Ma axles agalimoto okwera
nkhani

Ma axles agalimoto okwera

Axle ndi gawo la galimoto yomwe mawilo awiri otsutsana (kumanja ndi kumanzere) amangiriridwa / kuyimitsidwa ku gawo lothandizira la galimotoyo.

Mbiri ya chitsulo chogwira matayala imabwerera m'masiku a ngolo zokokedwa ndi mahatchi, komwe ma axle a magalimoto oyamba adabwerekedwa. Ma axel awa anali osavuta pamapangidwe, makamaka, mawilo anali olumikizidwa ndi shaft yolumikizidwa mozungulira pafelemu popanda kuyimitsidwa kulikonse.

Pakukula kwa magalimoto kumakulanso, ma axles adakulanso. Kuchokera pama axles osakhazikika mpaka akasupe amasamba kupita akasupe amakono azinthu zingapo kapena ma air bellows.

Ma axles a magalimoto amakono ndi dongosolo lovuta kwambiri, lomwe ntchito yake ndikupereka kuyendetsa bwino komanso kuyendetsa bwino. Popeza mapangidwe awo ndi chinthu chokha chomwe chimagwirizanitsa galimoto ndi msewu, amakhalanso ndi mphamvu yaikulu pachitetezo chogwira ntchito cha galimoto.

Chitsulo chogwirizira chimalumikiza matayala ndi chassis chimango kapena thupi lamagalimoto lenileni. Imasunthira kulemera kwagalimoto kuma mawilo, komanso amasamutsa mphamvu zoyenda, ma braking ndi inertia. Imapereka chitsogozo cholondola komanso chokwanira chamayendedwe olumikizidwa.

Chitsulo chogwira matayala ndi gawo losasunthika lagalimoto, chifukwa chake opanga amayesa kupanga zabwino zake pakupanga ma alloys opepuka. Ma axles ogawanika amapangidwa ndi shafts zosiyana.

Ma axles agalimoto okwera

Ogawana kugawanika

Mwa kapangidwe

  • Ma axel okhwima.
  • Nkhwangwa makina.

Pogwira ntchito

  • Driving axle - chitsulo chagalimoto, komwe ma torque a injini amatumizidwa ndi mawilo omwe amayendetsa galimotoyo.
  • Choyendetsa (choyendetsedwa) - chitsulo chagalimoto chomwe injini sichimatumizidwa, ndipo imakhala ndi chonyamulira kapena chiwongolero chokha.
  • Chiwongolero ndi chitsulo chowongolera chomwe chimayang'anira mayendedwe agalimoto.

Malinga ndi kamangidwe kake

  • Kutsogolo axle.
  • Olamulira apakatikati.
  • Chitsulo chogwira matayala kumbuyo.

Mwa kapangidwe ka magudumu

  • Kuyika kodalira (kokhazikika) - magudumu amalumikizidwa mosinthana ndi mtanda (mlatho). Chingwe cholimba choterechi chimadziwika ngati thupi limodzi, ndipo mawilo amalumikizana.
  • Nmayendedwe odziyimira pawokha - gudumu lililonse limayimitsidwa padera, mawilo samakhudzana mwachindunji akamaphuka.

Ntchito yokonza magudumu

  • Lolani gudumu kuti liziyenda molunjika mogwirizana ndi chimango kapena thupi.
  • Tumizani magulu pakati pa gudumu ndi chimango (thupi).
  • Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, onetsetsani kuti mawilo onse amalumikizana ndi mseu nthawi zonse.
  • Chotsani magudumu osafunikira (mpukutu wammbali).
  • Thandizani kuwongolera.
  • Thandizani braking + kulanda kwa braking force.
  • Yesetsani kutumiza kwa torque kumayendedwe oyendetsa.
  • Perekani ulendo wabwino.

Zofunika kupanga kapangidwe

Zosiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zambiri zotsutsana zimayikidwa pazitsulo zamagalimoto. Ma automaker ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana pazofunikira izi ndipo nthawi zambiri amasankha yankho lolekerera.

Mwachitsanzo. pankhani ya magalimoto apansi, kutsindika kumakhala kotsika mtengo komanso kosavuta, pomwe kuli magalimoto apamwamba, kuyendetsa bwino komanso kuyendetsa magudumu ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Mwambiri, ma axles amayenera kuchepetsa kutumizirana kwakanthawi m'galimoto yamagalimoto momwe angathere, kupereka mayendedwe olondola kwambiri komanso olumikizana ndi magudumu, kupanga ndi magwiridwe antchito ndizofunikira, ndipo axle sayenera kuletsa chipinda chonyamula katundu mosafunikira. danga la oyendetsa kapena injini yagalimoto.

