Malamulo Apamsewu. Zapadera

1.1.

Malamulowa, malinga ndi Lamulo la Ukraine "Pa Road Traffic", akhazikitsa dongosolo logwirizana lamagalimoto ku Ukraine.

Malamulo ena okhudzana ndi mawonekedwe amisewu (mayendedwe apadera, mayendedwe amtundu wina wamagalimoto, magalimoto obisika, ndi zina zambiri) akuyenera kutengera zofunikira za Malamulowa.

1.2

Magalimoto akudzanja lamanja akhazikitsidwa ku Ukraine.

1.3

Ogwiritsa ntchito misewu akuyenera kudziwa ndikutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo amenewa, komanso kuti akhale aulemu.

1.4

Wogwiritsa ntchito mseu aliwonse ali ndi ufulu wodalira anthu ena ogwiritsa ntchito misewu kutsatira malamulowa.

1.5

Zochita kapena kusachita kwa ogwiritsa ntchito misewu ndi anthu ena siziyenera kupanga ngozi kapena cholepheretsa magalimoto, kuwopseza moyo kapena thanzi la nzika, kapena kuwononga zinthu.

Yemwe adapanga zikhalidwe zotere akuyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti ateteze misewu pagawoli ndikuchita zonse zotheka kuti athetse zopinga, ndipo ngati izi sizingatheke, chenjezani ogwiritsa ntchito ena pamsewu, dziwitsani gulu lovomerezeka la National Police, mwini misewu kapena kwa thupi lovomerezedwa ndi iye.

1.6

Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito misewu pazinthu zina, poganizira zofunikira za Zolemba 36-38 za Lamulo la Ukraine "Panjira Zazikulu".

1.7

Madalaivala ayenera kukhala tcheru makamaka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito misewu monga oyendetsa njinga, ogwiritsa ntchito njinga ya olumala ndi oyenda pansi. Ogwiritsa ntchito misewu onse ayenera kukhala osamala kwambiri pokhudzana ndi ana, okalamba komanso anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zolemala (monga zasinthidwa pa Julayi 11.07.2018, XNUMX).

1.8

Zoletsa zamagalimoto, kupatula zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi Malamulowa, zitha kukhazikitsidwa m'njira yokhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo.

1.9

Anthu omwe amaphwanya Malamulowa ali ndi mlandu malinga ndi lamulo.

1.10

Mawu omwe aperekedwa mu Malamulowa ali ndi tanthauzo ili:

basi - galimoto yokhala ndi mipando yoposa isanu ndi inayi, kuphatikiza mpando wa woyendetsa, womwe, mwa kapangidwe ndi zida zake, idapangidwa kuti izitha kunyamula okwera ndi katundu wawo ndi chitetezo chofunikira;

msewu - msewu womwe:

• • omangidwa mwapadera kuti azitha kuyendetsa magalimoto, osakonzekera kulowa kapena kuchoka kudera loyandikana nalo;

• • ili ndi mayendedwe osiyana panjira iliyonse yakuyenda, olekanitsidwa wina ndi mnzake ndi mzere wogawa;

• • sikuwoloka pamsewu womwewo misewu ina, njanji ndi njanji, njanji za anthu oyenda ndi njinga, njira zanyama, ili ndi mpanda m'mbali mwa mseu ndi mzere wogawika, komanso imatchingidwa ndi ukonde;

• • chodindidwa ndi chikwangwani cha pamsewu 5.1;khwalala, mseu (mseu) - gawo lachigawo, kuphatikiza malo okhala, omwe amayenera kuyendetsa magalimoto ndi oyenda pansi, okhala ndi nyumba zonse (milatho, malo opitilira, kuwoloka, pamwamba ndi poyenda pansi) ndi zida zoyang'anira magalimoto, ndi Kuchepa m'lifupi ndi m'mphepete mwakunja kwa misewu yanjira kapena m'mphepete kumanja kwa njira. Mawuwa akuphatikizaponso misewu yakanthawi kokhazikika, kupatula misewu yokhotakhota (njanji);

misewu yofunika mdziko lonse  - misewu yamagalimoto yogwiritsa ntchito wamba, yomwe misewu yapadziko lonse lapansi, yapadziko lonse ndi yoyandikira, ikuwonetsedwa ndi zikwangwani zofananira;

sitima yapamsewu (zoyendera) - galimoto yoyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yolumikizidwa ndi ngolo imodzi kapena zingapo pogwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira;

