Mphete za pisitoni: mitundu, ntchito, zovuta zina

Mwamtheradi injini zonse zoyaka zamkati zimagwira ntchito chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka pistoni, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu yotentha, ndipo pamapeto pake timapeza mphamvu zamakina. Mphete za pisitoni ndizofunikira kwambiri pagulu la silinda-pistoni, momwe zimakhalira ndikukhazikika kwa injini yoyaka mkati, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, kusunga mafuta, etc. Kenaka, tiwona chifukwa chake mphete za pistoni zimafunikira, mitundu ndi mavuto omwe amadza nawo pakugwira ntchito.

Kodi mphete za pisitoni ndi chiyani?

Mphete za pisitoni ndi ziwalo zomwe zimayikidwa pama pistoni, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mphete ziwiri zothinirana ndi mphete imodzi yamafuta. Mawonekedwe a mphetezo amapangidwa ngati bwalo, ndipo kudula kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukweza pisitoni, yomwe imachepa pomwe ma pistoni amaikidwa muzipilala. Ngati ma pistoni a injini sanakhale ndi mphete, injini sizingagwire ntchito chifukwa chosowa kupanikizika, komanso chifukwa chodzaza mafuta ndi zinyalala zake mwachangu.

Cholinga chachikulu cha mphete za pisitoni ndikupatsa mphamvu mu silinda mwa kukanikiza mwamphamvu pakhoma la silinda, komanso kuteteza mafuta kuti asapse, kuti alowe mu sump. mphetezo zimasunganso mpweya wa crankcase, koma ngati palibe kuvala kwa gulu la silinda-pistoni.

Mitundu ya mphete za pisitoni

Lero pali mitundu iwiri ya mphete za pisitoni zokhala ndi pisitoni:

• psinjika;
• chopopera mafuta.

 Masiku ano, mphete za pisitoni zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunula, ndipo molybdenum, yomwe ili ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri, imawonjezeredwa kuti ikhale yodalirika komanso moyo wautali. Mphete za Chrome zimapangidwa motalikirapo, ndizotsika mtengo, komanso zimakhala ndi zovuta zambiri, ngakhale sizimasiyana muutumiki wautali. Tiyeni tiwone bwino mphete iliyonse.

Kuponderezana mphete

Mphete psinjika anaika pamwamba scraper mafuta, mu kuchuluka kwa zidutswa ziwiri. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti iyi siyamphete yachitsulo yokha yomwe idapangidwa kuti isindikize chipinda choyaka moto, popeza kuti mphete yoponderezana imakhudzidwa ndikusinthitsa kutentha pakati pa pisitoni ndi chingwe, komanso kuyamwa kwamapistoni chifukwa champhamvu. 

Phokoso lakumtunda limatha kukhala la mitundu itatu:

• ndi mphako woboola pakati wa L m'dera la loko;
• ndi malo mosabisa;
• gawo lopindika - malekezero onse a mphete amapendekeka, kukhudza gawo limodzi lokha.

Zida zopangidwa ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi L zimatha kusintha kutsekera kutsekera malinga ndi momwe mota imagwirira ntchito: mpweya ukakwera, mphamvu ya mpheteyo imakula ndipo "imazungulira" silindayo mwamphamvu, ndipo kukakamizidwa kukatsika, mphamvuyo imachepa, komanso mkangano pakati pa zonenepa, motsatana. Njirayi imapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi wopanikizika panthawi yoyenera, komanso polowera ndi polowera, kuti muchepetse kukangana ndikuwonjezera mphamvu za CPG.

Mphete yachiwiri yopanikizika ndiyofanana, imangokwera pamwamba pomwenso imapangitsa kulimba, kuteteza motsutsana ndi kuphulika komanso kuteteza mafuta kuti asalowe mumiyalayi chifukwa chobweza.

Zina mwamphetezi zimapangidwa kuti zizipindika kuti zitsuke bwino mafuta pamakoma a liner, ndipo muma motors amakono, mphetezo zimapangidwa kwathunthu popanda mpata.

Mafuta mphete

Mphete yopangira mafuta imayikidwa pansi pa mphete yopondereza. Chofunikira cha mphete chili m'dzina lake - kuchotsa owonjezera pamakoma a silinda. Mphete ikangodutsa pamwamba, imasiya filimu, ma microns angapo wandiweyani, omwe ndi ofunikira kuwonjezera moyo wa CPG ndikusunga kutentha mkati mwa kulolerana. Kuchotsa mafutawo, mphetezo zimapangidwa ngati mawonekedwe a radial kapena axial expanders. Ena opanga ma automaker amaika mphete ziwiri zowotcha mafuta.

