Malamulo Apamsewu. Luso la magalimoto ndi zida zawo.

31.1

Luso lagalimoto ndi zida zawo ziyenera kutsatira zofunikira za miyezo yokhudzana ndi chitetezo chamisewu komanso kuteteza zachilengedwe, komanso malamulo aukadaulo, malangizo opanga ndi zolemba zina zowongolera komanso zaluso.

31.2

Kugwira ntchito kwa ma trolleybus ndi ma trams ndikoletsedwa pakakhala kusokonekera kulikonse komwe kwatchulidwa m'malamulo ogwirira ntchito agalimoto.

31.3

Kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto ndikoletsedwa malinga ndi lamulo:

a)	pa nkhani yopanga kapena kutembenuza komwe kumaphwanya mfundo, malamulo ndi malamulo okhudzana ndi chitetezo chamumsewu;
b)	ngati sanapereke lamulo lovomerezeka (pamagalimoto oyang'aniridwa);
c)	ngati ma layisensi sakukwaniritsa zofunikira;
d)	ngati kuphwanya njira zokhazikitsira ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zowunikira ndi zomveka.

31.4

Ndikoletsedwa kuyendetsa magalimoto molingana ndi malamulo pomwe pali zovuta zina komanso osatsatira izi:

Machitidwe a Braking:

a)	kamangidwe ka mabuleki asinthidwa, mabuleki amadzimadzi, mayunitsi kapena magawo amtundu wina agwiritsidwa ntchito omwe sanapatsidwe mtundu wamagalimoto kapena samakwaniritsa zofunikira za wopanga;
b)	mfundo zotsatirazi zimapitilira pakuyesedwa kwa mseu wama braking system: Mtundu wamagalimoto Braking mtunda, m, osapitilira Magalimoto ndi zosintha zawo zoyendera katundu 14,7 Mabasi 18,3 Magalimoto okhala ndi misa yokwanira mpaka 12 t kuphatikiza 18,3 Magalimoto okhala ndi misa yololedwa kuposa 12 t 19,5 Masitima apamsewu, mathirakitala ake ndimagalimoto komanso kusintha kwawo kunyamula katundu 16,6 Masitima apamsewu okhala ndi magalimoto ngati mathirakitala 19,5 Njinga zamoto ziwiri ndi njinga zamoto 7,5 Njinga zamoto zokhala ndi ma trailer 8,2
	Mtengo woyenera wa mtunda wa mabuleki wamagalimoto opangidwa chaka cha 1988 chisanafike amaloledwa kupitilira osapitilira 10 peresenti yamtengo woperekedwa patebulo.
	Mfundo: 1. Mayesero a dongosolo brake ntchito ikuchitika pa yopingasa gawo la msewu ndi yosalala, youma, woyera simenti kapena phula konkire pamwamba pa galimoto liwiro kumayambiriro braking: 40 Km / h - kwa magalimoto, mabasi ndi msewu. masitima apamtunda; 30 Km / h - kwa njinga zamoto, mopeds ndi njira ya mphamvu imodzi pa amazilamulira ananyema dongosolo. Zotsatira zoyesa zimawonedwa ngati zosasangalatsa ngati, panthawi ya braking, galimotoyo imatembenuka pakona yoposa madigiri 8 kapena ikhala mumsewu wopitilira 3,5 m. 2... Mtunda wa mabuleki umayesedwa kuyambira pomwe buleki (chogwirira) imakanikizidwa mpaka galimoto ikaima;
c)	zolimba hayidiroliki ananyema pagalimoto;
d)	kulimba kwa pneumatic kapena pneumohydraulic brake drive kwasweka, komwe kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndikuchotsa injini ndi ma 0,05a MPa (0,5 kgf / sq. cm) osapitilira mphindi 15 mu mphindi XNUMX pomwe ma brake system amayendetsedwa;
e)	kuthamanga kwa pneumatic kapena pneumohydraulic brake drive sikugwira ntchito;
e)	makina oyimitsa magalimoto, injini ikadodometsedwa kuchokera pakufalikira, sikuwonetsetsa kuti pakukhazikika: magalimoto okhala ndi katundu wathunthu - pamalo otsetsereka osachepera 16%; galimoto zonyamula, zosintha zawo zonyamula katundu, komanso mabasi oyenda - otsetsereka osachepera 23%; magalimoto odzaza ndi sitima zapamsewu - pamalo otsetsereka osachepera 31%;
e)	chogwirizira (chogwirira) cha dongosolo loyimitsa magalimoto sichitsekera pamalo ogwirira ntchito;