mtunda wotetezeka - Mtunda wagalimoto yomwe ikuyenda kutsogolo pamsewu womwewo, womwe, pakachitika mabuleki mwadzidzidzi kapena kuyimilira, umalola kuti woyendetsa galimotoyo abwerere kumbuyo kuti apewe kugunda popanda kuchita chilichonse;

nthawi yotetezeka - Mtunda pakati pa mbali zam'mbali zamagalimoto oyenda kapena pakati pawo ndi zinthu zina, pomwe chitetezo chamsewu chimatsimikizika;

liwiro lotetezeka - liwiro lomwe dalaivala amatha kuyendetsa bwino galimoto ndikuwongolera mayendedwe ake munjira zina;

kukoka (kukoka) - kuyenda ndi galimoto imodzi yamagalimoto ena omwe siogwirira ntchito masitima apamsewu (sitima zoyendera) panjira yolimba kapena yosinthasintha kapena mwa njira yokwera pang'ono papulatifomu kapena chida china chothandizira;

njinga  galimoto, kupatula ma wheelchair, yoyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yamunthu yamunthuyo;

Wokwera njinga - munthu woyendetsa njinga;

Njira ya njinga - njanji yolowa pamsewu kapena panjira, yopangidwira njinga zamoto komanso yolemba chizindikiro cha msewu 4.12;

mawonekedwe panjira yapaulendo - kutalika kwake komwe malire amisewu ndi komwe ogwiritsa ntchito amayenera kudziwika bwino kuchokera pampando wa woyendetsa, zomwe zimalola kuti driver azitha kuyendetsa, makamaka kusankha liwiro lotetezeka ndikuyendetsa bwino;

mwini galimoto - munthu kapena bungwe lovomerezeka lomwe lili ndi ufulu wokhala ndi katundu m'galimoto, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zikalata zofunikira;

dalaivala - munthu amene amayendetsa galimoto ndipo ali ndi layisensi yoyendetsa (layisensi ya driver wa thirakitala, chilolezo chakanthawi kololedwa kuyendetsa galimoto, kuponi kwakanthawi kofikira kuyendetsa galimoto) la gulu lomweli. Dalaivala ndi munthu amene amaphunzitsa kuyendetsa galimoto, kukhala molunjika mgalimoto;

kuyimitsidwa mokakamizidwa - kutha kwa kuyenda kwa galimotoyo chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwake kapena kuwopsa kwa zoyendetsa, boma la wogwiritsa ntchito msewu, kuwonekera kwa cholepheretsa magalimoto;

azithunzi omwe tikunena ndi kuchepetsa kulemera - kuwunika kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa galimoto (kuphatikiza galimoto yoyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu), kalavani ndi katundu kuti zigwirizane ndi miyezo yokhazikitsidwa pokhudzana ndi kukula kwake (m'lifupi, kutalika kuchokera pamsewu, kutalika kwagalimoto) komanso kutengera katunduyo (kulemera kwenikweni, katundu wa axle), yomwe imachitika molingana ndi njira zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa poyimitsa kapena poyenda pang'onopang'ono;

udzu - gawo lachigawo chimodzi chokhala ndi chivundikiro, chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kufesa ndikukula udzu wopanga tchire (makamaka udzu wosatha) kapena kusungunula;

msewu waukulu - msewu wokhala ndi malo osakonzedwa kapena olembedwa ndi zikwangwani 1.22, 1.23.1, 1.23.2, 1.23.3, 1.23.4, 2.3. Kukhalapo kwa panjira pamsewu wachiwiri nthawi yomweyo mphambano isanayerekezeredwe phindu ndi yolumikizana;

galimoto - galimoto, yomwe idapangidwa ndi kapangidwe kake ndi zida zake ndikunyamula katundu;