Ntchito za mphete za pisitoni

Kutengera ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, zitsimikizidwe izi:

• kupanikizika katundu. Kudzipatula kwathunthu m'chipinda choyaka moto, kuwonetsetsa kuti pamafunika kupanikizika mkati mwa silinda, potero mumakwanitsa kukhazikika kwamafuta ndi mafuta;
• kupulumutsa mafuta injini. Chifukwa cha mphete yopukusa mafuta, kanema wogwira bwino amaperekedwa pamwamba pa silindayo, mafuta ochulukirapo sawotcha koma amalowa mchikwama chapakati kupyola mpheteyo;
• kutentha. Mphete za pisitoni zimachotsa bwino kutentha kwa pisitoni poziika kuzipilala, zomwe zimazizira chifukwa chakhudzana ndi chozizira;

kusowa kwazithunzithunzi zopingasa. Chifukwa chokwanira kwa mphetezo, pisitoni imayenda bwino ndikukwera.

Kodi mphete za pistoni zimapangidwa ndi chiyani?

Masiku ano, chitsulo cha ductile ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida. Popeza ma mota amakono akucheperako komanso mwamphamvu kwambiri, motsatana, katundu wawo wawonjezeka kangapo, pakufunika kugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano. Mtsogoleri pakati pa zinthu ndi molybdenum, yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi zida zoletsa kutsekeka komanso moyo wochulukirapo. Mwa njira, masiketi a pisitoni amasinthidwa ndi mawonekedwe ofanana.

Zolephera zapadera za pisitoni

Pakugwira ntchito kwa injini yoyaka mkati, ma pistoni ndi mphete pang'onopang'ono zimatha, pambuyo pake zimakhala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusokonekera kwakukulu ndikuwonjezeka kwa kusiyana pakati pa mphete ndi masilindala, komwe kumayambitsa zovuta pakuyambitsa injini, kuchuluka kwamafuta, kutsika kwamphamvu kwamphamvu, komanso kupanikizika kowonjezera mu sump yamafuta. 

Nthawi zambiri, madalaivala amakumana ndi zovuta ngati kupezeka kwa mphete. Njirayi imafotokozedwa ndikuti chifukwa chakutenthedwa kwa injini kapena mafuta, mphetezo zimasokonekera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zonse zomwe mphetezo zidatayika.

Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri, kupezeka kwa mphete kumatha kukonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira makina, popewa izi, gwiritsani ntchito malamulo awa:

• yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito galimoto pafupipafupi momwe mungathere, komanso osanyalanyaza malamulo otenthetsera injini;
• Gwiritsani ntchito mafuta apamwamba okhaokha okhala ndi kulolerana malinga ndi mtundu wa injini inayake (makamaka ngati ndi injini ya dizilo yokhala ndi fyuluta yamagulu ndi ma jekeseni a unit);
• musalole kuti injini ipserere, chifukwa zotsatira zake ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri, makamaka pakusintha mafuta ndi chozizira, komanso m'malo mwa silinda wamutu wamutu ndikupera ndege yamutu.

Musaiwale kuti mtundu wa mphetewo umakhudzanso zothandizira, komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso katundu.

Zotsatira za kuvala mphete za pisitoni

Zotsatira za kuvala mphete za pisitoni nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi zovuta zina, chifukwa chake kuyezetsa kwapamwamba kumayenera kupangidwa ngati kuyeza kupsinjika ndikuwona kutuluka kwa mpweya mu silinda. 

Zambiri pazotsatira zake:

• kuyamba kozizira kovuta. Injini ikapanda kutenthedwa, kusiyana pakati pa pisitoni ndi silinda kumachepa ndipo kumangotsika chifukwa chongotenthetsa, motsatana, kukulira kwa ziwalo zopaka. Kuvala koyamba kwa mphete kumangodziwonetsera pa injini yozizira, pambuyo pake injini imayendetsa bwino. Mutha kuwona zotsatira zake chifukwa cha utsi wabuluu pa liwiro laulesi;
• kuchuluka kwamafuta ndi mphamvu zochepa. Kuwonjezeka kwa chilolezo kumatanthauza kutayika kwa katundu woponderezedwa, kutanthauza kutsika kwapansi - kuchepa kwachangu, komwe kumafuna mafuta ambiri kuti akwaniritse;
• njinga yamoto itatu. Kupanikizika kotsika kumayendera limodzi ndi zochitika zitatu, ndipo izi sizimangokhala zovuta kwa driver ndi okwera, komanso kufulumizitsa kuvala kwamakina a injini ndi zowonjezera zina.

