Chifukwa chiyani kulipiritsa mwachangu ndi kufa kwa mabatire
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Chifukwa chiyani kulipiritsa mwachangu ndi kufa kwa mabatire

Akufuna kusintha mafuta, komabe ali ndi cholakwika chachikulu chomwe opanga samangokhala chete.

M'badwo wa Malasha wakumbukiridwa kwanthawi yayitali. Nthawi yamafuta ikufikanso kumapeto. M'zaka khumi zapitazi za XNUMX, tikukhala m'nthawi ya mabatire.

Chifukwa chomwe kulipiritsa mwachangu ndi imfa ya mabatire

NTCHITO YAWO yakhala yofunika kuyambira pomwe magetsi adalowa m'moyo wa anthu. Koma tsopano zochitika zitatu mwadzidzidzi zapangitsa kuti kusungira mphamvu ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Njira yoyamba ndiyo kuchulukirachulukira kwa zida zam'manja - mafoni a m'manja, mapiritsi, ma laputopu... M'mbuyomu, tinkafunikira mabatire a zinthu monga tochi, mawailesi am'manja ndi zida zam'manja - zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mochepa. Masiku ano, aliyense ali ndi foni yam'manja imodzi, yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi nthawi zonse komanso popanda zomwe moyo wawo umakhala wosatheka.

ZOCHITIKA ZACHIWIRI ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu komanso kusiyana kwadzidzidzi pakati pa nsonga za kupanga magetsi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Zinali zophweka: eni ake akayatsa masitovu ndi ma TV madzulo, ndipo kumwa kumawonjezeka kwambiri, ogwira ntchito zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi magetsi a nyukiliya amangowonjezera mphamvu. Koma izi sizingatheke kuchita ndi mbadwo wa dzuwa ndi mphepo: chiwongoladzanja chopanga nthawi zambiri chimapezeka panthawi yomwe kumwa kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Choncho, mphamvu ziyenera kusungidwa mwanjira ina. Chosankha ndi chomwe chimatchedwa "hydrogen society", momwe magetsi amasinthidwa kukhala haidrojeni ndiyeno amadyetsa mafuta mu gridi ndi magalimoto amagetsi. Koma mtengo wamtengo wapatali wazinthu zofunikira komanso zokumbukira zoipa zaumunthu za haidrojeni ("Hindenburg", etc.) zikusiya lingaliro ili kumbuyo kwa tsopano.

Chifukwa chomwe kulipiritsa mwachangu ndi imfa ya mabatire

Zomwe zimatchedwa "ma gridi anzeru" zimayang'ana m'maganizo am'madipatimenti otsatsa: magalimoto amagetsi amalandira mphamvu zochulukirapo pakupanga, kenako, ngati kuli kofunikira, amatha kuzibwezera pa gridi. Komabe, mabatire amakono sanakonzekere zovuta zotere.

YANKHO LINA LOTSATIRA pavutoli likulonjeza chinthu chachitatu: kusinthidwa kwa injini zoyaka zamkati ndi magalimoto amagetsi a batri (BEVs). Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zotsutsana ndi magalimoto amagetsi awa ndikuti atha kukhala otenga nawo mbali pa gululi ndikutenga zotsalira kuti abwezeretse zikafunika.

Wopanga aliyense wa EV, kuyambira Tesla kupita ku Volkswagen, amagwiritsa ntchito lingaliroli muzinthu zawo za PR. Komabe, palibe aliyense wa iwo amene amadziwa zomwe zimamveka bwino kwa mainjiniya: mabatire amakono siabwino pantchito yotere.

LITHIUM-ION TECHNOLOGY yomwe ikulamulira pamsika lero ndipo imapereka ku chibangili chanu cholimbitsa thupi kupita ku Tesla Model S yachangu kwambiri ili ndi zabwino zambiri pamalingaliro akale monga asidi a lead kapena mabatire a nickel iron hydride. Koma ilinso ndi zoperewera ndipo koposa zonse, chizolowezi cha ukalamba ..

Chifukwa chomwe kulipiritsa mwachangu ndi imfa ya mabatire

Anthu ambiri amaganiza za mabatire ngati mtundu wa chubu momwe magetsi "amayendera" mwanjira inayake. Mwachizolowezi, komabe, mabatire samasunga magetsi pawokha. Amagwiritsa ntchito kuyambitsa kusintha kwamankhwala ena. Kenako atha kuyambitsa zosiyana ndikubweza mlandu wawo.

Kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion, momwe magetsi amathandizira potulutsa magetsi zimawoneka motere: ma ion lithiamu amapangidwa pa anode mu batri. Awa ndi maatomu a lithiamu, omwe aliwonse ataya electron imodzi. Ma ayoni amayenda kudzera mumagetsi a electrolyte kupita ku cathode. Ndipo ma elekitironi omasulidwa amayendetsedwa kudzera pamagetsi, kutipatsa mphamvu zomwe tikufunikira. Batire ikatsegulidwa kuti izilipiritsa, njirayi imasinthidwa ndipo ma ayoni amatengedwa ndi ma elekitironi omwe atayika.

