Chiongolero - chipangizo, wonongeka, m'malo
Zamkatimu
Chipangizo cha galimoto iliyonse yamasiku ano chimaphatikizapo gawo lotengeka ndi chiwongolero. Zimakhala zovuta kwa ena kunena kuti ndi makina ena agalimoto, chifukwa gawolo limagwira ntchito zingapo.
Tiyeni tiganizire mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zili mchigawochi, tikambirana za mitundu ya gawolo, komanso mfundo yakulowa m'malo pakakhala zosowa.
Kodi chiwongolero ndi chiyani?
Titha kunena kuti nkhonya ndizosiyanasiyana. Idayikidwa pamphambano yama kachitidwe angapo, ndichifukwa chake pali zovuta ndi magawidwe: komwe dongosolo ili limayendera.
Ali ndi chiwongolero, gudumu likulu, mantha absorber strut ndi zida zina (Mwachitsanzo, zinthu ananyema). Pachifukwa ichi, nkhonya ndiye njira yomwe data yolumikizira imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kulumikizidwa. Popeza pali katundu wambiri pambaliyi, amapangidwa ndi zinthu zolimba.
Opanga ena amagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chachikulu pazinthu zawo, pomwe ena amagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo. Mbali ina ya chiwongolero ndi mawonekedwe ake olondola kwambiri. Mawonekedwe a mbewa akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri kutengera mtundu woyimitsidwa ndi chiwongolero.
Kodi chiwongolero ndi chiyani?
Dzinalo limatanthauza chimodzi mwa zolinga zokhazikitsira gawo ili mgalimoto - kuwonetsetsa kuti magudumu akutsogolo azungulira. Ngati galimoto ili ndi gudumu lakumbuyo, ndiye kuti nkhonya idzakhala ndi chida chosavuta.
Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuwonetsetsa kuti gudumu loyendetsa likusinthasintha, chifukwa kuwonjezera pakusintha njira, makokedwe oyambira ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakalimba. Kupezeka kwa chiwongolero kwathetsa mavuto angapo nthawi imodzi:
- Zinapereka kukhazikika kokhazikika kwa malo oyenda, pomwe gudumu loyendetsa limakhazikika;
- Zinathandiza kulumikiza gudumu onsewo osati kufala, komanso kuyimitsidwa lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwa McPherson (zida zake zidakambidwa kale pang'ono) chingwe chodzidzimutsa chamagalimoto ambiri chakwera gawo ili;
- Imalola kuti chipangizocho chitembenuke osataya mphamvu pomwe gudumu limazungulira ndikuchepetsa kuyimilira mukamakwera.
Chifukwa cha ntchito zotere, nkhonya imawerengedwa kuti ndi chithandizo pagalimoto komanso choyendetsa galimoto. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito zomwe zidatchulidwazo, mbali zina za braking zimaphatikizidwa ndi ndodoyo.
Ngati gawo limapangidwa ndi zolakwika zamagetsi, machitidwe ena amatha kulephera mwachangu.
Mbali yopuma yomwe ikufunsidwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zakutsogolo. Nthawi zina amatchedwa othandizira kumbuyo kwa ma wheel wheel. Alinso ndi kapangidwe kofananira, kokha pankhani yachiwiri, gawolo silikupereka kuthekera kosinthasintha, chifukwa chake sikungatchedwe kuti kozungulira.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito
Kuti kuyimitsidwa kugwire ntchito ndi nkhonya, mabowo amapangidwa mu nkhonya zomata lever (pansi) ndi chowongolera chowombera (pamwamba). Chombocho chimamangirizidwa ndi kulumikizana kwachikale, koma chiwombankhangocho chimadutsa mukulumikizana ndi mpira. Izi zimapangitsa mawilo kutembenuka.
Makina oyendetsa (omwe ndi ndodo ya tayi) adzaphatikizidwanso ndi zidutswa za mpira (zotchedwa tayi malekezero).
Kuonetsetsa kuti magudumu oyenda mozungulira ayenda mozungulira, chonyamulira (choyendetsa kumbuyo) kapena cholumikizira cha CV (choyendetsa kutsogolo) chimayikidwa mu chiwongolero.
Kutengera momwe mseu ulili, chingwe chowongolera chimatha kupatsanso magudumu, kupondaponda kwake, komanso kupatsira ma torque kuma malo oyendetsa.
Za momwe makina onse amagwirira ntchito, onani vidiyo yotsatirayi potengera mwachidule kuyimitsidwa kwa galimotoyo:
Chipangizo ndi mitundu
Opanga amagwiritsa ntchito makina oyimitsira osiyanasiyana mgalimoto zawo, chifukwa chake mawonekedwe amitundu yoyendetsa amasiyana. Ichi ndiye chifukwa choyamba chomwe muyenera kusankha gawo molingana ndi kapangidwe ka galimoto. Khodi ya VIN ikuthandizira pakusaka, komwe kukuwonetsa mawonekedwe a galimoto inayake (momwe mungatanthauzire zilembo zonse, werengani nkhani yapadera).
Ngakhale pali kusiyana pang'ono pokha kungapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kukhazikitsa gawolo, kapena kuyendetsa kwa makinawo. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chakumangirira kosayenera, chomangira sichingasinthe gudumu kwathunthu, chifukwa mpira wakhala panjira yolakwika, ndi zina zambiri.
Ndi pachikwama chowongolera chomwe chimaphatikizira zida zowonjezera, mwachitsanzo, zopumira ndi mabuleki, komanso masensa.
