Chitetezo chokhazikika ngati lingaliro laling'ono

Ndi galimoto yatsopano kapena mbadwo womwe ukulowa mumsika, zimakhala zowonekeratu kuti mayeso oyeserera omwe adadutsa, mwachizolowezi, adzayamikiridwa kwathunthu. Makina opanga makina onse amakonda kudzitama kuti malonda awo atsopanowa amakwaniritsa miyezo yachitetezo chokhwima chaka ndi chaka, ndikuwunikiranso kwambiri ngati angawonjezere chitetezo chomwe sichinapezeke pamzerewu (monga njira yopewa kugunda kwamatauni). liwiro la chizindikiro cha radar).

Koma zonse zikhala bwino. Kodi kuyesedwa kwa ngozi ndi chiyani? Izi ndizoyesedwa zopangidwa ndi akatswiri makamaka kuti atengere moyenera mitundu ina yazadzidzidzi zomwe zimangochitika mwangozi kapena mwangozi tsiku ndi tsiku. Amakhala ndi zigawo zazikulu zitatu:

• kukonzekera kuyesa (mwachitsanzo, kukonzekera magalimoto, ma dummies, makamera, zida zoyezera, kuwerengera komwe kukuchitika, kuyeza ndikukonzekera zina),
• kwambiri kuyesa kuwonongeka,
• kusanthula zodziwitsidwa komanso zolemba ndikuwunikanso kwawo pambuyo pake.

Yuro NCAP

Pofuna kubisa zonse zomwe zimayesedwa, mayesowa samakhala ndi chiwonongeko chimodzi, koma, monga lamulo, oyang'anira "amathyola" magalimoto angapo. Ku Europe, mayeso odziwika kwambiri pangozi akuchitika ndi Euro NCAP Consortium. Mwa njira yatsopanoyi, kuyesa kumagawika m'magulu anayi. Choyamba chimakhudza chitetezo cha okwera akuluakulu ndipo chimakhala ndi:

• Kunyanyala kutsogolo pa liwiro la 64 km / h kupita ku chotchinga chopunduka chomwe chimakhala ndi 40% yamagalimoto ndi chopinga (mwachitsanzo 60% yakutsogolo kwa galimotoyo sichimakumana koyamba ndi chotchinga), komwe chitetezo cha achikulire pamutu , khosi, chifuwa chimayang'aniridwa mosamala (kanyumba ndi katundu mukamatsika ndi lamba), ntchafu ndi mawondo (kulumikizana ndi gawo lakumunsi kwa bolodi), kumeta nde, komanso kwa woyendetsa ndi mapazi, (ngozi yoyendetsa gulu) . Chitetezo cha mipando yokha komanso kukhazikika kwa khola loyendetsa thupi zimayesedwanso. Opanga atha kulemba chitetezo chofananacho kwa okwera okwera kuposa ma manququins kapena mannequins. mu mpando wosiyana. Malo opitilira 16 adzapatsidwa gawo ili.
• Bkugunda diso ndi chotchinga chopunduka pa liwiro la 50 km / h kupita pagalimoto yokhazikika, komwe chitetezo cha wamkulu chimayang'anidwanso, makamaka mafupa ake a m'chiuno, pachifuwa ndi kumutu polumikizana ndi mbali yagalimoto, kapena mphamvu ya mikwingwirima yam'mbali ndi yam'mutu. Apa galimoto akhoza kupeza munthu pazipita mfundo 8.
• Kugundana kwammbali kwa galimoto yokhala ndi mzere wokhazikika pa liwiro la 29 Km / h sikuli kovomerezeka, koma opanga magalimoto akukwaniritsa kale nthawi zonse, chikhalidwe chokha ndicho kukhalapo kwa airbags kumutu. Ziwalo zomwezo za thupi la munthu wamkulu zimawunikidwa monga momwe zimachitikira m'mbuyomo. Komanso - pazipita 8 mfundo.
• Ochitetezo cha msana kumbuyo, ichinso ndiyeso chomaliza kwa okwera akuluakulu. Maonekedwe a mpando ndi mbali ya mutu zimayendetsedwa, ndipo n'zochititsa chidwi kuti mipando yambiri ikuchitabe bwino lero. Apa mutha kupeza ma point 4.