Utsogoleri 31.4.2:

a)	sewero lathunthu limaposa malire awa: Mtundu wamagalimoto Chepetsani mtengo wazobwerera konseko, madigiri, osatinso Cars ndi magalimoto ndi pazipita kololeka kulemera kwa 3,5 t 10 Mabasi okhala ndi kulemera kovomerezeka kokwanira mpaka 5 t 10 Mabasi okhala ndi zolemetsa zolekerera zoposa 5 t 20 Magalimoto okhala ndi misa yololedwa kuposa 3,5 t 20 Magalimoto ndi mabasi atasiya 25
b)	pali mayendedwe amgwirizano azigawo ndi magawo owongolera kapena mayendedwe awo okhudzana ndi thupi (chassis, cab, chimango) chagalimoto, zomwe sizinapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kake; maulumikizidwe amtundu ndi otayirira kapena osakhazikika bwino;
c)	Kuwonongeka kapena kusowa chiwongolero champhamvu champhamvu kapena chiwongolero (pa njinga zamoto);
d)	Zida zokhala ndi mapangidwe osintha kwamuyaya ndi zolakwika zina zimayikidwa mu chiwongolero, komanso magawo ndi madzi amadzimadzi omwe sanaperekedwe pagalimoto iyi kapena samakwaniritsa zofunikira za wopanga;

Zipangizo zowunikira zakunja:

a)	kuchuluka, mtundu, mtundu, mayikidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito azida zowunikira zakunja sizikukwaniritsa zofunikira za kapangidwe kagalimoto;
b)	kusintha kwa nyali kwasweka;
c)	nyali yam'manja yoyang'ana kumanzere siyiyatsa pamayendedwe otsika;
d)	palibe zoyatsira pazida zowunikira kapena zoyatsira ndi nyali zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zosagwirizana ndi mtundu wa chida chowunikirachi;
e)	zoyatsira zida zowunikira ndizotenthedwa kapena zokutidwa, zomwe zimachepetsa kuwonekera kwawo kapena kupititsa pang'ono.

Mfundo:

1. 1. Njinga zamoto (mopeds) zitha kukhalanso ndi nyali imodzi, magalimoto ena awiri. Magetsi a utsi amayenera kuyikidwa kutalika kwa 250mm. kuchokera pamsewupo (koma osakwera kuposa magetsi oyatsidwa) kuchokera pamiyeso yakunja m'lifupi.

1. 1. Amaloledwa kukhazikitsa nyali imodzi kapena ziwiri zofiira kumbuyo kwa magalimoto pamtunda wa 400-1200mm. ndipo osayandikira kuposa 100mm. kwa magetsi ananyema.

1. 1. Kuyatsa magetsi a utsi, magetsi akhungu am'mbuyo akuyenera kuchitidwa munthawi yomweyo poyatsa magetsi oyatsa ndi kuyatsa chiphaso (choviikidwa kapena nyali zazikulu zadothi).

1. 1. Amaloledwa kukhazikitsa nyali imodzi kapena ziwiri zowonjezera mabuleki ofiira pagalimoto yonyamula ndi basi pamtunda wa 1150-1400mm. kuchokera pamsewu.

31.4.4 zopukutira zenera lakutsogolo ndi makina ochapira:

a)	zopukuta sizigwira ntchito;
b)	makina ochapira magalasi omwe amapangidwa ndi kapangidwe ka magalimoto samagwira ntchito;