  • Kukhazikika ndi kinematic mwatsatanetsatane.
  • Ma geometry ochepa amasintha pakuyimitsidwa.
  • Matayala ochepa.
  • Moyo wautali.
  • Osachepera miyeso ndi kulemera.
  • Kukaniza madera ankhanza.
  • Kutsika kogwiritsa ntchito ndikupanga ndalama.

Mbali chitsulo chogwira matayala

  • Turo.
  • Diski kolesa.
  • Pankakhala.
  • Kuyimitsidwa kwamagudumu.
  • Kusungidwa kosungidwa.
  • Kusinkhasinkha.
  • Damping.
  • Kukhazikika.

Kuyimitsidwa kwamagudumu odalira

Okhazikika olimba

Kapangidwe kake, ndikosavuta kwambiri (kopanda zikhomo ndi kumadalira) ndi mlatho wotsika mtengo. Mtunduwo ndi waomwe amatchedwa kuyimitsidwa modalira. Magudumu onsewa amalumikizana molimbika, tayala limalumikizana ndi mseu kupyola mulingo wonse wopondaponda, ndipo kuyimitsa sikusintha wheelbase kapena malo ofanana. Chifukwa chake, malo ofanana ndi mawilo a axle amakhala okhazikika pamsewu uliwonse. Komabe, pakayimitsidwa njira imodzi, kupindika kwa magudumu onse awiri kumsewu kumasintha.

Chingwe cholimba chimayendetsedwa ndi akasupe a masamba kapena akasupe a koyilo. Akasupe amamasamba amakonzedwa mwachindunji kuthupi kapena chimango chagalimoto ndipo, kuphatikiza pakuyimitsidwa, amaperekanso chiwongolero. Pankhani ya akasupe a koyilo, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowolowera komanso zamtali, popeza sizimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zakutali, mosiyana ndi akasupe amawu.

Chifukwa cha kulimba kwakukulu kwa chitsulo chonsecho, chimagwiritsidwabe ntchito m'ma SUV enieni komanso magalimoto amalonda (zogwiritsidwa ntchito, zojambula). Ubwino wina ndi kukhudzana ndi matayala ndi msewu m'lifupi mwake ndi gudumu lokhazikika.

Zoyipa zazingwe zolimba zimaphatikizira misa yayikulu yosalumikizidwa, yomwe imaphatikizapo kulemera kwa mlatho woloza, kufalitsa (pakakhala chitsulo choyendetsa), mawilo, mabuleki ndipo, mwa zina, kulemera kwa shaft yolumikizira, zotsogolera zowongolera, akasupe. ndi zinthu zosokoneza bongo. Zotsatira zake zimachepetsa kutonthoza m'malo osagwirizana ndikuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito poyendetsa mwachangu. Chowongolera mawilo sichilondola kwenikweni kuposa kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha.

Choyipa china ndi kufunikira kwa danga lapamwamba la mayendedwe a axle (kuyimitsidwa), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe aatali komanso malo apamwamba amphamvu yokoka yagalimoto. Pankhani ya ma axle oyendetsa, zododometsa zimatumizidwa kumadera ozungulira omwe ali mbali ya chitsulo.

Chingwe cholimba chimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gudumu loyenda kutsogolo, komanso choyendetsa galimoto kapena zoyendetsa kumbuyo komanso zoyendetsa.

