Yesani chiwonetsero chagalimoto yosinthira pa Infiniti - VC-Turbo

Kukambirana ndi akatswiri otsogola a Infiniti ndi Renault-Nissan - Shinichi Kaga ndi Alain Raposteau

Alain Raposto akuwoneka wotsimikiza. Wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa mgwirizano wa Renault-Nissan, yemwe ali ndi udindo wopanga injini, ali ndi zifukwa zomveka zochitira izi. Pafupi ndi holo yomwe tikukambiranayi pali malo a Infiniti, kampani yothandiza kwambiri ya Nissan, yomwe lero ikupereka injini yoyamba kupanga VC-Turbo yokhala ndi kusiyanasiyana kwamakina. Mphamvu yomweyo imachokera kwa mnzake Shinichi Kiga, wamkulu wa dipatimenti yamainjini a Infiniti.

Kupambana komwe opanga a Infiniti adapanga ndikwabwino kwambiri. Kupanga kwa injini yamafuta yamafuta osakanikirana mosiyanasiyana ndikosintha kwamakono, komwe, ngakhale kuyeserera kangapo, sikunaperekedwe kwa aliyense mpaka pano. Kuti timvetse tanthauzo la chinthu choterocho, ndibwino kuti tiwerenge mndandanda wathu "Zomwe zimachitika mu injini yamagalimoto", zomwe zimafotokoza njira zoyaka mu injini yamafuta. Apa tikunena, komabe, kuti kuchokera pamawonekedwe a thermodynamic, kukwezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa kupanikizika, injini imachita bwino kwambiri - kuyika mwachidule, chifukwa chake ma tinthu a mafuta ndi mpweya wochokera mlengalenga ali pafupi kwambiri ndipo mankhwala Zomwe zimachitika ndizokwanira kwambiri, kuphatikiza pamenepo, kutentha sikutuluka panja, koma kumangodya tokha tokha.

Kupanikizika kwambiri ndi imodzi mwamaubwino apamwamba a injini ya dizilo kuposa mafuta. Kusweka kwakumapeto kwake ndichinthu chodabwitsa, chomwe chimafotokozedwa bwino munkhani zomwe zikufunsidwa. Katundu wokwera kwambiri, motsatana, valavu yayikulu yopumira (monga ikamathamangitsa kuti ikwaniritse), kuchuluka kwa mafuta osakaniza olowa mu silinda iliyonse ndikokulirapo. Izi zikutanthauza kuthamanga kwakukulu komanso kutentha kwapakatikati. Wotsirizirayo, nawonso, amachititsa kupsyinjika kwamphamvu kwa zotsalira zamafuta zamagetsi kuchokera kumoto woyaka kutsogolo, mapangidwe owonjezera a peroxides ndi ma hydroxerxes otsalira ndikuyambitsa kuyaka kwaphulika mu injini, komwe kumathamanga kwambiri. , mphete yachitsulo komanso kufalikira kwenikweni kwa mphamvu zopangidwa ndi zotsalira zotsalira.

Kuti muchepetse izi pamitundumitundu (zachidziwikire, chizolowezi cha kuphulika chimadalira pazinthu zina monga kutentha kwakunja, kuziziritsa ndi kutentha kwamafuta, kupopera mafuta, ndi zina zotero) opanga amakakamizidwa kuti achepetse kukakamizidwa. Ndi izi, komabe, amataya molingana ndi magwiridwe antchito a injini. Zonsezi zili pamwambazi ndizowona pamaso pa turbocharging, chifukwa mpweya, ngakhale utakhazikika ndi intercooler, umalowabe chisanadze chopanikizika muzipilala. Izi zikutanthauzanso mafuta ambiri komanso chizolowezi chophulika. Pambuyo poyambitsa misisi yochepetsera turbocharged, vutoli lidawonekera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, opangawo amalankhula za "geometric compression ratio", yomwe imatsimikizika ndi kapangidwe ka injini ndi "zenizeni" pomwe choyambitsa chisanachitike chimaganiziridwa. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale m'makina amakono a turbo omwe ali ndi jekeseni wachindunji wamafuta, womwe umagwira gawo lofunikira pakuziziritsa kwamkati kwa chipinda choyaka ndikutsitsa kutentha kwapakati pazoyaka, motsatana chizolowezi cha kuphulika, kuchuluka kwa psinjika sikupitilira 10,5: 1.

Koma chingachitike ndi chiyani ngati kuchuluka kwa ma geometric compression kungasinthe pakugwira ntchito. Kukhala okwera pamitundu yotsika komanso yopanda malire, kufikira zolingalira zazing'ono ndikuchepetsedwa pamavuto othamanga kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kutentha m'miziramo kuti mupewe kuphulika. Izi zitha kuloleza kuthekera kokulitsa mphamvu ndi turbocharging ndi kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri, motero mafuta amachepetsa.

