Porsche

Porsche

Porsche
dzina:YAM'MBUYO
Chaka cha maziko:1931
Woyambitsa:Ferdinand Porsche
Zokhudza:Volkswagen Group 
Расположение:GermanyStuttgart
Baden-Wurttemberg
Nkhani:Werengani


Porsche

Mbiri ya mtundu wa magalimoto a Porsche

Zamkatimu Mbiri ya eni ake a Porsche ndi kasamalidwe Mbiri yakaleKutenga nawo gawo pamipikisano yamitundumitunduMagalimoto amtundu wamtundu wamasewera (okhala ndi injini za nkhonya)Ziwonetsero zamasewera ndi magalimoto othamanga (injini za nkhonya)Magalimoto amasewera omwe adapangidwa, okhala ndi injini yapamzereMagalimoto amasewera omwe adalowa mndandanda, wokhala ndi V- enginesCrossover and SUVsMafunso ndi mayankho: Magalimoto opanga ku Germany amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa chamasewera komanso kapangidwe kake kokongola. Kampaniyo idakhazikitsidwa ndi Ferdinand Porsche. Tsopano likulu lili ku Germany, St. Stuttgart. Malingana ndi deta ya 2010, magalimoto a automaker awa adatenga malo apamwamba kwambiri pakati pa magalimoto onse padziko lapansi ponena za kudalirika. Mtundu wamagalimoto umagwira ntchito yopanga magalimoto apamwamba, ma sedan okongola ndi ma SUV. Kampaniyo ikukula mwachangu pantchito yothamangitsa magalimoto. Izi zimalola mainjiniya ake kupanga machitidwe atsopano, omwe ambiri amapeza ntchito m'mitundu ya anthu wamba. Kuyambira chitsanzo choyambirira, magalimoto amtunduwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe awo okongola, ndipo ponena za chitonthozo, amagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apamwamba omwe amapangitsa magalimoto kukhala osavuta kuyenda komanso maulendo osunthika. Mbiri ya Porsche Asanayambe kupanga magalimoto ake, F. Porsche adagwirizana ndi wopanga Auto Union, omwe adapanga mtundu wamtundu wa 22 wothamanga. Galimotoyo inali ndi injini ya 6-cylinder. Wopangayo adatenganso nawo gawo popanga VW Kafer. Zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa zinathandiza woyambitsa mtundu wosankhika kuti atenge nthawi yomweyo malire apamwamba kwambiri pamakampani opanga magalimoto. Nazi zochitika zazikulu zomwe kampaniyo idadutsamo: 1931 - maziko a bizinesi yomwe idzayang'ane pa chitukuko ndi kupanga magalimoto. Poyambirira, inali situdiyo yaing'ono yojambula yomwe idagwirizana ndi makampani odziwika bwino agalimoto panthawiyo. Asanakhazikitsidwe chizindikiro, Ferdinand anagwira ntchito kwa Daimler kwa zaka zoposa 15 (anagwira ntchito ya mlengi wamkulu ndi membala wa bungwe). 1937 - Dzikoli linkafunika galimoto yamasewera yodalirika komanso yodalirika yomwe ingalowe nawo ku European Marathon kuchokera ku Berlin kupita ku Rome. Chochitikacho chinakonzedwa kuti chichitike mu 1939. Komiti ya National Sports inaperekedwa ndi polojekiti ya Ferdinand Porsche Sr., yomwe inavomerezedwa nthawi yomweyo. 1939 - chitsanzo choyamba chikuwonekera, chomwe chidzakhala maziko a magalimoto ambiri otsatira. 1940-1945gg. kupanga magalimoto kwayimitsidwa chifukwa cha kuyambika kwa Nkhondo Yadziko II. Chomera cha Porsche chidzakonzedwanso kuti chikhazikitse ndi kupanga zamoyo zam'madzi, zida zankhondo ndi magalimoto apamsewu kwa oimira likulu. 