Kuwala Kwamasana Kuthamanga - zida zowunikira zakunja zoyera, zopangidwa ndi kapangidwe kagalimoto, zoyikika patsogolo pa galimotoyo ndikuti zithandizire kuwonekera kwagalimoto poyenda masana;

momwe misewu ilili - zinthu zingapo zomwe zimadziwika ndimisewu, kupezeka kwa zopinga pagawo linalake la mseu, kuchuluka kwake ndi kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe ka magalimoto (kupezeka kwa zolemba pamsewu, zikwangwani zam'misewu, zida zam'misewu, magetsi am'misewu ndi momwe zilili), zomwe woyendetsa ayenera kuziganizira posankha liwiro, mseu ndi njira zolandirira kuyendetsa galimoto;

ntchito zapamsewu - ntchito yokhudzana ndi kumanga, kumanganso, kukonza kapena kukonza mseu (msewu), nyumba zopangira, ngalande zamisewu, zomangamanga, kukhazikitsa (kukonza, kusintha) njira zantchito zakuwongolera magalimoto;

momwe misewu ilili - zingapo zomwe zimadziwika (poganizira nthawi ya chaka, nyengo ya masana, zochitika mumlengalenga, kuwunikira pamsewu) kuwonekera poyenda, momwe msewu ulili (ukhondo, kuyatsa, kulimba, kulumikiza), komanso m'lifupi mwake, kukula kwa malo otsetsereka otsika ndi okwera , kupindika ndi kukhotakhota, kupezeka kwa misewu yam'mbali kapena mapewa, zida zowongolera magalimoto pamikhalidwe yawo;

ngozi zapamsewu - chochitika chomwe chidachitika pakuyenda kwagalimoto, chifukwa chake anthu adamwalira kapena kuvulala kapena kuwonongeka kwa zinthu;

Kuwoloka Kwanjanji - kuwoloka mseu wokhala ndi njanji pamlingo womwewo;

gawo lamoyo - malo obwalo, komanso madera ena, okhala ndi chikwangwani cha msewu 5.31;

gawo la oyenda pansi - gulu lolinganizidwa la anthu lomwe likuyenda pamsewu mbali imodzi;

magalimoto angapo - gulu lolinganizidwa la magalimoto atatu kapena kupitilira apo, loyenda molunjika mbali yomweyo motsatizana ndi nyali zoviikidwa mosalekeza;

njira yamagalimoto (yamagalimoto osakhala njanji) - mzere wowonekera wodziwika kapena wopanga msewu panjira yonyamula pomwe amafikira paphewa, msewu, udzu, mzere wogawa, msewu wama tram, njinga kapena njira;

malo okwera magalimoto - Kuyika kwa galimoto patali ndi m'mphepete mwa njirayo (pakati pa njira yonyamulira kapena mzere wogawanitsa), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti galimoto yodutsa (kuphatikiza mawilo awiri) isunthike kwambiri m'mphepete mwa njira yonyamulira (pakati panjira yamagalimoto kapena mzere wogawa);

chikuku - galimoto yopangidwa ndi matayala yomwe idapangidwa kuti iziyenda pamsewu wa anthu olumala kapena anthu am'magulu ena ochepa. Mpando wamagudumu uli ndi mawilo osachepera awiri ndipo umayendetsedwa ndi injini kapena umayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yamphamvu yamunthu (chinthu chowonjezedwa pa 11.07.2018/XNUMX/XNUMX);

galimoto - Galimoto yopanda mipando isanu ndi inayi, kuphatikiza mpando woyendetsa, womwe, mwa kapangidwe ndi zida zake, idapangidwa kuti izitha kunyamula okwera ndi katundu wawo ndi chitetezo chofunikira;

munthu woyenda pa chikuku - munthu wolumala kapena munthu wa magulu ena ochepera a anthu osunthira palokha pa njinga ya olumala (ndime yowonjezedwa pa 11.07.2018/XNUMX/XNUMX);

kuyendetsa (kuyendetsa) - kuyamba kwa kayendedwe, kumanganso galimoto yoyenda kuchokera munjira ina kupita ina, kutembenukira kumanja kapena kumanzere, kupanga U-kutembenuka, kusiya njira yokhotakhota, kubwerera;

magalimoto oyenda (zoyendera anthu) - mabasi, minibasi, ma trolley, ma trams ndi matekisi oyenda mumisewu yokhazikitsidwa ndikukhala ndi malo ena pamsewu onyamula okwera (kutsika);

galimoto - galimoto yoyendetsedwa ndi injini. Mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mathirakitala, makina odziyendetsa okha ndi makina, komanso ma trolleybasi ndi magalimoto okhala ndi mota wamagetsi wopitilira 3 kW;

minibasi - basi yokhayo yomwe ili ndi mipando yoposa khumi ndi isanu ndi iwiri, kuphatikiza mpando woyendetsa;

mopedwera - galimoto yamagudumu awiri yokhala ndi injini yogwira ntchito mpaka 50 cu. masentimita kapena galimoto yamagetsi mpaka 4 kW;