Okhazikika chitsulo chogwira matayala kapangidwe

Chingwe chosavuta cha mlatho chimayimitsidwa pazitsime za masamba

  • Zambiri zomangamanga.
  • Masika amavomereza kupsinjika kwakanthawi ndi kotumphukira (kwa akasupe akulu).
  • Damping yayikulu mkati (mkangano).
  • Kuika kosavuta.
  • Mkulu zochotsa mphamvu.
  • Kulemera kwakukulu ndi kutalika kwa kasupe.
  • Mtengo wotsika.
  • Katundu wovuta panthawi yamagalimoto osakhalitsa.
  • Pakati pa kuyimitsidwa, axle axle imapindika.
  • Kuti muyende bwino, kutsika kwa kasupe kumafunika - mumafunika akasupe a masamba aatali + kusinthasintha kwapambuyo ndi kukhazikika kwapambuyo.
  • Kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwamphamvu pakumenyetsa ndi kuthamanga, tsamba la masamba limatha kuthandizidwa ndi ndodo zazitali.
  • Akasupe amamasamba amawonjezeredwa ndi zoyamwa.
  • Kwa mawonekedwe opita patsogolo a kasupe, amawonjezeredwa ndi masamba owonjezera (kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono pakuuma kwakukulu) - bogies.
  • Chingwe choterechi sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri poyimitsa magalimoto azonyamula ndi magalimoto ogulitsa ochepa.

Ma axles agalimoto okwera

Panara Barbell 

Kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ndi kukhazikika kwa galimoto, ndikofunikira kuti axle yolimba ndiyomwe imatchedwa yoyenda mbali zonse ziwiri.

Masiku ano, akasupe a coil omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri amalowa m'malo mwa akasupe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale, omwe ntchito yawo yofunikira, kuwonjezera pakuthyola, idalinso chitsogozo cha nkhwangwa. Komabe, akasupe a koyilo alibe ntchitoyi (samatumiza pafupifupi chilichonse chowongolera).

Potembenukira kwina, ndodo ya Panhard kapena mzere wa Watt amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera olamulirawo.

Pankhani ya ndodo ya Panhard, ndiye mfupa yolakalaka yolumikiza chitsulo chogwira matayala ndi chimango kapena thupi lagalimoto. Chosavuta cha kapangidwe kameneka ndikuthamangitsidwa kwotsatira kwa chitsulo chogwirizira ndi galimoto panthawi yoimitsidwa, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka poyendetsa bwino. Vutoli limatha kuthetsedwa ndi kapangidwe kotalika kwambiri, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, kukweza ndodo ya Panhard.

                                                   Ma axles agalimoto okwera

Mzere wa Watt

Mzere wa watt ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwoloka ekseli yolimba yakumbuyo. Amatchedwa dzina la woyambitsa wake James Watt.

Mikono yakumtunda ndi yakumunsi iyenera kukhala yofanana kutalika kwake ndipo chitsulo chogwira matayala chimayenderera molunjika pamsewu. Mukamayendetsa cholumikizira cholimba, pakati pazowongolera za kalozera zimakhazikika pa axle axle ndipo zimalumikizidwa ndi zopindika m'thupi kapena chimango chagalimoto.

Kulumikizaku kumapereka chitsogozo chokhwima chazitsulo, ndikuchotsa mayendedwe ofananira omwe amapezeka poyimitsidwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito ndodo ya Panhard.

Ma axles agalimoto okwera

Kutalika kwa olamulira azitali

Mzere wa Watt ndi cholinga cha Panhard zimakhazikitsira mbali yolowera mbali yokhayo, ndipo chitsogozo chowonjezera chimafunikira kusamutsa mphamvu zakutali. Pachifukwa ichi, manja osavuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwakutero, njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri:

  • Mikono yotsatsira ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri, makamaka m'malo mwa kalozera wa milomo ya lamellar.
  • Mikono inayi yotsatila - mosiyana ndi manja awiri, pamapangidwe awa, kufanana kwa axis kumasungidwa panthawi yoyimitsidwa. Komabe, kuipa kwake ndikolemera pang'ono komanso kapangidwe kake kovutirapo.
  • Njira yachitatu ndikuyendetsa chitsulocho ndi ma longitudinal awiri ndi ma levers awiri. Pachifukwa ichi, manja ena opendekeka amalolanso kuyamwa kwa mphamvu zam'mbali, motero kuchotsa kufunikira kwa chitsogozo chowonjezera chotsatira kudzera pa Panhard bar kapena Watt wowongoka.

Chitsulo cholimba cholimba chokhala ndi 1 yopingasa komanso mikono 4 yotsata

  • 4 trailing mikono ikutsogolera chitsulo chozungulira kutalika.
  • Chingwe chofunira (Panhard rod) chimakhazikika m'mbali mozungulira pambuyo pake.
  • Njirayi idapangidwa kuti igwiritse ntchito zolumikizira mpira ndi mayendedwe a labala.
  • Maulalo akumtunda akakhala kumbuyo kwa chitsulo cholumikizira, maulalo amakumana ndi zovuta zakumapeto kwa braking.