1945 - mkulu wa kampani amapita kundende chifukwa cha milandu yankhondo (yothandizira kupanga zida zankhondo, mwachitsanzo, thanki yolemera kwambiri Mouse ndi Tiger R). Mphete zamphamvu zimatengedwa ndi mwana wa Ferdinand, Ferry Anton Ernst. Amaganiza zopanga magalimoto amtundu wake. Chitsanzo choyamba chinali cha 356. Analandira injini yoyambira ndi thupi la aluminiyamu. 1948 - Ferry Porsche ilandila satifiketi yopanga serial ya 356. Galimotoyo inalandira seti yathunthu kuchokera ku Kafer, yomwe inali ndi injini ya 4-cylinder yoziziritsa mpweya, kuyimitsidwa ndi kufalitsa. 1950 - Kampaniyo imabwerera ku Stuttgart. Kuyambira chaka chino, magalimoto anasiya kugwiritsa ntchito aluminiyamu kupanga ziwalo za thupi. Ngakhale kuti izi zinapangitsa kuti magalimotowo azilemera pang'ono, anali otetezeka kwambiri. 1951 - amene anayambitsa mtundu wamwalira chifukwa chakuti thanzi lake analowa m'ndende (adatha pafupifupi 2 zaka). Mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 60, kampaniyo inakula kupanga magalimoto okhala ndi matupi amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Komanso, chitukuko chikuchitika kuti apange injini zamphamvu. Choncho, mu 1954 kale anaonekera magalimoto okonzeka ndi injini kuyaka mkati, amene anali ndi buku la malita 1,1, ndipo mphamvu zawo anafika 40 HP. Panthawi imeneyi, mitundu yatsopano ya matupi imawonekera, mwachitsanzo, hardtop (werengani za maonekedwe a matupi otere mu ndemanga zosiyana) ndi roadster (werengani zambiri za mtundu uwu wa thupi pano). Injini ku Volkswagen pang'onopang'ono kuchotsedwa kasinthidwe, ndi analogue awo kuikidwa. Pa mtundu wa 356A, ndizotheka kale kuyitanitsa mayunitsi amagetsi okhala ndi ma camshaft 4. Dongosolo loyatsira limalandira ma coil awiri oyatsira. Mofanana ndi kukonzanso matembenuzidwe amsewu agalimoto, magalimoto amasewera akupangidwa, mwachitsanzo, 550 Spyder. 1963-76gg. Galimoto ya kampani ya banja yakwanitsa kale kukhala ndi mbiri yabwino. Pofika nthawi imeneyo, chitsanzo anali atalandira kale mndandanda awiri - A ndi B. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 60, akatswiri adapanga chitsanzo cha galimoto yotsatira - 695. Pankhani yoti atulutse mndandanda kapena ayi, oyang'anira mtunduwo sanagwirizane. Ena ankakhulupirira kuti galimoto yothamanga inali isanathe gwero lake, pamene ena anali otsimikiza kuti inali nthawi yowonjezera mzere. Mulimonsemo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa kupanga galimoto ina nthawi zonse kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiopsezo chachikulu - omvera sangazindikire, chifukwa chake padzakhala kofunikira kuyang'ana ndalama za polojekiti yatsopano. 1963 - Lingaliro la Porsche 911 linaperekedwa kwa okonda magalimoto ku Frankfurt Motor Show. Pang'onopang'ono, zachilendozo zinali ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimatsogolera - mawonekedwe a injini yakumbuyo, injini ya boxer, kumbuyo kwa gudumu. Komabe, galimotoyo inali ndi zolemba zoyambirira zamasewera. galimoto poyamba anali 2,0-lita injini ndi mphamvu 130 ndiyamphamvu. Pambuyo pake, galimotoyo imakhala gulu lachipembedzo, komanso nkhope ya kampaniyo. 