mlatho - kapangidwe koyenera kuyenda pamtsinje, chigwa ndi zopinga zina, zomwe malire ake ndi poyambira ndi kutha kwazitali;

njinga yamoto - galimoto yoyenda ndi matayala awiri kapena yopanda ngolo yam'mbali, yokhala ndi injini yogwira ntchito ya 50 cu. cm ndi zina. Njinga zamoto, magalimoto oyendetsa njinga zamoto, ma tricycle ndi magalimoto ena oyendetsedwa ndi magetsi, omwe kuchuluka kwawo kovomerezeka sikupitilira makilogalamu 400, amafanana ndi njinga zamoto;

malo - malo omangidwa, zipata zolowera ndi zotulukamo zomwe ndizolembedwa ndi zikwangwani za pamsewu 5.45, 5.46, 5.47, 5.48;

kusaoneka bwino - kuwonekera kwa msewu wopita kokayenda ndi ochepera 300 m madzulo, m'malo a chifunga, mvula, matalala, ndi zina zambiri;

akupitirira - kuyendetsa galimoto imodzi kapena zingapo zogwirizana ndi kulowa munjira yomwe ikubwera;

kuwonekera - mwayi woti muwone momwe magalimoto akuyendera kuchokera pampando wa woyendetsa;

kuchepetsa - gawo la msewu lomwe limawunikiridwa bwino kapena lokhala ndi mzere wolimba wa chodetsa msewu, moyandikana molunjika kumapeto kwenikweni kwa msewu wamagalimoto, womwe uli pamlingo womwewo ndi womwe sunakonzedwenso kuyenda kwa magalimoto, kupatula milandu yomwe Malamulowa amapereka. Phewa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyimitsa ndi kuyimika magalimoto, kuyenda kwa oyenda pansi, ma moped, njinga (pakalibe misewu, oyenda pansi, njinga zamayendedwe kapena ngati kuli kosatheka kuyenda nawo), ngolo zokokedwa ndi mahatchi (sledges);

kuwonekera pang'ono - kuwonekera kwa mseu wopita kokayenda, kocheperako ndi magwiridwe antchito am'misewu, zomangamanga zamisewu, kubzala ndi zinthu zina, komanso magalimoto;

ngozi yamagalimoto - kusintha pamisewu (kuphatikiza kuwonekera kwa chinthu choyenda chomwe chikuyandikira kapena kuwoloka msewu wamagalimoto) kapena luso lagalimoto lomwe likuwopseza chitetezo chamsewu ndikukakamiza woyendetsa kuti achepetse kuthamanga kapena kuimitsa. Chochitika china chowopsa pamayendedwe ndikusunthika pamsewu wapanjira yina yopita kwina;

patsogolo - kayendedwe kagalimoto pa liwiro lopitilira liwiro la galimoto yodutsa ikuyenda moyandikana munjira yoyandikana nayo;

khungu - thupi la dalaivala chifukwa cha kuwala kwa masomphenya ake, pomwe dalaivala sangathe kuzindikira zopinga kapena kuzindikira malire amisewu pamlingo wochepa;

khakani - kuyimitsa kuyenda kwa galimoto kwakanthawi mpaka mphindi 5 kapena kupitilira apo, ngati kuli kofunikira kukwera (kutsika) okwera kapena kutsitsa (kutsitsa) katundu, kukwaniritsa zofunikira za Malamulowa (kupereka mwayi mumayendedwe, kukwaniritsa zofunikira za woyang'anira magalimoto, zikwangwani zamagalimoto, ndi zina zambiri) );

chilumba cha chitetezo - njira zaluso zoyendetsera magalimoto pamalo oyenda pansi oyenda, owonetsedwa bwino pamsewu wapagalimoto ndipo cholinga chake chinali ngati chotetezera poletsa oyenda podutsa munjira yonyamula. Chilumba chachitetezo chimaphatikizaponso gawo la mzere woligawa womwe oyenda pansi amayenda;

wokwera - munthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito galimotoyo ndikukhalamo, koma osachita nawo kuyendetsa;

mayendedwe a magulu olinganizidwa a ana - mayendedwe amodzimodzi a ana khumi kapena kupitilira apo omwe ali ndi manejala omwe amawaperekeza paulendowu (wogwira ntchito zachipatala amapatsidwa gulu la ana makumi atatu kapena kupitilira apo);