Ma axles agalimoto okwera

Chitsulo cholimba cha De-Dion

Chingwechi chinagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba ndi Count De Dion mu 1896 ndipo chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kumbuyo kwa magalimoto oyendetsa ndi magalimoto amasewera.

Chitsulo chogwira matayala ichi chimakhala ndi zina mwazinthu zolimba, makamaka kukhazikika ndi kulumikizana kotetezeka kwa matayala oyendetsera. Mawilowo amalumikizidwa ndi mlatho wolimba womwe umawongoleredwa ndi Watt yolunjika kapena bar ya Panhard yomwe imatenga mphamvu zofananira. Chitsogozo cha kutalika kwa axle chimakonzedwa ndi zopindika ziwiri. Mosiyana ndi chitsulo cholimba cholumikizira, kufalitsako kumayikidwa pa thupi kapena chimango chagalimoto, ndipo makokedwewo amapatsidwira mawilo pogwiritsa ntchito matondo a PTO.

Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka, kulemera kopanda tanthauzo kumachepa kwambiri. Ndi mtundu uwu wa axle, mabuleki ama disc amatha kuikidwa mwachindunji pakufalitsa, kupititsa patsogolo kuchepa kwa thupi. Pakadali pano, mankhwala amtunduwu sagwiritsidwanso ntchito, mwayi wowawona, mwachitsanzo, pa Alfa Romeo 75.

  • Amachepetsa kukula kwa unyinji wosalumikizidwa wa chitsulo chogwira matayala cholimba.
  • Gearbox + masiyanidwe (mabuleki) wokwera pa thupi.
  • Kungosintha pang'ono pokha poyendetsa bwino poyerekeza ndi chitsulo cholimba.
  • Njira yothetsera vutoli ndiyokwera mtengo kuposa njira zina.
  • Kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali komanso kotenga nthawi yayitali kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito watt-drive (Panhard rod), yolimbitsa (kukhazikika kwotsatira) ndikutsata mikono (kukhazikika kwakanthawi).
  • Otsatira kusamutsidwa PTO migodi amafunika.

Ma axles agalimoto okwera

Kuyimitsidwa kwamagudumu payokha

  • Kuchulukitsa chitonthozo ndi magwiridwe antchito.
  • Zochepa zochepa zolemera (kufalitsa ndi kusiyanitsa sizili mbali ya chitsulo).
  • Pali malo okwanira pakati pa chipinda chosungira injini kapena zinthu zina mgalimoto.
  • Monga lamulo, zomangamanga zovuta kwambiri, kupanga mtengo kwambiri.
  • Kudalirika kochepa komanso kuvala mwachangu.
  • Osayenera malo ovuta.

Mzere wa Trapezoidal

Mzere wa trapezoidal umapangidwa ndi mabwinja oyang'ana kumtunda ndi kutsika, omwe amapanga trapezoid akajambulidwa mu ndege yowongoka. Manja amamangiriridwa ku chitsulo chogwira matayala, kapena pafelemu lagalimoto, kapena, nthawi zina, kumatengera.

Dzanja lakumunsi nthawi zambiri limakhala lolimba chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa ofukula komanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zazitali / zam'mbali. Dzanja lakumtunda ndiloling'ono chifukwa cha malo, monga chitsulo chakumaso ndi malo opatsirana.

Zoyikirazo zimakhala mu tchire la mphira, akasupe nthawi zambiri amakhala pamanja. Pakati pa kuyimitsidwa, kupindika kwa magudumu, chala chakumiyendo, ndi mawilo a wheelbase, zomwe zimakhudza zoyendetsa zamagalimoto. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, mawonekedwe abwino akachisi ndikofunikira, komanso kukonza kwa geometry. Chifukwa chake, mikono iyenera kuyikidwa mofananira momwe angathere kuti gudumu likhale patali kwambiri ndi gudumu.

Njirayi imachepetsa kupindika kwa magudumu ndikusintha magudumu panthawi yoyimitsidwa. Komabe, choyipa ndichakuti pakatikati pa chitsulo cholozera chanyumba cha mseu, chomwe chimasokoneza malo olowera pagalimoto. Mwakuchita kwake, ma levers amakhala amitundumitundu, yomwe imasintha mawonekedwe omwe magudumuwo akaphulika. Zimasinthiranso malo omwe magudumuwa akuyenda pakadali pano komanso malo opendekera chitsulo.

