Kufotokozera ndi ntchito yachitetezo chamagalimoto
Njira zotetezera

Kufotokozera ndi ntchito yachitetezo chamagalimoto

Tsoka ilo, ngakhale woyendetsa bwino kwambiri komanso wodziwa bwino sanatetezedwe ku chiwopsezo changozi. Pozindikira izi, opanga magalimoto akuyesetsa kuchita zonse zomwe angathe kuti ateteze dalaivala ndi omwe amayenda naye paulendowu. Imodzi mwazinthu zomwe cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa ngozi ndizokhazikitsa njira zamakono zotetezera magalimoto, zomwe zimachepetsa ngozi.

Kodi chitetezo chokhazikika ndi chiyani

Kwa nthawi yayitali, njira zokhazokha zotetezera driver ndi okwera mgalimoto anali malamba apamtunda okha. Komabe, poyambitsa zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi pakupanga magalimoto, zinthu zasintha kwambiri. Tsopano magalimoto ali ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu:

  • yogwira (yothetsera vuto ladzidzidzi);
  • kungokhala (kuyang'anira kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa zotsatira za ngozi).

Chodziwika bwino cha chitetezo chokhazikika ndichoti amatha kuchitapo kanthu kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri ndikupanga zisankho potengera kusanthula momwe zinthu ziliri komanso momwe zinthu zikuyendera m'galimoto.

Magwiridwe achitetezo otetezedwa amatengera wopanga, zida ndi luso lagalimoto.

Ntchito zama kachitidwe omwe ali ndi chitetezo chachitetezo

Machitidwe onse ophatikizidwa ndi zovuta zamagetsi zachitetezo amachita ntchito zingapo zodziwika:

  • kuchepetsa ngozi za ngozi zapamsewu;
  • kusunga kayendetsedwe ka galimoto munthawi yovuta kapena mwadzidzidzi;
  • Chitani chitetezo poyendetsa dalaivala ndi omwe amamukwera.

Poyang'anira kukhazikika kwa galimotoyo, magwiridwe antchito achitetezo otetezedwa amakulolani kuti muziyenda mozungulira panjira yofunikira, kutsutsa mphamvu zomwe zingayambitse ngozi kapena kugubuduza galimoto.

Main dongosolo zipangizo

Magalimoto amakono ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi chitetezo chokhazikika. Zipangizozi zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu ingapo:

  • zida zomwe zimagwirizana ndi braking system;
  • zowongolera;
  • njira zoyendetsera injini;
  • zamagetsi.

Zonsezi, pali ntchito zingapo komanso njira zingapo zowonetsetsa kuti dalaivala ndi omwe akuyenda amatetezeka. Machitidwe ofunikira kwambiri pakati pawo ndi awa:

  • odana ndi kutchinga;
  • odana Pepala;
  • braking mwadzidzidzi;
  • kusinthasintha kwa ndalama;
  • pakompyuta masiyanidwe loko;
  • kugawa kwa mabuleki;
  • kuzindikira oyenda.

ABS

ABS ndi gawo la mabuleki ndipo tsopano amapezeka pafupifupi magalimoto onse. Ntchito yayikulu ya chipangizochi ndikupatula kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu kwama magudumu nthawi yama braking. Zotsatira zake, galimotoyo siyingataye bata komanso kuyendetsa bwino.

Gulu loyang'anira la ABS limayang'anira kuthamanga kwa kusinthasintha kwa gudumu lililonse pogwiritsa ntchito masensa. Ngati m'modzi wa iwo ayamba kutsika msanga kuposa zomwe zimakhazikika, dongosololi limachepetsa kukakamiza mu mzere wake, ndikuletsa kutseka.

Dongosolo la ABS nthawi zonse limagwira ntchito lokha, popanda oyendetsa.

ASR

ASR (aka ASC, A-TRAC, TDS, DSA, ETC) ili ndi udindo wothamangitsa kuyendetsa kwamagalimoto ndikupewa kutsetsereka pagalimoto. Ngati mukufuna, dalaivala akhoza kuzimitsa. Kutengera ndi ABS, ASR imawonjezeranso zowunikira zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zina zama injini. Ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zochitira kuthamanga kwapamwamba komanso kotsika.