mphambano - malo olumikizana, abutment kapena nthambi za misewu pamlingo womwewo, malire ake ndi mizere yolingalira pakati pa chiyambi cha kuzungulira kwa m'mbali mwa msewu uliwonse. Malo olumikizana ndi msewu wopita kudera loyandikana samawonedwa ngati mphambano;

munthu woyenda pansi - munthu amene amatenga nawo mbali pamisewu yakunja kwa magalimoto ndipo samachita ntchito iliyonse pamsewu. Anthu omwe amayenda pamipando yamagudumu opanda injini, kuyendetsa njinga, kukwera njinga yamoto, njinga yamoto, kunyamula sledi, trolley, mpando wa mwana kapena njinga yamayendedwe amatchedwanso oyenda pansi;

njira - Njira yolowa yamagalimoto oyenda, mkati kapena kunja kwa msewu ndikulembedwa chizindikiro 4.13;

kuwoloka - gawo la njira yamagalimoto kapena zomangamanga zomwe cholinga chake chinali kuyenda kwa oyenda pamsewu. Kuwoloka kwa oyenda kumayikidwa zikwangwani zamisewu 5.35.1, 5.35.2, 5.36.1, 5.36.2, 5.37.1, 5.37.2, zolemba pamsewu 1.14.1, 1.14.2, 1.14.3, magetsi oyenda pansi. Pakalibe zikwangwani zam'misewu, malire owoloka oyenda amatsimikiziridwa ndi mtunda wapakati pa zikwangwani zam'misewu kapena oyendetsa magalimoto oyenda, komanso pamphambano, popanda magetsi oyenda, zikwangwani zam'misewu ndi zolemba - potambalala kwa misewu kapena mapewa;

Kuwoloka kwa anthu oyenda pansi kumawerengedwa kuti kuyendetsedwa ngati magalimoto amayendetsedwa ndi magetsi kapena owongolera magalimoto, osayendetsedwa - kuwoloka oyenda popanda wowongolera magalimoto, magetsi oyenda samapezeka kapena kuzimitsidwa, kapena kugwira mbendera yachikaso chowala;

Kusiya zoopsa zapamsewu - zochita za omwe akutenga nawo mbali pangozi yapamsewu yomwe ikufuna kubisala ngozi kapena momwe komiti yake idakhalira, zomwe zidafunikira kufunikira kwa apolisi kuti achitepo kanthu kuti azindikire (kusaka) yemwe akutenga nawo mbali (kapena) kufunafuna galimoto;

kanjira - njira yayitali panjira yamagalimoto yopitilira 2,75 m, yosindikizidwa kapena yosasindikizidwa ndi zolemba pamsewu ndikulingaira kuyenda kwa magalimoto osakhala njanji;

zopindulitsa - ufulu woyendetsa magalimoto patsogolo poyerekeza ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ena;

cholepheretsa magalimoto - chinthu choimilira pamsewu wapagalimoto kapena chinthu chomwe chikuyenda munjira iyi (kupatula galimoto yomwe ikuyenda moyenda magalimoto onse) ndikukakamiza woyendetsa kuti ayendetse kapena kuchepetsa liwiro mpaka galimotoyo itaima;

gawo loyandikana nalo - dera loyandikana ndi m'mphepete mwa mseu wamagalimoto osapangira kuti anthu adutse, koma olowera kokha mayadi, malo oimikapo magalimoto, malo opangira mafuta, malo omanga, ndi zina zambiri, kapena kuwasiya;

ngolo - galimoto yomwe amayenera kuyenda kokha molumikizana ndi galimoto ina. Galimoto zamtunduwu zimaphatikizaponso ma trailer oyenda pang'ono ndi ma trail yonyamula;

njira yamagalimoto - msewu wopangira kayendedwe ka magalimoto osakhala njanji. Msewu ukhoza kukhala ndi mayendedwe angapo, omwe malire ake amagawika mizere;

kudutsa - kapangidwe ka mlatho wa mlatho pamsewu wina (njanji) pamphambano ya mseu wawo, womwe umatsimikizira kuti ukuyenda m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndikupanga njira ina;

kugawa Mzere - awonetsedwa bwino kapena mothandizidwa ndi mizere yolimba ya zolemba pamsewu 1.1, 1.2 msewu, womwe umalekanitsa mayendedwe apafupi. Njira yogawikirayi sikuti idapangidwira magalimoto kapena kuyimika magalimoto. Ngati pali msewu panjira yogawa, magalimoto oyenda amaloledwa pamenepo;