Chingwe cha trapezoidal chakapangidwe koyenera ndi geometry chimatsimikizira kuwongolera koyendetsa magudumu motero chifukwa choyendetsa bwino pagalimoto. Komabe, zovuta ndizomwe zimakhala zovuta komanso zotsika mtengo pakupanga. Pachifukwa ichi, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalimoto okwera mtengo kwambiri (kumapeto mpaka kumapeto kapena magalimoto amasewera).

Chitsulo chogwira matayala cha trapezoidal chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choyendetsa kutsogolo komanso choyendetsa galimoto kapena ngati choyendetsa kumbuyo ndi chitsulo choyendetsa.

Ma axles agalimoto okwera

Kukonzekera kwa Macpherson

Mtundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri wa chitsulo chokhala ndi kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha ndi MacPherson (makamaka McPherson), wotchulidwa ndi mlengi Earl Steele MacPherson.

Chitsulo chogwiritsira ntchito McPherson chimachokera ku chitsulo chogwiritsira ntchito trapezoidal momwe mkono wapamwamba umalowetsedwa ndi njanji yothamanga. Chifukwa chake, pamwamba pake pali yaying'ono kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza malo ambiri oyendetsera kapena. thunthu voliyumu (chitsulo chogwira matayala kumbuyo). Dzanja lakumunsi nthawi zambiri limakhala lamakona atatu ndipo, monga ndi trapezoidal axle, limasunthira gawo lalikulu lamphamvu yakutsogolo ndi kotenga nthawi.

Pankhani ya chitsulo chakumbuyo, nthawi zina chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mfuti yosavuta yomwe imangotumiza mphamvu zokhazokha ndipo imakwaniritsidwa ndi ulalo wotsatira. torsion stabilizer lever yopatsira mphamvu zazitali. Mphamvu zowongoka zimapangidwa ndi damper, yomwe, iyeneranso kukhala mphamvu yometa ubweya wolimba kwambiri chifukwa cha katunduyo.

Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo choyendetsa kutsogolo, chojambulira chapamwamba (pisitoni ndodo) chiyenera kukhala chosinthika. Pofuna kuti kasupe wa coil asazungulike panthawi yokhotakhota, kumapeto kwa kasupe kumathandizidwa mozungulira ndi chozungulira. Kasupe amakhala pa nyumba zosasunthika kuti mayendedwe ake asadzaze ndi owongoka ndipo pasakhale kukangana kwakukulu pakunyamula mozungulira. Komabe, kusamvana kowonjezeka kumabwera chifukwa cha mphamvu zakutsogolo ndi kutalika kwakanthawi kothamangitsana, mabuleki kapena chiwongolero. Chodabwitsachi chimachotsedwa ndi mayankho oyenera monga kupendekera kasupe, kuthandizira kwa mphira kwa othandizira apamwamba komanso mawonekedwe olimba.

Chodabwitsa china chosafunikira ndichizolowezi chosintha kwamagudumu nthawi yoyimitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyendetsa bwino magalimoto kuyende bwino komanso kuyendetsa bwino (kugwedezeka, kufalikira kwa mayendedwe, ndi zina zotero). Pachifukwa ichi, kusintha kosiyanasiyana ndikusinthidwa kuti athetse izi.

Ubwino wa chitsulo cha McPherson ndi njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo yokhala ndi magawo ochepa. Kuwonjezera magalimoto ang'onoang'ono ndi otchipa, zosintha zosiyanasiyana "McPherson" amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto yapakatikati, makamaka chifukwa kamangidwe bwino, komanso kuchepetsa mtengo kupanga kulikonse.

Chitsulo chogwiritsira ntchito McPherson chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choyendetsa kutsogolo komanso choyendetsa galimoto kapena ngati choyendetsa kumbuyo ndikuyendetsa galimoto.

