanga, posachedwapa kudziyimira pawokha kwa batire yonyamulidwa kudzakhala kofanana ndi tanki yodzaza! Ofufuza omwe amagwira ntchito ndi mtundu wa Samsung adavumbulutsa lingaliro latsopano lolimba la batri la electrolyte mu Marichi 2020. Pakalipano, mabatire a lithiamu-ion, omwe ali ndi magalimoto ambiri amagetsi, amagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito electrolytes yamadzimadzi kapena mu mawonekedwe a gel; kusinthira ku mabatire olimba a electrolyte kumatanthawuza kuchulukira kwa mphamvu komanso kuyitanitsa mwachangu.

Ndi kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa mabatire achikhalidwe, luso la Samsung ili lithandiza ma EVs kuyenda mpaka ma kilomita 800. Kutalika kwa moyo ndi mkangano wina wokomera batri iyi chifukwa imatha kuyitanidwanso nthawi zopitilira 1000. Ikupitilirabe kupititsa maphunzirowo ... Ngati chithunzi cha Samsung chikulonjeza, pakadali pano palibe chomwe chimanena kuti opanga azigwiritsa ntchito!

SK Innovation ndi Super Fast Charging

Kampani ina yaku South Korea yomwe ikuyesetsa kudziyimira pawokha 800 km ndi SK Innovation. Gululo linalengeza kuti likugwira ntchito pa batri yatsopano, yowonjezera, yowonjezera, yowonjezera, yochokera ku nickel, pamene ikuchepetsa nthawi yolipiritsa pazitsulo zofulumira mpaka mphindi 20! SK Innovation, yomwe ikugulitsa kale kwa wopanga Kia, ikufuna kupititsa patsogolo ndipo ikumanga mafakitale angapo ku Georgia. Cholinga chachikulu ndikukonzekeretsa Ford ndi Volkswagen magalimoto amagetsi opangidwa ndi US.

Pa mtunda wa makilomita 2000?

Zomwe zaka zingapo zapitazo zikanatha pa zopeka za sayansi zitha kukhala zenizeni zenizeni. Gulu la asayansi aku Germany ndi Dutch omwe amagwira ntchito ku Fraunhofer ndi SoLayTec, motsatana, apanga njira yovomerezeka yotchedwa Spatial Atom Layer Deposition.

(SALD). Palibe kusintha kwa chemistry pano, monga momwe zilili ndi aku South Korea Samsung ndi SK Innovation. Kupita patsogolo komwe kunachitika kukugwirizana ndi ukadaulo wa batri. Ofufuzawo anali ndi lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito zinthu zogwira ntchito za ma elekitirodi mu mawonekedwe a wosanjikiza angapo nanometers wandiweyani. Popeza kusonkhanitsa ma ion a lithiamu kumachitika pamtunda, sipafunikanso ma elekitirodi owonjezera.

Chifukwa chake, pa voliyumu yofanana kapena kulemera kwake, njira ya SALD imakulitsa zinthu zitatu zofunika:

• bwino elekitirodi dera
• kuthekera kwawo kusunga magetsi
• kuthamanga liwiro

Chifukwa chake, magalimoto okhala ndi batire ya SALD amatha kukhala ndi mitundu itatu yamitundu yamphamvu kwambiri pamsika pano. Kuthamanganso kutha kuonjezedwa kasanu! Frank Verhage, CEO wa SALD, yemwe adakhazikitsidwa kuti agulitse zatsopanozi, akuti makilomita 1000 a magalimoto a mumzinda ndi makilomita 2000 kwa ma sedan. Mtsogoleriyo akuzengereza kukhazikitsa mbiri yodziyimira payokha, koma akuyembekeza kutsimikizira madalaivala. Ngakhale oyendetsa magalimoto amatha kukhala ndi mphamvu 20 kapena 30% atayenda makilomita 1000, adatero.

Nkhani ina yabwino ndiyakuti njira ya SALD imagwirizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yama cell omwe alipo:

• NCA (nickel, cobalt, aluminiyamu)
• NMC (nickel, manganese, cobalt)
• mabatire olimba a electrolyte

Titha kubetcha ukadaulo uwu umapitilira gawo lachiwonetsero, pomwe SALD ikunena kale kuti ikukambirana ndi opanga magalimoto ena.