chovomerezeka pazipita kulemera - unyinji wamagalimoto okhala ndi katundu, dalaivala ndi okwera, omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi luso lagalimoto momwe chovomerezeka kwambiri. Zololeza kuchuluka kwa sitima yapamsewu ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ovomerezeka pagalimoto iliyonse;

wokonza - wapolisi akuchita malamulo amisewu yunifolomu yowoneka bwino ndi zinthu zowunikira pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo, mluzu. Ogwira ntchito yoyang'anira zachitetezo pamisewu, kukonza misewu, wogwira ntchito yokhotakhota njanji, kuwoloka bwato, omwe ali ndi satifiketi yoyenera ndi chikwapu, ndodo, chimbale chokhala ndi chizindikiro chofiira kapena chowunikira, nyali yofiira kapena mbendera ndikukwaniritsa malamulo ;

njanji - tram ndi nsanja zokhala ndi zida zapadera zosunthira munjira zama tram. Magalimoto ena onse oyenda mumsewu amaonedwa ngati magalimoto osakhala njanji;

makina olima - mathirakitala, chassis yodziyendetsa yokha, zoyendetsa zokha zaulimi, zomanga misewu, makina obwezeretsa ndi njira zina;

kuyimika - kuyimitsa kuyenda kwa galimoto zoposa 5 mphindi pazifukwa zosagwirizana ndi kufunika kotsatira malamulo awa, okwera (kutsika) okwera, kutsitsa (kutsitsa) katundu;

Nthawi yausiku - gawo la tsiku kuyambira kulowa kwa dzuwa mpaka kutuluka kwa dzuwa;

ma braking mtunda - Mtunda womwe galimoto imayenda panthawi yama braking mwadzidzidzi kuyambira pachiyambi pazomwe zimayendetsa kayendedwe ka mabuleki (pedal, handle) mpaka pomwe imayimilira;

Njanji zamagetsi - chinthu chamsewu chomwe chimapangidwira kayendedwe ka njanji, chomwe chimakhala chochepa m'lifupi ndi malo akhungu amtundu wa tram kapena zolemba pamsewu. Ma Tram amaloledwa kusuntha magalimoto osakhala njanji molingana ndi gawo 11 la Malamulowa;

galimoto - chida chopangira mayendedwe a anthu ndi (kapena) katundu, komanso zida zapadera kapena njira zoyikiramo;

kanjira - chinthu china chamsewu chomwe chimayendera oyenda pansi, omwe ali moyandikana ndi kakhitchini kapena olekanitsidwa ndi udzu;

Kuphunzira bwino - simenti ya simenti, konkriti wa phula, konkire wolimbitsa kapena konkire wolimbikitsidwa wopangidwa ndi miyala, miyala yolumikizidwa ndi miyala yopangidwa ndi miyala, zojambulajambula zopangidwa ndimakona a konkriti ang'onoang'ono, miyala yosweka ndi miyala, yothandizidwa ndi zinthu zomangira ndi zomangira;

Lozani Kolowera - chofunikira kuti wogwiritsa ntchito misewu asapitilize kapena kuyambiranso kuchuluka kwamagalimoto, kuti asayendetse njira iliyonse (kupatula zomwe zimafunikira kuti achoke pamisewu), ngati izi zingakakamize ogwiritsa ntchito ena mumsewu omwe ali ndi mwayi wosintha mayendedwe kapena liwiro;

wogwiritsa ntchito msewu - munthu yemwe akutenga nawo mbali panjira ngati woyenda pansi, woyendetsa, wokwera, woyendetsa nyama, woyendetsa njinga, komanso munthu woyenda pa njinga ya olumala (gawo lasinthidwa pa 11.07.2018);

ntchito ya zida zoyendera - kunyamula ngolo ndi thirakitara molingana ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito (ngoloyo ikufanana ndi thalakitala, kupezeka kwa chitetezo, pulogalamu yolumikizira ya alamu, kuyatsa, ndi zina zambiri);

kudutsa - kapangidwe ka uinjiniya kayendedwe ka magalimoto ndi (kapena) oyenda pansi, kukweza msewu wina pamwamba pa wina pamphambano ya msewu wawo, komanso kupanga msewu pamtunda wina womwe ulibe msewu wopita kumsewu wina.

Bwererani ku zomwe zili mkati