1966 - chitsanzo cha 911, wokondedwa ndi oyendetsa galimoto, amalandira kusintha kwa thupi - Targa (mtundu wosinthika, womwe mungawerenge mwatsatanetsatane padera). Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970 - makamaka zosintha "zoperekedwa" - Carrera RS ndi injini ya 2,7-lita ndi analogi ake - RSR. 1968 - Mdzukulu wa woyambitsa kampaniyo amagwiritsa ntchito 2/3 ya bajeti yapachaka ya kampani kupanga magalimoto 25 amtundu wake - Porsche 917. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti wotsogolera luso adaganiza kuti mtunduwo uyenera kuchita nawo mpikisano wagalimoto wa 24 Le Mans. Izi zidapangitsa kuti banjali lisamavomereze, chifukwa kulephera kwa ntchitoyi kungapangitse kampaniyo kugwa. Ngakhale kuti pali chiwopsezo chachikulu, Ferdinand Piech akuwona mpaka kumapeto, zomwe zimatsogolera kampaniyo kupambana pa mpikisano wotchuka. Mu theka lachiwiri la 60s, chitsanzo china chinatulutsidwa mndandanda. Mgwirizano wa Porsche-Volkswagen unagwira ntchitoyo. Mfundo ndi yakuti VW anafunika galimoto masewera, ndipo Porshe anafunika chitsanzo latsopano kuti adzakhala wolowa m'malo 911, koma Baibulo ake mtengo ndi injini 356. 1969 - kupanga olowa chitsanzo kupanga Volkswagen-Porsche 914 akuyamba. M'galimoto, injiniyo inali pomwepo kumbuyo kwa mipando yakutsogolo kupita ku chitsulo chakumbuyo. Thupi kale ankakonda Targa ambiri, ndi mphamvu unit anali 4 kapena 6 yamphamvu. Chifukwa cha njira yolakwika yotsatsa malonda, komanso mawonekedwe osazolowereka, chitsanzocho sichinalandire yankho loterolo. 1972 - Kampaniyo idasintha mawonekedwe ake kuchoka pabizinesi yabanja kupita pagulu. Tsopano adalandira mawu oyambira AG m'malo mwa KG. Ngakhale kuti banja la Porsche linataya mphamvu zonse za kampaniyo, likulu lalikulu lidali m'manja mwa Ferdinand Jr. Zina zonse zidakhala za VW nkhawa. Kampaniyo inatsogoleredwa ndi wogwira ntchito ku dipatimenti ya chitukuko cha injini - Ernst Furman. Cholinga chake choyamba chinali kuyambitsa kupanga 928 ndi injini ya 8-cylinder yomwe ili kutsogolo. Galimotoyo inalowa m'malo mwa 911 yotchuka. Mpaka kuchoka ku malo a CEO mu 80s, mzere wa galimoto wotchuka sunayambe. 1976 - pansi pa galimoto "Porsche" panali mayunitsi mphamvu bwenzi - VW. Chitsanzo cha zitsanzo zoterezi ndi 924, 928 ndi 912. Kampaniyo imayang'ana kwambiri za chitukuko cha magalimoto awa. 1981 - Furman amachotsedwa paudindo wa CEO, ndipo manejala Peter Schutz amasankhidwa m'malo mwake. Paulamuliro wake, 911 imabwereranso ku malo ake omwe sanatchulidwe ngati mtundu wamtundu wamtunduwu. Amalandira zosintha zingapo zakunja ndi zaukadaulo, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa muzolemba za mndandanda. Kotero, pali kusinthidwa kwa Carrera ndi injini, yomwe mphamvu yake imafika 231 hp, Turbo ndi Carrera Clubsport. 