Kungakhale kulakwitsa kuganiza kuti wopanga amagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe omwewo azigawozi mgalimoto zonse zamtundu wachitsanzo. Mwachitsanzo, wopanga akamayambitsa njira yobwezeretsa (pazomwe zili komanso chifukwa chake opanga makinawo amawerenga apa), mainjiniya amatha kusintha kapangidwe ka gawolo kuti zitha kuyika sensa, yomwe sinali momwe zidapangidwira kale.
Malfunctions ndi zizindikiro zotheka
Pali zizindikiro zingapo zomwe dalaivala amatha kudziwa kuti pali vuto ndi chiwongolero. Nazi zizindikiro zina:
- Mukamayendetsa molunjika, galimotoyo imakokedwa mbali. Poterepa, kulumikizana kumayang'aniridwa kaye (momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito, werengani kubwereza kwina). Vutolo likapitirira, vutolo likhoza kukhala pachitsulo;
- Kuwongolera kwa magudumu kwatsika kwambiri. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kuti muyang'ane cholumikizira mpira choyamba;
- Gudumu linatuluka. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa cholephera kwa mpira (chala chidadulidwa), koma izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri pamene diso lokwera phiri likuswa;
- Nyumba zosweka kapena malo okhala ndi malo owonongeka. Izi nthawi zina zimachitika ndikukhazikitsa osaphunzira kwa chassis element (chovalacho chimakanikizidwa mopindika kapena ma bolts pagudumu samangirizidwa).
Ponena za mapangidwe a ming'alu, ena amakani amgalimoto amapereka kuti abwezeretse gawolo - kuti liwoneke. Ngati zida zosinthira ndizitsulo, ziyenera kuyambiranso. Zambiri za kulaks zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunuka.
Ngakhale wowotcherera atakwanitsa kubisa mng'aluwo, zinthu zomwezo zimawonongeka pamalowo. Gawo lomwe likulumikizidwa lidzawonongeka pabowo loyamba lalikulu.
Pazifukwa zachitetezo, ngati pali zovuta zilizonse, ndibwino kuti mutenge gawolo ndi lina. Momwe izi zimachitikira, onani chitsanzo cha galimoto inayake:
Momwe mungachotsere chiwongolero?
Kuti muthe kuchotsa chiwongolero, muyenera kusiya zinthu zonse zomwe zaphatikizika. Njirayi imachitika motere:
- Makinawo amaikidwa pa jekete kapena amangokhalira kukweza;
- Tinamasula gudumu lolingana;
- Chotsani chonyamulira chomwe chanyema;
- Chotsani kukwera kwamphamvu kwamphamvu;
- Timakanikiza nsonga ya ndodo. Pofuna kuti musasinthe, ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi chida chapadera;
- Chotsani chitsulo chazitsulo kuchokera pachipindacho;
- Timamasula masensa ndi zida zina, ngati zikupezeka mgalimoto. Poterepa, ndibwino kukumbukira komwe zimaphatikizidwa. Zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikutenga chithunzi pafoni yanu;
- Chotsani nkhonya yokha. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito screwdriver lathyathyathya kuti muchepetse kulumikiza kwa mphete yosunga palimodzi pamiyendo yam'munsi;
- Gawo lomaliza ndikuchotsa kachingwe kuchokera pa nkhonya (mtedza sunatsegulidwe), zisanachitike. Chotsatira, ma wheel wheel amalowetsedwa, ndipo khunguyo limachotsedwa kumbuyo ndikumenyedwa pang'ono.
Musanatsegule ma bolts ndi mtedza, ndikofunikira kutsatira mfundo yosavuta: kuti muchepetse zovuta m'mphepete mwa osunga, amatsukidwa ndi dothi ndi dzimbiri, kenako amathandizidwa ndi madzi olowera (mwachitsanzo, WD-40).
Mtengo wa chiwongolero
Opanga amapanga zovekera ndi mbali yabwino ya chitetezo. Zotsatira zake, gawolo limangothyola kokha chifukwa cha katundu wambiri, ndipo kuvala kwachilengedwe kumachitika pang'onopang'ono.
Nthawi zina, ziwalo zimasinthidwa ngati zida. Ponena za zowongolera, izi sizofunikira. Mtengo wa izi umachokera $ 40 mpaka $ 500. Mitundu yamitunduyi imachitika chifukwa cha mtundu wamagalimoto ndi mfundo zamagetsi za wopanga.
Poterepa, mtundu wa gawolo nthawi zambiri umafanana ndi mtengo. Pachifukwa ichi, ndibwino kuti musankhe wopanga odziwika bwino, ngakhale zitakhala kuti sizinaphatikizidwe mgulu lazogulitsa.
Mafunso ndi Mayankho:
Kodi dzina lina la chowongolero ndi chiyani? Iyi ndiye pini. Chiwongolerocho chimatchedwa chiwongolero chifukwa chimalola gudumu lokhazikika kuti lisunthike mundege yopingasa.
Kodi chowongoleredwa chimaphatikizidwa ndi chiyani? Ndi chidutswa chimodzi chopangidwa. Malingana ndi chitsanzo (komanso chaka chopangidwa) cha galimotoyo, pakhoza kukhala mipata yosiyana ndi malo ophatikizana a zigawo zazikulu mu nkhonya.
Kodi chowongoleredwa ndi chiyani? Chipinda cha gudumu, mikono yoyimitsidwa kumtunda ndi yotsika, ndodo yowongolera, zinthu zama brake system, sensor yozungulira magudumu imalumikizidwa ndi trunnion.