ESP

ESP (Vehicle Stability System) ndi yomwe imayambitsa mayendedwe agalimoto ndikusungitsa mayendedwe ake pakagwa vuto ladzidzidzi. Mayina akhoza kukhala osiyana kutengera ndi wopanga:

  • ENG;
  • DSC;
  • ESC;
  • VSA, ndi zina.

ESP imaphatikizaponso njira zingapo zomwe zitha kuwunika momwe galimoto ikuyendera panjira ndikuyankha zolakwika zomwe zikupezeka pazomwe zakhala zachizolowezi. Dongosolo limatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito a gearbox, injini, mabuleki.

anatsalira

Dongosolo la braking ladzidzidzi (lofupikitsidwa ngati BAS, EBA, BA, AFU) limayang'anira kuyika mabuleki pakagwa vuto lina. Ikhoza kugwira ntchito kapena yopanda ABS. Pakachitika kukanikiza kwakukulu pa buleki, BAS imathandizira kuyendetsa kwamagetsi kwa ndodo yolimbikitsira. Kukanikiza, dongosololi limapereka kuyeserera kwakukulu komanso mabuleki ogwira ntchito kwambiri.

EBD

Kugawa kwa mabuleki (EBD kapena EBV) si njira yapadera, koma ntchito yowonjezera yomwe imakulitsa mphamvu za ABS. EBD imateteza galimotoyo kutsekera magudumu kumbuyo kwazitsulo kumbuyo.

EDS

Kusiyanitsa kwamagetsi kumachokera ku ABS. Njirayi imalepheretsa kutsika ndikuwonjezera kuthekera kwa galimoto pogawa torque kuma mawilo oyendetsa. Pofufuza liwiro la kasinthasintha kake pogwiritsa ntchito masensa, a EDS amayendetsa mabuleki ngati gudumu limodzi likuzungulira mofulumira kuposa enawo.

PDS

Poyang'anira malo omwe ali kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo, a Pedestrian Collision Prevention System (PDS) amadzipukusa mosavuta. Magalimoto amayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makamera ndi ma radars. Kuti muchite bwino kwambiri, makina a BAS amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, dongosololi silinakonzedwenso ndi onse opanga magalimoto.

Zida zothandizira

Kuphatikiza pa ntchito zofunikira zachitetezo chogwira ntchito, magalimoto amakono amathanso kukhala ndi zida zothandizira (othandizira):

  • mawonekedwe owoneka bwino onse (amalola dalaivala kuyang'anira zigawo "zakufa");
  • thandizo mukamatsika kapena kukwera (kuyendetsa liwiro lofunikira pamagawo ovuta amsewu);
  • masomphenya ausiku (amathandiza kuzindikira oyenda pansi kapena zopinga panjira usiku);
  • Kuwongolera kutopa kwa oyendetsa (kumapereka chidziwitso chofunikira kupuma, kupeza zizindikilo za kutopa kwa driver);
  • kuzindikira basi zizindikiro za msewu (akuchenjeza ziziyenda za madera ena a malamulo a malamulo);
  • ma drive oyenda pamaulendo (amalola kuti galimoto iziyenda mwachangu popanda kuthandizira woyendetsa);
  • thandizo lane kusintha (imafotokozera zakupezeka kwa zopinga kapena zopinga zomwe zimasokoneza kusintha kwanjira).

Magalimoto amakono akukhala otetezeka kwambiri kwa oyendetsa komanso okwera. Okonza ndi mainjiniya amapangira zatsopano, ntchito yayikulu ndikuthandizira woyendetsa pakagwa mwadzidzidzi. Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti chitetezo pamsewu, makamaka, sichidalira makina okha, koma kuyang'anitsitsa komanso kulondola kwa driver. Kugwiritsa ntchito lamba woletsa komanso kutsatira malamulo apamsewu kupitilirabe pachinsinsi pachitetezo.

Kuwonjezera ndemanga