1981-88 rally model 959 amapangidwa. Zinali mwaluso weniweni wa uinjiniya: 6-lita 2,8-silinda injini ndi turbocharger awiri anayamba mphamvu ya 450hp, magudumu anayi pagalimoto, kuyimitsidwa adaptive ndi absorbers anayi mantha pa gudumu (ikhoza kusintha chilolezo galimoto), Kevlar. thupi. Pampikisano wa Paris-Dakkar wa 1986, galimotoyo idabweretsa malo awiri oyamba pamayimidwe onse. Zosintha zazikulu za 1989-98 za mndandanda wa 911, komanso magalimoto amasewera apatsogolo, amatuluka. Magalimoto atsopano amawonekera - Boxter. Kampaniyo ikukumana ndi nthawi yovuta, yomwe imakhudza kwambiri chuma chake. 1993 - wotsogolera kampani asintha kachiwiri. Tsopano ndi V. Wiedeking. Kuchokera mu 81 mpaka 93, otsogolera 4 adasinthidwa. Mavuto apadziko lonse a 90s adasiya chizindikiro chake pakupanga magalimoto amtundu wotchuka waku Germany. Mpaka 96, mtunduwo umasintha mitundu yamakono, kulimbikitsa injini, kuwongolera kuyimitsidwa ndikusintha mawonekedwe a thupi (koma osasiya mawonekedwe apamwamba a Porsche). 1996 - kupanga latsopano "nkhope" kampani akuyamba - chitsanzo 986 Boxter. Zachilendo ntchito boxer motor (motsutsa), ndipo thupi anapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a roadster. Ndi chitsanzo ichi, bizinesi ya kampaniyo idayamba pang'ono. Galimotoyo idatchuka mpaka 2003, pomwe 955 Cayenne idawonekera pamsika. Chomera chimodzi sichingathe kupirira katunduyo, motero kampaniyo ikumanga mafakitale ena angapo. 1998 - kupanga kwa "air" kosinthidwa kwa 911 kwatsekedwa, ndipo mwana wamwamuna woyambitsa kampaniyo, Ferry Porsche, amwalira. 1998 - Carrera yemwe wasinthidwa (m'badwo wachinayi wosinthika) akuwonekera, komanso mitundu iwiri ya okonda magalimoto - 4 Turbo ndi GT966 (asintha chidule cha RS). 2002 - Pa Geneva Motor Show, mtunduwo umapereka galimoto yamasewera ya Cayenne. Mu njira zambiri, ndi ofanana ndi VW Touareg, chifukwa chitukuko cha galimoto imeneyi inachitika limodzi ndi mtundu "zokhudzana" (kuyambira 1993, udindo wa CEO wa Volkswagen wakhala wotanganidwa ndi mdzukulu wa Ferdinand Porsche F. Ndinali kumwa). 2004 - Lingaliro la supercar Carrera GT, lomwe linawonetsedwa ku Geneva Motor Show mu 2000, likulowa mndandanda. Zachilendo analandira 10 yamphamvu V woboola pakati injini malita 5,7 ndi mphamvu pazipita 612 HP. thupi la galimotoyo linapangidwa pang'ono ndi zinthu zophatikizika, zomwe zinali zochokera ku carbon fiber. Mphamvu yamagetsi idaphatikizidwa ndi bokosi la 6-liwiro lokhala ndi clutch ya ceramic. Ma brake system anali ndi mapadi a carbon ceramic. Mpaka 2007, malinga ndi zotsatira za mpikisano wa Nurburgring, galimotoyi inali yothamanga kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pakati pa zitsanzo zamsewu zosalekeza. Mbiri yamaphunziroyi idathyoledwa ndi ma milliseconds 50 okha ndi Pagani Zonda F. Mpaka pano, kampaniyo ikupitiliza kusangalatsa okonda masewera oyendetsa magalimoto apamwamba ndikutulutsa mitundu yatsopano yamphamvu kwambiri, monga 300 horsepower Panamera mu 2010 ndi 40 horsepower Cayenne Coupe (2019). Chimodzi mwazopanga kwambiri chinali Cayenne Turbo Coupe. Mphamvu yake yamagetsi imapanga mphamvu ya 550hp. 2019 - Kampaniyo idalipitsidwa