Apa, atagwira ntchito zaka 20, injini ya Infiniti ikuwonetsa kuti izi ndizotheka. Malinga ndi Raposto, ntchito yomwe maguluwo adalemba kuti apange idali yayikulu ndipo zotsatira za kuzunzika kwa tantalum. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yayesedwa malinga ndi kapangidwe ka injini, mpaka zaka 6 zapitazo izi zidakwaniritsidwa ndipo kusintha koyenera kudayamba. Dongosololi limalola kusintha kwamphamvu kosasunthika kwa kuchuluka kwama psinjika kuyambira 8: 1 mpaka 14: 1.

Ntchito yomanga yokha ndiyabwino: Ndodo yolumikizira yamphamvu iliyonse siyimayendetsa mayendedwe ake molunjika ku ndodo zolumikizira za crankshaft, koma kupita pakona imodzi yolumikizira yapakatikati yokhala ndi bowo pakati. Chipangizocho chimayikidwa pakhosi lolumikiza ndodo (ili potsegulira kwake) ndikulandila mphamvu yolumikizira ndodo kumapeto kwake imafikitsa kukhosi popeza chipangizocho sichimazungulira, koma chimayenda modabwitsa. Kumbali ina ya unit yomwe ikufunsidwayo pali makina othandizira omwe amakhala ngati othandizira. Ndondomeko ya lever imazungulira chipangizocho mozungulira, motero kusunthira cholumikizira cha ndodo yolumikizira mbali inayo. Kuyenda kosakanikirana kwapakatikati kumasungidwa, koma olamulira ake amazungulira motero amatenga malo osiyanasiyana oyambira ndi kutha kwa ndodo yolumikizira, motsutsana ndi pisitoni ndikusintha kwamphamvu pamlingo wopanikizika kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri.

Munganene - koma izi zimapangitsa injiniyo kukhala yopanda malire, imayambitsa njira zatsopano zosunthira, ndipo zonsezi zimabweretsa kukangana ndi misala yambiri. Inde, pakuwona koyamba zili choncho, koma ndi makina a injini VC-Turbo pali zochitika zina zosangalatsa kwambiri. Zowonjezera zazitsulo zilizonse zolumikizira, zoyendetsedwa ndi njira yofananira, zimayendetsa bwino mphamvu yachiwiri, kuti ngakhale kusunthika kwake kwa ma lita awiri, injini yamphamvu inayi sifunikira kuyimitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, popeza ndodo yolumikizira siyimayenda mozungulira, koma imatumiza mphamvu ya pisitoni kumapeto amodzi, imakhala yocheperako komanso yopepuka (izi zimadalira mphamvu zonse zovuta zomwe zimafalikira munjira yomwe ikufunsidwayo). ) ndipo - koposa zonse - ali ndi sitiroko yopepuka m'munsi mwake mwa 17 mm yokha. Mphindi yakusokonekera kwakukulu imapewedwa mu injini zodziwika bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pisitoni iyambike kuchokera kumtunda wakufa, pomwe ndodo yolumikizira imakanikizira pa crankshaft axis ndi zotayika ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi a Mess.Raposto ndi Kiga, zolakwazo zimathetsedwa. Chifukwa chake maubwino osintha mwamphamvu kuchuluka kwa kukakamira, komwe kumakhazikitsidwa chifukwa choyikidwiratu potengera mayeso a benchi ndi mayendedwe (maola masauzande ambiri), popanda kufunika kaye mu nthawi yeniyeni zomwe zikuchitika mu injini. Zoposa 300 eni luso atsopano ali Integrated mu makina. Chikhalidwe cha avant-garde chakumapeto chimaphatikizaponso makina opangira jekeseni wamafuta omwe ali ndi jakisoni wa jekeseni wachindunji wa silinda, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyambira kuzizira komanso katundu wambiri, komanso jakisoni m'malo olowera m'malo operekera zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azisunthika komanso zing'onozing'ono kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono. Chifukwa chake njira yovuta ya jakisoni imapereka zabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zachidziwikire, injini ikufunikiranso kachitidwe kake kopitilira muyeso, chifukwa njira zomwe tafotokozazi zili ndi njira zapadera zamagetsi, zomwe zimathandizira njira zazikulu mu crankshaft.

Zotsatira zake ndikuti injini yamphamvu yamafuta anayi yokhala ndi 272 hp. ndipo 390 Nm ya torque idzawononga 27% yochepera mafuta kuposa injini yapamtunda yamphamvu yamphamvu isanu ndi umodzi yamphamvu pafupi ndi mphamvuyi.

Lemba: Georgi Kolev, nthumwi yapadera yamagalimoto oyendetsa masewerawa Bulgaria ku Paris