Mawilo ndi matayala a 31.4.5:

a)	Matayala amgalimoto zonyamula anthu ndi magalimoto okhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu mpaka 3,5 t amakhala ndi zotsalira zotsika zosakwana 1,6 mm, pamalori okhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu kopitilira 3,5 t - 1,0 mm, mabasi - 2,0 mm, njinga zamoto ndi mopeds - 0,8 mm. Kwa matayala, zikhalidwe za kutalika kwa zotsalira za matayala zimakhazikitsidwa, zofanana ndi zikhalidwe za matayala a magalimoto a thirakitala;
b)	matayala ali ndi kuwonongeka kwanuko (mabala, zopumira, ndi zina zambiri), kuwonetsa chingwe, komanso kuwonongeka kwa nyama, kuponda chopondera ndi khoma lammbali;
c)	matayala safanana ndi mtundu wamagalimoto kukula kwake kapena katundu wololedwa;
d)	pa chitsulo chogwira matayala chimodzi cha galimoto, matayala okondera amaikidwa pamodzi ndi ozungulira, okhala ndi matumba osakhazikika, osazizira chisanu komanso osazizira chisanu, matayala amitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena mapangidwe, komanso matayala amitundu yosiyanasiyana okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopondera yamagalimoto, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopondera - yamagalimoto;
e)	matayala ozungulira amaikidwa kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo, ndi matayala opendekera kwina (enawo);
e)	matayala omwe amatha kuwerengedwanso amaikidwa kutsogolo kwa basi yoyenda moyenda mtunda, ndipo matayala omwe amawerengedwanso molingana ndi gulu lachiwiri lokonzekera amaikidwa pazitsulo zina;
e)	kutsogolo kwa magalimoto ndi mabasi (kupatula mabasi omwe amayendetsa mayendedwe apakati), matayala amaikidwa, abwezeretsedwanso malinga ndi kukonza kwachiwiri;
ndi)	mulibe zomangira (mtedza) kapena pali ming'alu mu disc ndi zoyendera zamagudumu;

Zindikirani: Mukamagwiritsa ntchito galimoto mosadukiza pamisewu pomwe njira yonyamula anthu imakhala yoterera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito matayala omwe amafanana ndi momwe akuyendera.

Injini ya 31.4.6:

a)	zomwe zili ndi zinthu zovulaza mu utsi wamafuta kapena utsi wawo zimapitilira zikhalidwe zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi miyezo;
b)	mafuta akutayikira;
c)	dongosolo utsi ndi olakwika;

Zina mwazinthu zina:

a)	kulibe magalasi, magalasi oyang'ana kumbuyo operekedwa ndi kapangidwe ka galimoto;
b)	phokoso lamawu siligwira ntchito;
c)	zinthu zowonjezera zimayikidwa pagalasi kapena zokutidwa ndi zokutira zomwe zimalepheretsa kuwoneka pampando wa driver ndikuwononga kuwonekera kwake, kupatula chizindikiritso chodzipangira cha RFID pakadutsa njira yoyendetsera ukadaulo wamagalimoto, yomwe ili kumtunda kwakumanja kwa galasi lakutsogolo (mkati) lagalimoto, malinga ndi kuwongolera koyenera kwaukadaulo (kusinthidwa pa 23.01.2019). Taonani: Mafilimu amtundu wowonekera amatha kumangirizidwa kumtunda kwa galasi lamagalimoto ndi mabasi. Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito galasi losalala (kupatula galasi lamagalasi), kufalitsa kowala komwe kumakwaniritsa zofunikira za GOST 5727-88. Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito makatani pazenera zam'mbali zamabasi
d)	Zitseko za thupi kapena zitseko zamagalimoto zopangidwa ndi mapangidwe sizikugwira ntchito, maloko ammbali mwa nsanja yonyamula katundu, maloko a khosi la akasinja ndi akasinja amafuta, njira yosinthira mpando wa driver, zotuluka mwadzidzidzi, zida zowatsegulira, zoyendetsa zitseko, liwiro, odometer (yowonjezera 23.01.2019/XNUMX/XNUMX), tachograph, chida chotenthetsera ndi kupangira galasi
e)	tsamba lazu kapena chapakati pa kasupe chawonongeka;
e)	kukoka kapena gudumu lachisanu la thirakitala ndi cholumikizira ngolo mu sitima yapamsewu, komanso zingwe zachitetezo (maunyolo) zoperekedwa ndimapangidwe awo, ndizolakwika. Pali backlashes mu mafupa a njinga yamoto yamoto yokhala ndi chimango cham'mbali;
e)	palibe bampala kapena chitetezo chakumbuyo chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kapangidwe kake, ma apuloni akuda ndi ziphuphu zamatope;
ndi)	kusowa: chida chothandizira choyamba chodziwika ndi mtundu wa galimoto yomwe idapangidwira, pa njinga yamoto yokhala ndi ngolo yam'mbali, galimoto yonyamula, galimoto, thirakitala yamagalimoto, basi, minibus, trolleybus, galimoto yonyamula katundu wowopsa; chikwangwani choyimitsa mwadzidzidzi (kuwala kofiira kofiira) komwe kumakwaniritsa zofunikira za muyezo - pa njinga yamoto yokhala ndi kalavani yammbali, galimoto yonyamula anthu, galimoto, thalakitala lamatayala, kapena basi; pa magalimoto okhala ndi zolemetsa zolemera matani 3,5 komanso m'mabasi okhala ndi zolemera zolemera matani 5 - magudumu (osachepera awiri); ma beacon oyatsa pagalimoto pa magalimoto olemera komanso akulu, pamakina olima, omwe mulifupi mwake amapitilira 2,6 m; chozimitsira moto choyenera pagalimoto, galimoto, basi. Mfundo: Mtundu, mtundu, malo oyikapo zozimitsira moto zina zomwe magalimoto onyamula nyukiliya komanso zinthu zina zowopsa zimatsimikizika malinga ndi mayendedwe a katundu wina wowopsa. Chida chothandizira choyamba, mndandanda wa mankhwala omwe amakumana ndi DSTU 3961-2000 yamtundu wagalimoto, ndi chozimitsira moto chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa m'malo omwe wopanga amapanga. Ngati malowa sanaperekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka galimotoyo, zida zoyambira ndi zozimitsira moto ziyenera kupezeka m'malo osavuta kupeza. Mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa zozimitsira moto ziyenera kutsatira mfundo zokhazikitsidwa. Zozimitsa moto, zomwe zimaperekedwa kumagalimoto, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ku Ukraine malinga ndi malamulo.
g)	mulibe malamba apampando ndi zotchinga m'mutu mgalimoto momwe kukhazikitsa kwawo kumaperekedwa ndi kapangidwe kake;
h)	Malamba apampando samagwira ntchito kapena ali ndi misozi yooneka pa zingwe;
ndi)	njinga yamoto ilibe zotetezera zoperekedwa ndi kapangidwe kake;
ndi)	pa njinga zamoto ndi njinga zamoto palibe mipando yopangira mapangidwe, pachishalo palibe zoyendetsa zonyamula wokwera;
j)	nyali ndi magetsi oyatsira kumbuyo kwa galimoto yonyamula katundu wamkulu, wolemera kapena wowopsa, komanso ma beacon owala, zinthu zobwezeretsa kumbuyo, zizindikiritso zomwe zaperekedwa mundime 30.3 ya Malamulowa zikusowa kapena ndizolakwika.

31.5

Pakachitika zovuta pamsewu womwe watchulidwa mundime 31.4 ya Malamulowa, woyendetsa amayenera kuchitapo kanthu, ndipo ngati izi sizingatheke, sinthani njira yayifupi kwambiri yoyimikapo magalimoto kapena kukonza, poyang'ana njira zachitetezo mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za ndime 9.9 ndi 9.11 ya Malamulowa. ...

Pakachitika zovuta panjira yotchulidwa m'ndime 31.4.7 ("ї»;«д” - monga gawo la sitima yapamsewu), kuyenda kwina kumaletsedwa mpaka atachotsedwa. Dalaivala wagalimoto yolumala akuyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti ayichotse panjira.

31.6

Kusuntha kwina kwa magalimoto, komwe

a)	dongosolo loyimitsa ma braking kapena chiwongolero sichilola kuti driver ayimitse galimotoyo kapena kuyendetsa kwinaku akuyendetsa mwachangu;
b)	usiku kapena m'malo osawoneka bwino, nyali kapena zoyatsira kumbuyo sizimayatsa;
c)	nthawi yamvula kapena chipale chofewa, chowombetsa pagalimoto sichimagwira;
d)	chingwe chokwera sitima yapamsewu chawonongeka.

31.7

Ndikoletsedwa kuyendetsa galimoto poyiyendetsa pamalo apadera kapena pamalo oimikapo apolisi apadziko lonse milandu itakhazikitsidwa.

Bwererani ku zomwe zili mkati