Ma axles agalimoto okwera

Crankshaft

  • Chingwe cholumikizira chimapangidwa ndikutsata mikono yokhala ndi yolowera yolowera (yofanana ndi ndege yayitali yamagalimoto), yomwe imayikidwa mu mayendedwe a labala.
  • Kuti muchepetse mphamvu zomwe zikugwira dzanja (makamaka, kuchepetsa katundu wothandizila), kugwedeza komanso kufalitsa phokoso mthupi, akasupe amayikidwa pafupi kwambiri mpaka pomwe tayala limakumana ndi nthaka. ...
  • Pakati pa kuyimitsidwa, mawilo amgalimoto okha ndi omwe amasintha, kupindika kwa magudumu sikusintha.
  • Kutsika kotsika komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama.
  • Zimatenga malo pang'ono, ndipo thunthu pansi akhoza kuikidwa otsika - oyenera ma ngolo ndi hatchbacks.
  • Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa ma axel kumbuyo ndipo nthawi zambiri samayendetsa poyendetsa.
  • Kusintha kwamasinthidwe kumangopangidwa pomwe thupi limapendekeka.
  • Ma torsion bar (PSA) amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyimitsa.
  • Choyipa chake ndi kutsetsereka kwakukulu kwa ma curve.

Chingwe chogwiritsira ntchito chimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsulo choyendetsa kutsogolo kapena chitsulo choyendetsa kumbuyo.

Ma axles agalimoto okwera

Crankshaft yokhala ndi levers yolumikizidwa (torsionally flexible crankshaft)

Pazitsulo zamtunduwu, gudumu lirilonse limayimitsidwa kuchokera m'manja mozungulira. Manja otsatawo amalumikizidwa ndi mbiri ya U, yomwe imagwira ntchito yokhazikika komanso kuyamwa mphamvu nthawi yomweyo.

Chingwe chogwirizira chokhala ndi mikono yolumikizidwa ndichitsulo chokhwima kuchokera pakuwunika, chifukwa ngati munthu wopingasana adasunthidwira pakatikati mwa magudumu (opanda mikono), kuyimitsidwa koteroko kumatha kukhala kolimba chitsulo chogwira matayala.

Pakatikati pa kupendekera kwa chitsulo ndi chimodzimodzi ndi cholumikizira chabwinobwino, koma pakati pakapendekera kanyumba kali pamwamba pa ndege. Chitsulo chogwira matayala chimachita mosiyana ngakhale magudumu atayimitsidwa. Ndi kuyimitsidwa komweko kwa matayala onse awiri a axle, wheelbase yokhayo ya galimoto imasintha, koma pakayimitsidwa moyimilira kapena kuyimitsidwa kwa gudumu limodzi lokha la axle, magudumu amasintha kwambiri.

Chitsulo chogwira matayala cholumikizira ndi thupi ndi matayala zitsulo-labala. Kulumikizaku kumatsimikizira kuyendetsa bwino axle mukakonzedwa bwino.

  • Mapewa a crankshaft amalumikizidwa ndi ndodo yosalala mosasunthika komanso torsionally (makamaka yopangidwa ngati U), yomwe imakhala yolimba.
  • Uku ndikusintha pakati pa crankshaft yolimba komanso yayitali.
  • Pankhani yakuyimitsidwa komwe kukubwera, kusinthako kumasintha.
  • Kutsika kotsika komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama.
  • Zimatenga malo pang'ono, ndipo thunthu pansi akhoza kuikidwa otsika - oyenera ma ngolo ndi hatchbacks.
  • Easy msonkhano ndi disassembly.
  • Kulemera pang'ono kwa ziwongola dzanja.
  • Magalimoto oyendetsa bwino.
  • Pakati pa kuyimitsidwa, kusintha kwakung'ono kwakumanja ndikutsata.
  • Wodziyendetsa wokha.
  • Salola kutembenuza mawilo - gwiritsani ntchito ngati chitsulo choyendetsa kumbuyo.
  • Chizolowezi chogonjera chifukwa champhamvu.
  • Mkulu kukameta ubweya pama welds olumikiza mikono ndi torsion bar kumapeto kwa kasupe, komwe kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa axial.
  • Kukhazikika pang'ono pamalo osagwirizana, makamaka pamakona othamanga.

Chingwe chogwirizira chokhala ndi mikono yolumikizidwa chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsulo chogwirizira kumbuyo.

Ma axles agalimoto okwera

Pendulum (angular) olamulira

Amatchedwanso olamulira opendekera motsatana. nsalu yotchinga. Chombocho chimakhala chofanana ndi cholumikizira, koma mosiyana nacho chimakhala ndi cholumikizira chosakanikirana, chomwe chimapangitsa kudziyendetsa kokhako panthawi yoyimitsidwa komanso zotsatira za wopondereza pagalimoto.