chindapusa cha 535 miliyoni chifukwa ma injini omwe adagwiritsa ntchito kuchokera ku Audi, omwe, malinga ndi zachilengedwe, sanakwaniritse zomwe zanenedwa. Eni ndi oyang'anira Kampaniyo idakhazikitsidwa ndi wopanga ku Germany F. Porsche Sr. mu 1931. Poyamba, inali kampani yotsekedwa yomwe inali ya banja. Chifukwa cha mgwirizano yogwira ndi "Volkswagen" mtundu anasamukira ku udindo wa kampani pagulu, bwenzi waukulu amene anali VW. Izi zinachitika mu 1972. M'mbiri yonse ya mtunduwu, banja la Porsche lakhala ndi gawo la mkango wa likulu. Zina zonse zinali za mlongo wake mtundu wa VW. Zogwirizana m'lingaliro lakuti CEO wa VW kuyambira 1993 ndi mdzukulu wa woyambitsa Porsche, Ferdinand Piech. Mu 2009, Piech adasaina mgwirizano wophatikiza makampani am'banja kukhala gulu limodzi. Kuyambira 2012, mtunduwo wakhala ukugwira ntchito ngati gawo lapadera la gulu la VAG. Mbiri ya logo M'mbiri yonse ya mtundu wapamwamba, zitsanzo zonse zinkavala ndikuvalabe chizindikiro chimodzi. Chizindikirocho chikuwonetsa chishango chamitundu itatu, chapakati chomwe chili ndi mawonekedwe a kavalo woweta. Mbali yakumbuyo (chishango chokhala ndi tinyanga ndi mikwingwirima yofiira ndi yakuda) idatengedwa kuchokera ku Free People's State of Württemberg, yomwe idakhala mpaka 1945. Hatchiyo inatengedwa ku malaya amtundu wa mzinda wa Stuttgart (unali likulu la Württemberg). Chinthu ichi chinali kukumbukira chiyambi cha mzindawo - poyamba unakhazikitsidwa ngati famu yaikulu akavalo (mu 950). Chizindikiro cha Porsche chinawonekera mu 1952, pamene malo amtunduwo adafika ku United States. Asanayambe zizindikiro zamakampani, magalimoto anali ndi zolemba za Porsche. Kutenga nawo mbali pa mpikisano Kuyambira chiyambi cha galimoto yamasewera, kampaniyo yatenga nawo mbali pamipikisano yosiyanasiyana yamagalimoto. Zina mwazopambana za mtunduwo ndi izi: Kupambana mipikisano ya Maola 24 ya Le Mans (356 yokhala ndi thupi la aluminiyamu); Mipikisano m'misewu ya Mexico Carrera Panamericanna (yochitidwa kwa zaka 4 kuyambira 1950); Mpikisano wopirira ku Italy Mille Miglia, womwe unachitika m'misewu ya anthu (kuyambira 1927 mpaka 57); Kuthamanga pamisewu yapagulu ku Sicily Targo Florio (kumene kunachitika mu 1906-77); Mpikisano wothamanga wa maola 12 m’gawo la malo amene kale anali bwalo la ndege mumzinda wa Sebring ku Florida, USA (ukuchitika chaka chilichonse kuyambira 1952); Mipikisano panjira ya German Automobile Club ku Nürburgring, yomwe yakhala ikuchitika kuyambira 1927; mpikisano wothamanga ku Monte Carlo; Rally Paris-Dakkar. Zonse pamodzi, chizindikirocho chili ndi zopambana 28 pamipikisano yonse yomwe yatchulidwa. Lineup Mndandanda wa kampaniyo umaphatikizapo magalimoto ofunika awa. Prototypes 1947-48 - Prototype #1 kutengera VW Kafer. Chitsanzocho chinatchedwa 356. Mphamvu yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito momwemo inali ya mtundu wa boxer. 1988 - womulowetsa ku Panamera, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi chassis ya 922 ndi 993.

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