Gulu lachiwiri la mayeso limaperekedwa kuchitetezo cha okwera m'galimoto ya ana, kuwayika kukhazikitsa ndi kuphatikiza mipando ndi njira zina zachitetezo.

• A dummy awiri amawoneka. ana miyezi 18 ndi 36ili m'mipando yamagalimoto m'mipando yakumbuyo. Zoyenda zonse zomwe zatchulidwazi ziyenera kulembedwa, kupatula kuyerekezera kwakumbuyo. Atamaliza bwino, dummies onse amatha kulandira mfundo zopitilira 12 mosadutsana.
• Pansipa pali mulingo wa mfundo zinayi zokulira poikapo mpando wamagalimoto, ndipo zosankha zawozo zimapereka mfundo ziwiri zokometsera mpando wamagalimoto.
• Mapeto a gulu lachiwiri ndikuwunika kwa chikhazikitso chokwanira cha airbag yonyamula pazenera, kuwonetsa kuthekera kozimitsa chikwama chonyamula anthu komanso kuthekera kolowetsa mpando wagalimoto mbali inayo, kupezeka kwa malamba okhala ndi mfundo zitatu ndi machenjezo. Mfundo 13 zokha.

Gulu lachitatu limayang'anira chitetezo cha anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chambiri - oyenda pansi. Zimakhala:

• Npa mtengo zotsatira zoyeserera mutu wamwana (2,5 kg) a mutu wachikulire (4,8 kg) pagalimoto, mwaluso pamalingaliro 24 (zindikirani: zotsatira zabwinobwino za mfundo 16-18, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale magalimoto okhala ndi chiwonkhetso chonse nthawi zambiri samafika pamlingo wokwanira).
• Chilonda cham'mimba m'mphepete mwa bonnet wokhala ndi ziwerengero zochepa za 6 (nthawi zambiri malo owopsa kwambiri ovulala pansi, okhala ndi pafupifupi XNUMX).
• Kankha o bampala wapakati komanso wotsika, pomwe magalimoto nthawi zambiri amapeza mfundo zokwanira 6.

Gawo lomaliza, lomaliza, lachinayi likuwunika machitidwe othandizira.

• Mukhozanso kulandira zikumbutso za kusavala malamba ndi kukhalapo kwa dongosolo lamakono lokhazikika - pazigawo zitatu, galimotoyo imapeza zochepetsera liwiro, ngati itayikidwa.

Zotsatira zake zonse, monga ambirife tikudziwira kale, zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa nyenyezi, pomwe nyenyezi zisanu zimatanthauza chitetezo chabwinoko, chomwe chimachepa pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwa nyenyezi kumachepa. Zolingazo zalimbikitsidwa pang'onopang'ono kuyambira kuyesedwa kwa ngozi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti galimoto yomwe imalandira nyenyezi zonse poyambitsa idzakwaniritsa chitetezo, mwachitsanzo, pagulu la nyenyezi zitatu (onani zotsatira za nyenyezi zitatu zaposachedwa za Peugeot 5 / Citroen C107 / Toyota katatu Aygo, wokhala ndi mbiri yabwino kwambiri panthawi yolowera msika).

Njira zowunikira

Kupatula apo, magalimoto amakono amayenera kukwaniritsa mfundo ziti kuti anyadire kuchuluka kwa "nyenyezi"? Zotsatira zomaliza zimaperekedwa potengera kuchuluka kwa magulu onse anayi omwe atchulidwa, monga gawo.

NCAP yaposachedwa idapangidwa kuti 5 nyenyezi mlingo ndi phindu lochepa:

• 80% ya pafupifupi,
• Kuteteza kwa 80% kwa okwera achikulire,
• 75% yoteteza ana,
• Chitetezo cha oyenda 60%,
• 60% yamachitidwe othandizira.

4 nyenyezi mlingo galimoto ikuyenera kutsatira kuti:

• 70% ya pafupifupi,
• Kuteteza kwa 70% kwa okwera achikulire,
• 60% yoteteza ana,
• Chitetezo cha oyenda 50%,
• 40% yamachitidwe othandizira.