Mawilo amamangiriridwa ku chitsulo chogwira matayala pogwiritsa ntchito levers ndi mafoloko achitsulo. Pakati pa kuyimitsidwa, njanji ndi magudumu amasintha pang'ono. Popeza kuti axle salola kuti matayala azungulira, amangogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsulo chakumbuyo (makamaka choyendetsa). Lero silikugwiritsidwanso ntchito, tinkakonda kuliwona mu BMW kapena Opel magalimoto.

Mipikisano ulalo chitsulo chogwira matayala

Chingwe choterechi chinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira woyamba wa Nissan, a Maxima QX. Pambuyo pake, Primera yaying'ono ndi Almera idalandiranso chitsulo chofanana chakumbuyo.

Kuyimitsidwa kwamalumikizidwe ambiri kwasintha kwambiri zinthu za mtengo wokwera mosasunthika womwe umakhazikika. Mwakutero, Multilink imagwiritsa ntchito mtengo wopindika wooneka ngati U kulumikiza matayala akumbuyo, omwe amakhala olimba kwambiri popinda ndipo mbali inayo, amasinthasintha potembenuka. Dziwe lomwe limayang'ana kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali limasungidwa ndi zowongolera zowala pang'ono, ndipo kumapeto kwake kwakunja kumayendetsedwa mozungulira ndi akasupe amagetsi okhala ndi zoyeserera zowopsa, motsatana. komanso chowongolera chowoneka bwino choyang'ana kutsogolo.

Komabe, m'malo mwa thabwa losinthasintha la Panhard, lomwe nthawi zambiri limalumikizidwa kumapeto kwa chipolopolo cha thupi ndi linzake ku axle axle, nkhwangwayo imagwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira cha Scott-Russell chophatikizira chomwe chimapereka kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali ndikuwongolera magudumu. panjira.

Makina a Scott-Russell Zimaphatikizapo ndodo yokhumba ndi ndodo yolamulira. Monga bar ya Panhard, imalumikizanso mtengo wofunira komanso torsionally mtengo ndi thupi. Ili ndi cholumikizira chopingasa, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wopangitsa mikono yotsalira kukhala yopyapyala momwe mungathere.

Mosiyana ndi mtengo wa Panhard, chikhumbo chofuna galimoto sichimazungulira pamalo okhazikika pamtengo wosinthasintha. Amamangiriridwa ndi chikwama chapadera, chomwe chimakhala cholimba molunjika koma chosinthika pambali. Ndodo yayifupi yolumikizira imagwirizanitsa chikhumbo chofunira (pafupifupi pakatikati pakatalika) ndi bwalo loponyera mkati mwa nyumba yakunja. Mzere wa torsion ukakwezedwa ndikutsitsidwa kutengera thupi, makinawo amakhala ngati bala la Panhard.

Komabe, popeza mfuti yomwe imatha kumapeto kwa torsion imatha kusunthira pambuyo pake poyerekeza ndi mtengowo, imalepheretsa chitsulo chonse kuti chiziyenda mozungulira ndipo nthawi yomweyo chimakweza ngati bar yosavuta ya Panhard.

Mawilo am'mbuyo amangoyenda molunjika polumikizana ndi thupi, popanda kusiyana pakati potembenukira kumanja kapena kumanzere. Kugwirizana kumeneku kumathandizanso kuyenda kochepa kwambiri pakati pa kasinthasintha ndi pakati pa mphamvu yokoka pamene chitsulo chimakwezedwa kapena kutsitsidwa. Ngakhale ndimayendedwe ataliatali oimitsidwa, opangidwira mitundu ina kuti athe kukonza bwino. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti gudumu limathandizidwanso ngakhale kuyimitsidwa kwakukulu kapena kwakuthwa kwakanthawi kofanana pamsewu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kulumikizana kwambiri ndi matayala kupita kumsewu kumayendetsedwa.

Chingwe cha Multilink chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gudumu loyenda kutsogolo, komanso chitsulo choyendetsa kapena choyendetsa kumbuyo.