Mukhoza kuyang'ana momwe mphetezo zilili poika dzanja lanu ku chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya kapena pepala loyera, ndipo ngati mutapeza utoto wamafuta, ndiye kuti vutoli limakhala m'mphete.

Kusankha ndikusintha mphete za pisitoni

Chonde dziwani kuti ndizokhumudwitsidwa kwambiri kusintha mphete za pistoni padera ndi ma pistoni pazifukwa izi:

• pa ntchito, yamphamvu kuvala mofanana, ndipo amakhala elliptical;
• ma pistoni amathanso kupunduka, makamaka ngati atenthedwa. Makina a pisitoni amatha kukula, ndikupangitsa kuti zisakhale zovuta kuyika mphete zatsopano;
• Mitengo yamiyala iyenera kuperekedwa kuti iwunikidwe, pomwe pambuyo pake zidzadziwika ngati silindayo ili mkati mwa kulolerana kwa ellipse, ngati kuli koyenera kuyikapo ulemu watsopano kapena ngati zotopetsa zikufunika pakukula.

Ndi njira ziti zosankha mphete za pistoni? Ngati bajeti yanu sichilola kukonzanso kwakukulu mpaka kufika pamtunda waukulu, ndiye kuti mukhoza kukhazikitsa ma pistoni a bajeti, koma nthawi zonse mphete zamtengo wapatali - malangizo a odziwa bwino. Ponena za zosankha:

• mtengo. Zotsika mtengo mphetezo, zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, ndipo palibe njira ina. Mphete zotsika mtengo zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri, chomwe, panthawi yoyika, chimatha kudziwonetsera ngati kusweka kwa mphete;
• wopanga. Ndikukulimbikitsani kuti mulabadire opanga monga Mahle, Kolbenschmidt, awa ndi makampani apamwamba kwambiri. Ngati mukufuna kusunga ndalama popanda kutayika kwenikweni, ndiye yang'anani wopanga monga Goetze, Nural, NPR;
• mawonekedwe a ma CD ndi mphetezo. Samalani kwambiri momwe mphetezo zimadzazidwira, mapangidwe ake ndi otani, kaya pali hologram, malangizo oyikitsira, ndi momwe mphetezo zimapangidwira.

Momwe mungasinthire mphete za pisitoni

Njira yosinthira mphete sizosiyana ndi njira yosinthira. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti m'magalimoto amakono, njira ya "kuponya mphete" sidzatha bwino. Muyenera kupereka chipika cha silinda kuti muthe kuthana ndi mavuto, ndipo ngati zichitika kuti mphetezo ziyenera kusinthidwa posachedwa, pomwe ma pistoni ndi ma liners akulolerana, mutha kusintha mphetezo mosiyana.

Nthawi zina, ndikofunikira kuti mumalize ndi njira iyi:

• disassemble the engine, defect the block, and give the cylinder head for pressure pressure;
• mutalandira deta ya zonenepa, gulani gulu la pisitoni kapena mphete mosiyana;
• sonkhanitsani injini ndipo, kutengera mtundu wa mphete, yendetsani makina oyaka mkati mwa ma kilomita angapo.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi mphete zopangira mafuta ndi chiyani? Zitha kukhala zolimba kapena zophatikiza. Chitsulo cholimba tsopano sichikupezeka kwambiri. Zophatikizika zimakhala ndi mphete zoonda ziwiri zokhala ndi radial axial expander.

Ndi mphete zotani zomwe zili pa pistoni? Kuponderezana, mphete zamafuta (zoonda kumtunda ndi pansi) zimayikidwa pa pistoni. Axial ndi radial ring expander imayikidwanso pamenepo (ngati mphete zogawanika zikugwiritsidwa ntchito).

Kodi compression mphete ndi chiyani? Amapereka mgwirizano wolimba pakati pa pistoni ndi makoma a silinda. Ndi chithandizo chake, VTS imasungidwa m'malo oponderezedwa muchipinda choyaka. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mphete ziwiri zotere.

Ndi liti pamene muyenera kusintha mphete mu injini? Mphetezo zikavala, mpweya umatulutsa kuchokera mu silinda kupita ku crankcase. Injini imayamba kudya mafuta ambiri (utsi wabuluu kuchokera ku chitoliro chopopera), mphamvu ya injini yatsika kwambiri.