Kupambana kwa nyenyezi 3 adavotera:

• 60% ya pafupifupi,
• Kuteteza kwa 40% kwa okwera achikulire,
• 30% yoteteza ana,
• Chitetezo cha oyenda 25%,
• 25% yamachitidwe othandizira.

Pomaliza, m'malingaliro mwanga, ndidafika pamfundo yofunika kwambiri pankhaniyi, yomwe idalinso chilimbikitso choyamba pamutuwu. Dzinalo limalifotokoza molondola kwambiri. Munthu amene aganiza zogula galimoto yatsopano chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito njira zaposachedwa kwambiri zachitetezo, motero chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri, ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti akugulabe chitsulo chachitsulo ndi "bokosi" la pulasitiki lomwe lingasunthe kwenikweni. liwiro lowopsa. Kuphatikiza apo, kufalitsa kwathunthu kwamphamvu panjira kumatsimikiziridwa ndi malo anayi okha olumikizana ndi matayala a "bambo" wamba. Kuti ngakhale mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri waposachedwa uli ndi malire ake ndipo adapangidwa ndi zovuta zomwe akatswiri adaziwona panthawi ya chitukuko, koma chimachitika ndi chiyani tikasintha malamulowo? Izi ndizomwe bungwe la American Highway Traffic Safety Organisation limatcha INSURANCE INSTITUTE YOKUTHANDIZA NJIRA kale mu 2008 pansi pa dzina Kuyesa kwakanthawi kochepa... Mwa njira, amadziwika kuti ndi ovuta kuposa ku Europe, kuphatikiza kuyesa kwa ma SUV (omwe amafotokozedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa omwe angathe kuphulika), omwe amachita bwino kwambiri pambuyo pa vuto lalikulu.

Kuyesa kwakanthawi kochepa

Kapenanso: kukhudzidwa pamutu pachopinga cholimba chomwe chimakumana pang'ono. Uku ndikuwombana pamutu pa liwiro la 64 km / h kukhala chopinga chosasunthika (chosasunthika) chophatikizira ndi 20% yokha (galimotoyo imakumana ndipo choyambirira imagunda cholepheretsa pa 20% yowonera kutsogolo dera, otsala 80% samakhudza chopinga panthawi yomwe amayamba). Kuyesaku kumafanana ndi zomwe zimachitika pambuyo poyesa koyamba kupewa zopinga ngati mtengo. Mulingo wokulirawu umakhala ndimayendedwe anayi amawu: chabwino, chilungamo, malire, ndi ofooka. Zachidziwikire kuti mukuyankhula chifukwa ndizofanana ndi dziko lathu ku Europe (40% ikulumikizana komanso yotchinga). Komabe, zotsatira zake zinaimitsa aliyense, popeza nthawi imeneyo ngakhale magalimoto otetezeka kwambiri sanapangidwe kuti izi zitheke ndipo anapatsa woyendetsa kuvulala koopsa ngakhale pa liwiro la "mzinda". Nthawi yapita patsogolo, monganso opanga ena pankhaniyi. Zikuwonekeratu kuwona kusiyana pakati pa mtundu womwe wakonzekera mtundu wamtunduwu, ndi mtundu womwe opanga sanapereke maloboti ambiri. Volvo ili molondola pankhani yachitetezo iyi ndipo yatengera mitundu yatsopano (2012) S60 ndi XC60, chifukwa chake siziyenera kudabwitsa kuti magalimoto adalandira mavoti abwino kwambiri. Adadabwitsanso mini iQ iQ, yomwe idachitanso bwino kwambiri. Koposa zonse, ndidadabwitsidwa ndi mtundu waposachedwa wa BMW 3 F30, omwe oyang'anira adavotera kuti ndi ochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu iwiri ya Lexus (monga mphukira zapamwamba kwambiri za mtundu wa Toyota) siyinapeze mavoti okhutiritsa kwambiri. Pali mitundu yambiri yotsimikizika, yonseyi imapezeka momasuka pa netiweki.