Chifukwa chomwe kulipiritsa mwachangu ndi imfa ya mabatire

"Kukula" ndi mankhwala a lithiamu kumatha kuyambitsa kanthawi kochepa ndikuyatsa batire.

Tsoka ilo, kusokonekera kwapamwamba komwe kumapangitsa lithiam kwambiri kuti akonzenso mabatire alinso ndi vuto linalake - limayamba kutenga nawo mbali m'magazi ena osafunikira. Choncho, wosanjikiza woonda wa mankhwala a lithiamu pang'onopang'ono amapanga pa anode, zomwe zimasokoneza zomwe zimachitika. Ndipo kotero mphamvu ya batri imachepa. Ikamakwera kwambiri ndikutulutsa, m'pamenenso zokutira uku kumakulirakulira. Nthawi zina zimatha kumasula zomwe zimatchedwa "dendrites" - ganizirani ma stalactites a lithiamu mankhwala - omwe amachokera ku anode kupita ku cathode ndipo, ngati afika, amatha kuzungulira ndikuyatsa batri.

Kuzungulira kulikonse ndi kutulutsa kumafupikitsa moyo wa batri ya lithiamu-ion. Koma kuthamangitsa mwachangu kwaposachedwa ndi magawo atatu kumathandizira kwambiri ntchitoyi. Kwa mafoni a m'manja, ichi si chotchinga chachikulu kwa opanga; mulimonsemo, amafuna kukakamiza ogwiritsa ntchito kusintha zida zawo zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zilizonse.Koma magalimoto ndizovuta.

Chifukwa chomwe kulipiritsa mwachangu ndi imfa ya mabatire

Kuti akope ogula kuti agule magalimoto amagetsi, opanga amafunikanso kuwakopa posankha mwachangu. Koma malo othamanga ngati Ionity sioyenera kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mtengo WA BATTERI NDI CHACHITATU CHINA komanso kuposa mtengo wonse wagalimoto yamagetsi yamasiku ano. Kuti atsimikizire makasitomala awo kuti sakugula bomba logwedeza, onse opanga amapereka chitsimikizo chosiyana, chachitali pa mabatire. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuti apangitse magalimoto awo kukhala okopa maulendo ataliatali, amadalira kulipiritsa mofulumira. Mpaka posachedwa, malo othamangitsira othamanga kwambiri amagwira ntchito pa 50 kilowatts. Koma Mercedes EQC yatsopano ikhoza kulipiritsa mpaka 110 kW, Audi e-tron ikhoza kulipiritsa mpaka 150 kW, yomwe imaperekedwa ndi masiteshoni a European Ionity, ndipo Tesla akukonzekera kukweza bar.

Opangawa amafulumira kuvomereza kuti kubweza mwachangu kumawononga mabatire. Malo onga ngati Ionity ndioyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwadzidzidzi munthu atabwera kuchokera kutali ndipo alibe nthawi yochepa. Kupanda kutero, kuyendetsa batri yanu pang'onopang'ono ndi njira yabwino.

Momwe zimakhalira ndi kutulutsidwa ndikofunikanso pa moyo wake. Chifukwa chake, opanga ambiri samalimbikitsa kubweza pamwamba pa 80% ndi pansi pa 20%. Ndi njirayi, batire la lithiamu-ion limataya pafupifupi pafupifupi 2% yamphamvu zake pachaka. Chifukwa chake, imatha kukhala zaka 10, kapena mpaka 200 km, mphamvu yake isanatsike kwakuti imakhala yosagwiritsidwa ntchito mgalimoto.

Chifukwa chomwe kulipiritsa mwachangu ndi imfa ya mabatire

Pomaliza, zowonadi, MOYO WA BATTERY umadalira kapangidwe kake kapadera. Ndizosiyana ndi wopanga aliyense, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zatsopano kotero kuti sizikudziwika kuti zidzakalamba bwanji pakapita nthawi. Opanga angapo kale akulonjeza mbadwo watsopano wa mabatire okhala ndi moyo wa "miliyoni miliyoni" (ma kilomita 1.6 miliyoni). Malinga ndi Elon Musk, Tesla akugwira ntchito imodzi mwa izo. Kampani yaku China CATL, yomwe imapereka zinthu kwa BMW ndi makampani ena khumi ndi awiri, yalonjeza kuti batire yake yotsatira izikhala zaka 16, kapena ma kilomita 2 miliyoni. General Motors ndi LG Chem yaku Korea akupanganso ntchito yofananayo. Makampani aliwonsewa ali ndi njira zawo zamakono zomwe akufuna kuyesa m'moyo weniweni. GM, mwachitsanzo, idzagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zatsopano kuti chinyezi chisalowe m'ma cell a batri, chomwe chimayambitsa lithiamu kukulira pa cathode. Tekinoloje ya CATL imawonjezera zotayidwa ku anode ya nickel-cobalt-manganese. Izi sizimangochepetsa kufunika kwa cobalt, komwe pakadali pano ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri pazopangira izi, komanso kumawonjezera moyo wa batri. Osachepera ndi zomwe akatswiri aku China amayembekeza. Ofuna makasitomala amasangalala kudziwa ngati lingaliro limagwira ntchito.

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