Ma axles agalimoto okwera

Multi-link axle - kuyimitsidwa kwamitundu yambiri

  • Imakhazikitsa bwino zofunikira za gudumu.
  • Kuwongolera mwatsatanetsatane kwamagudumu osintha pang'ono pama geometry.
  • Kuyendetsa bwino komanso kuchepetsa kugwedera.
  • Mayendedwe Low mikangano mu damping wagawo lapansi.
  • Kusintha kapangidwe ka dzanja limodzi osasinthanso.
  • Kulemera kopepuka komanso kophatikizana - malo omangika.
  • Ili ndi miyeso yaying'ono komanso kulemera kwa kuyimitsidwa.
  • Mtengo wapamwamba wopanga.
  • Moyo wamfupi wautumiki (makamaka ma bereti a rabara - midadada yopanda phokoso ya ma levers odzaza kwambiri)

Chingwe chazitsulo zingapo chimakhazikitsidwa ndi trapezoidal axis, koma chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga ndipo chimakhala ndi magawo angapo. Amakhala ndi mikono yosavuta yozungulira kapena yamakona atatu. Amayikidwa mosakhazikika kapena motalikirana, nthawi zina amakhalanso oyenera (mu ndege zopingasa ndi zowongoka).

Mapangidwe ovuta - kudziyimira pawokha kwa ma levers kumakupatsani mwayi wolekanitsa kwambiri mphamvu zotalikirapo, zopingasa komanso zowongoka zomwe zimagwira pa gudumu. Dzanja lililonse limayikidwa kuti lipereke mphamvu za axial zokha. Mphamvu zautali kuchokera pamsewu zimatengedwa ndi ma levers otsogolera ndi otsogolera. Mphamvu zodutsa zimazindikiridwa ndi mikono yopingasa ya utali wosiyanasiyana.

Kusintha kwabwino kwa kulumikizana, kutalika ndi kutalika kwake kumathandizanso pakuyendetsa magwiridwe antchito ndikuyendetsa bwino. Kuyimitsidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri chowongolera mantha nthawi zambiri chimakhala chothandizira, nthawi zambiri chimadutsa, mkono. Chifukwa chake, dzanja ili limapanikizika kwambiri kuposa linalo, kutanthauza kapangidwe kolimba kapena. zakuthupi zosiyana (mwachitsanzo, chitsulo motsutsana ndi aloyi ya aluminium).

Kuonjezera kukhazikika kwa kuyimitsidwa kwazinthu zambiri, chotchedwa subframe - axle imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nkhwangwayo imamangiriridwa ku thupi mothandizidwa ndi zitsulo-rabara bushings - midadada chete. Kutengera katundu wa gudumu limodzi kapena gudumu lina (kuzemba, kumakona), mbali ya chala imasintha pang'ono.

Zodzikongoletsera zimangolemedwa pang'onopang'ono ndi kupsinjika kofananira (ndipo chifukwa chake kukangana kowonjezereka), kotero kumatha kukhala kocheperako ndikuyikidwa mwachindunji mu akasupe a koyilo coaxially - mpaka pakati. Kuyimitsidwa sikumapachikidwa pazovuta, zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakuyenda bwino.

Chifukwa chakukwera kwakukulu kwamakina opanga, ma axle angapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakatikati komanso magalimoto apamwamba, motsatana. othamanga.

Malinga ndi opanga magalimoto, kapangidwe ka zingwe zolumikizira zingapo zimasiyana kwambiri. Mwambiri, kuyimitsidwa kumeneku kumatha kugawidwa m'magulu osavuta (3-ulalo) komanso zovuta (5 kapena kuposa).

  • Pankhani ya unsembe wa maulalo atatu, kotalika ndi ofukula kusamutsidwa kwa gudumu n'zotheka, kuphatikizapo kasinthasintha mozungulira olamulira ofukula, otchedwa 3 madigiri a ufulu - ntchito ndi chiwongolero kutsogolo ndi nkhwangwa kumbuyo.
  • Ndi kukwera kwa maulalo anayi, kusuntha kwa gudumu loyima kumaloledwa, kuphatikiza kuzungulira kozungulira kozungulira, komwe kumatchedwa madigiri a 2 a ufulu - gwiritsani ntchito chiwongolero chakutsogolo ndi chitsulo chakumbuyo.
  • Pankhani ya ulalo wa maulalo asanu, kusuntha koyima kwa gudumu kumaloledwa, chomwe chimatchedwa 1 digiri yaufulu - mayendedwe abwino amagudumu, gwiritsani ntchito pa chitsulo cham'mbuyo.

Kuwonjezera ndemanga